Consumers' Online Cognitive Scripts: A Neurophysiological Approach

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Consumers' Online Cognitive Scripts: A Neurophysiological Approach Sylvain Sénécal (HEC Montréal) Pierre-Majorique Léger (HEC Montréal) Marc Fredette (HEC Montréal) René Riedl (University of Linz) Gmunden Retreat on NeuroIS 2012 Gmunden, Austria, June 3-6

description

Presentation at the 2012 Gmunden NeuroIS Retreat, Austria, June 2012

Transcript of Consumers' Online Cognitive Scripts: A Neurophysiological Approach

Page 1: Consumers' Online Cognitive Scripts: A Neurophysiological Approach

Consumers' Online Cognitive Scripts: A Neurophysiological Approach  

Sylvain Sénécal (HEC Montréal)Pierre-Majorique Léger (HEC Montréal)

Marc Fredette (HEC Montréal)René Riedl (University of Linz)

Gmunden Retreat on NeuroIS 2012 Gmunden, Austria, June 3-6

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Tech3Lab

Scientific partners

Insfrastructure financing

Operational financing

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Group experimental room

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Group experimental room

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Individual experimental room

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Individual experimental room

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Cognitive Script

• “Coherent sequence of events expected by the individual, involving him either as a participant or as an observer” (Abelson 1976)

• “Predetermined, stereotyped sequence of actions that define a well-known situation.” (Shank and Abelson 1977) 

• Basically, it allows people to understand and behave appropriately in a particular situation (Abelson 1981). 

• Experts form more elaborate, distinctive, contingent, and hypothetical scripts than novices (Leong et al. 1989; Martin 1991) 

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Research Objectives

1. Validate if consumers activate cognitive scripts when shopping online;

2. Understand how cognitive scripts are formed by consumers over multiple shopping trips;

3. Investigate how consumers activating different cognitive scripts respond when facing a novel shopping environment (e.g., a new store).

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Potential Contributions

• To theory:– Better understand script activation over multiple interactions

– Script and Self-service technology• To practice:– Help managers provide satisfying online experiences– Potentially, locking-in consumers with easier to learn websites (Johnson and Bellman 2003).

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Cognitive Script and Neuroscience

• When encountering a situation, the brain tries to match the input information (e.g., Burger King) with a similar representation existing in memory (Barr 2009). 

• By activating a certain analogy, information that is associated with this analogy in memory is triggered, generating a prediction of what to expect next (Bar 2009, Bar and Neta 2008). 

• Hence, cognitive scripts could be at the basis of human brain activity and consequently human behaviors

• “Information encoded in our memory guides and sometimes dictates our future behavior. One can look at our experience as stored in memory as scripts.” (Bar 2009, p.1239)

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Hypotheses 

• H1: Consumers, whose script was formed during repeated visits to a single website (intrascript consumers), will possess a different script than those whose script was formed during single visits to different websites (interscript consumers).

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Neurophysiological differences betweenNovices and Experts

Hill and Schneider, 2006

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Hypotheses 

• H2: When revisiting the website, intrascript consumers will more use automatic processing.

• H3: When visiting a new and dissimilar website, intrascript consumers will use more controlled processing.

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Hypotheses 

• H4: When visiting a new and dissimilar website, interscript consumers will have more positive attitudes toward the website than intrascript consumers.

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Method

• Pretest conducted in Summer 2011• Main study– Lab expriment– Subjects: No online music purchase experience– Data collected in March -  April 2012– Data analysis: ongoing

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Method – Main study

• Questionnaire 1– « Online music purchase » script elicitation 1–  List of 10 songs

• Random assignment to Group A (same site) or B (different sites)– Purchase task: One song per website (1 hour and/or 10 websites 

max.)• Questionnaire 2

– « Online music purchase » script elicitation 2– Website evaluation (Bressolles and Nantel 2008)– Demographics

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Experimental Design

Intrascript

Interscript

One Hour (maximum)

A A A A A A A A A A L

B C D E F G H I J K L

Questionnaire

Questionnaire

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Measures

• Neurophysiological– Electroencephalography  (EEG) and Heart Rate (HR)

• B-Alert® X10• EEG based engagement index (Berka 2007): sleep onset, distraction, low engagement, and high engagement.

• EEG based workload index 

– Electrodermal response (EDR) • Procomp Infinity (Thought Technology)

• Self-reported– Website evaluation (Bressolles and Nantel 2008)

• Aesthetics, Ease of Use, Information Quality, Interactivity/Personalisation

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Pretest and Main StudyB-Alert EEG Headset

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Results

•  Pre-test done in Summer 2011 with 6 subjects.•  Real test done in March-April 2012 with 20 

subjects. •  Once the data are processed, we still have about 

20 measures per subject per thousandth of second (approx. 75,000,000 observations per subject).

•  Per subject, we have approx. 250Mo of data (unstructured data excluded)

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Description des données

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Pre Test (n=5)

achat1

achat2

achat3

achat4

achat5

achat6

achat7

achat8

achat9

achat1

0

ACHAT11

70%

75%

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100%

Intrascript Condition (1 site)

High/Low Eng Sleep/Distracted

achat1

achat2

achat3

achat4

achat5

achat6

achat7

achat8

achat9

achat1

0

ACHAT11

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

Interscript Condition (10 sites)

High/Low Eng Sleep/Distracted

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H1 : Consumers, whose script was formed during repeated visits to a single website (intrascript consumers), will possess a different script than those whose script was formed during single visits to different websites (interscript consumers).

• Two independent judges coded each participant’s initial and final scripts (Intercoder reliability coefficient 0.97)

• Average number of events between the initial and final script:– Intrascript condition : from 5.70 to 5.65 events– Interscript condition : from from 7.18 to 7.55 events– Difference in variation (-0.05 vs. 0.37) was not statistically 

significant based on a Mann-Whitney test (n1=10 and n2=11)

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H2: When revisiting the website, intrascript consumers will more use automatic processing.H3: When visiting a new and dissimilar website, intrascript consumers will use more controlled processing.

 

Intrascript group Interscript group

N = 14

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H4 : When visiting a new and dissimilar website, interscript consumers will have more positive attitudes toward the website than intrascript consumers.

N = 21

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Next step

 

  is the observed probability to be (high or low) engaged for subject i, after seconds during visit v  (i=1,…,20 ; v=1,…,11); is a Gaussian random effect to account for the potential correlation within each subject; is a dummy variable indicating the group assigned to subject i;is a Gaussian error term.  

      0 if i≠i’;Corr(,=       0 if v≠v’;

        if i=i’ and v=v’.