CONTAINER SHIPS

Container shipsCargo loading / unloading used to be slow,

standardised carrying box, or container at 20 feet long (the TEU = 20 foot equivalent unit) allowed for vessels to be designed to carry these standard sized boxes,

Consequently dockside equipment needed to be designed to lift, stack and store these specific shapes.

Initially, small vessels of up to 10,000 DWT, carried no more than a few hundred TEU.

Today's container ships are being built to take over 13,000 TEU (such as the Emma Maersk).

Even larger vessels (the "Malaccamax") are now being constructed → take up to 18,000 TEU.

The term "Malaccamax" refers to the depth, as the shallowest part of the Malacca Straits is 25 metres deep. This is the limiting factor for any vessel wishing to transit the Straits.

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Construction of a container ship

1. bridge

2. deck containers

3. foremast & mast top (pramčani jarbol)

4. forecastle

5. insulated containers in holds

6. container refrigeration ducts(vod)

7. double hull

8. passageway (prolaz)

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Freight container

any article of equipment with an overall volume greaterthan 8m³ (rigid or collapsible) suitable for repeated usein the carriage of materials in bulk or package form andcapable of transfer between one or more forms of transport,

built to the ISO requirements,

materials: mild steel, stainless steel-aluminium alloy, plywood, fibre-glass or combinations of these.

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Containers carried in / on:

holds - cellular structure of angle bars forming container guides that stow containers on top of another.

weather / upper decks - containers are carefully secured to

ensure that they will not shift.

Vertical stowage loading - hatchways are very large; accessibility of the hold is of the utmost importance.

large hatch openings;

no need for cargo handling gear, operate from well-equipped special terminals.

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The common types of ISO shipping containers

20' GP (standard type)40' GP (standard type)

20' HC - 1 foot taller than a standard 20' GP)

40' HC - 1 foot taller than a standard 40' GP

Open top container20 foot (20’) & 40 foot (40’)

GP general purpose HC high cube 20 feet (6.058m) 40 feet (12.192m)

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Fully enclosed with strong, rigid walls.

One of the walls adapted to create a door opening.

• the only differences between high cube and their standard equivalents are the height and increased cubic capacity.

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8

Tank or dry bulk container

for food, liquid or sensitive freight

Thermal container or reefer(interior insulation on the doors,roof, floor & walls)

Insulated container

Flat rack or platform container

No fixed walls or any load-carryingstructures, transport& distribution of woodor other heavy objects

Standard container description 1.top end transverse member (cross rail) (gornje

poprečno rebro kontejnera)

2. front wall panel (čeona stjenka)

3. side wall panel (bočna stjenka)

4. roof panel (ploha)

5. door header

6. end door (čeona vrata kontejnera)

7. hinge (šarka)

8. rod guide (motka)

9. cam end guide (bregast)

cam end

10. lever (poluga)

door gasket (brtva)

11.bottom rear cross member

corner fitting (oprema)

12. fork lift pockets (otvori za manipulaciju s viljuškarom)

11a. bottom cross member (poprečna greda podnog okvira kontejnera)

13. floor

14. bottom side rail (bočni okvir)

15. bottom end transverse member (bottom front cross) (poprečno rebro dna kontejnera)

16. corner post (ugaona greda kontejnera)

17. top side rail (gornja bočna ograda)

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1.2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

11a.

Container stowage plans

drawn up to assist in advance planning.

document the positioning of containers on board.

The stowage space of the container on board the ship is stated in numbers and is recorded in the shipping documents.

The bay-row-tier system follows a system of numerical coordinates relating to length, width and height.

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2 TEU čine BAY,

Dva BAYa dužine čine jednu štivu, uz 8 visina u štivi i 6 visina na palubi.

U štivi: 12 kontejnera po širini, a na palubi 13.

20 BAYeva na brodu.

Container securing

Deck fittings 2. flush deck fitting, flush deck insert, flush foundation, circular

foundation, stud bushing with plugging screw, screw plug,5. socket, base stowing plate, base (… to be used with 21)15. U-frame, shoe fitting, dovetailed base, companion fitting, dovetailed foundation (… to be used with13,17)22,24. keyhole inserts (sunken, flush, raised),

Bottom fittings 1. pin bottom fitting, base stacking cone, cone plate, bottom stacking

cone, bottom locator (… to be used with 2)21. bottom stacking cone {… to be used with 5,12,22,23).23. guide cone,

Stacking and locking fittings 4. stacking cone, intermediate stacking cone, stacker, stacking stud,

11. locking cone, pinstacker (with locking pin),1416,17. twistlock, twist locking cone,20. spacer stacking cone, compensating cone, spacer fitting (with cone top and bottom),8,19,25. bridge fittings,8. adjustable bridge fitting, clamp,19. offset height clamp, compensatory bridge fitting, variable height clamp,25. non-adjustable bruise fitting, double stacker, double intermediate stacking

Lashing points or lashing terminals 6. D-ring, lashing eye,

Lashing equipment (priveze) 7,9 loadbinders,

7. chain lashing with chain lever,9. lashing wire and turnbuckle, <18. bulkhead bridge fitting,

Other lashing equipment 10. lashing rod or bar, securing pads (penguin hook, elephant’s foot,

eye hook), webbing,

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