Consumer Food Waste - a Potential Animal Feed Resource › programs › LAND...•Food waste...
Transcript of Consumer Food Waste - a Potential Animal Feed Resource › programs › LAND...•Food waste...
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Consumer Food Waste -a Potential Animal Feed
Resource
David Galligan ,VMD MBAProfessor of Animal Health Economics
Zhengxia DouProfessor of Agricultural Systems
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Animal Agriculture
• “providing our dinner” or “taking our lunch” ?
• Competes for use of resources (land, water, .. .) for other activities.
Our Focus:
• What is the “appropriate role” of animal agriculture in a sustainable system?
• Can they play a synergistic role?
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Historical approach to improving animal efficiency
• Increase yield/animal unit
Mechanism
• Dilution of animal maintenance cost
• More yield/animal, requires fewer animals, fewer replacement animals and fewer resources proportional to animal numbers.
Link to Milk Intensity PDF
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New dimensions of efficiency – use of human food waste as animal feed
• 30% of Human Food Production is used as by products in animal feeding systems
• However Food Waste in U.S. is very large
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The Magnitude of the Problem
On Farm Processing
ManufacturingConsumption
Stage
9.1 Mt 0.9 Mt 47 Mt
FLW along the food chain
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Tree nuts and…
Eggs
Added fats and…
Meat, poultry,…
Added sugars…
Fruit
Grain products
Vegetables
Dairy products
Retail loss
Consumer loss\1
Million metric tonnes
36% 11.5
72%28%
64%
61%39%
68%32%
73%27%
82%18%
55%
25%
45%
36%, 64%
75%
7.0
7.6
8.4
8.4
11.4
0.2
1.3
4.5
Retail and consumer food loss by food group
The Magnitude of the Problem
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Resources and Financial Drains with Retail and Consumer Level FLW
• 27% of cropland
• 25% of irrigation water
• 26% of fertilizer
• 25% of energy
• Retail value of $161.6 billion
• Intangible impacts, e.g. water pollution, GHGs, biodiversity, and habitat loss
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U.S. 2030 FLW Reduction Goal: 50%
FLW Reduction, Recovery, and Recycling
San Francisco
Austin
Boulder
Cities with food waste regulations
States with food waste regulations
Seattle,
New York City
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The Hierarchy
FLW Reduction, Recovery, and Recycling
Reduction/Prevention
Recovery/Diversion
Recycling
Disposal
Source reduction
Food rescue for people
Industrial uses
Feeding animals
CompostingIncineration
AD
Landfill
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Hierarchy Mt Notes
Prevention (rescue/donation) to feed people
0.32 Manufacturer donation
0.30 Retail/wholesale donation
0.008 Farm gleaning
0.19 Donation, Feeding America data
0.56 Donation from consumer and retail
Diversionnonhuman beneficial use
13.9 Manufacturer diversion to feed animals
0.1 Retail/wholesale diversion to feed animals
1.1 Restaurant grease recovery
Recycling 5.0 Manufacturer-reported composting
0.53 Retail/wholesale reported composting
1.42 EPA data on composting
1.66 Survey response of 24 states
Major Data on Food Waste Prevention and Recycling
1-2 Mt
7-8 Mt
15 Mt
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Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
• Our decisions and actions are not necessarily rational or straightforward…
Interpretive Analysis
Changing food-wasting behavior
• No one buys food to throw it away but...
• Nudging for behavioral change…
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Technologies and the 50% reduction goal
• Composting• Reduced volume, moisture, and pathogens
• Compost as soil amendment
Interpretive Analysis
• Anaerobic digestion (AD)• Biogas as a source of renewable energy• Digestate as soil amendment
• Efficacy, costs-benefits, scale-up?• Tradeoffs?
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Interpretive Analysis
A game changer?
ReFeed
Save resource Reduce
pollution
Grain spared
47 Mt 1 MtSoil erosion
N&P losses
GHGs
Biodiversity
Energy
Water
Fertilizer
Land
Agricultural
crops
Processing
manufacturingConsumption
stage
Livestock
animals
9 Mt
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Conclusions
• Sustainable food consumption must be taken into account of the food security and sustainability agenda.
• Food waste prevention is a top priority; changing consumer wasteful behavior is essential. Still, need all workable solutions.
• Technologies have a critical role to play. Research must evaluate the overall impacts of different technologies on food, energy, water, other resources, economic viability, and environmental-climate outcomes.
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Questions/Discussion
Zhengxia [email protected]
This CAST Issue Paper is available at
www.cast-science.org/publications.