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SAFE HANDLING FOR GAS CYLINDERS

REMEMBER NEVER SHIFT

GAS CYLINDERS IN HORIZONTAL

POSITION !

CONSTRUCTION SAFETY

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INDUSTRIAL GASES

Common industrial gases, such as; Air, Ar2, Cl2, CO2, N2, O2, H2, ...etc. were used in compressed form inside special cylinders under pressure of 200-300 Bar.

Compressed gases will be condensed to form a layer of the gas liquid in the bottom, covered by the gas vapor & toped by the gas phase.

The amount of the Liquid & Vapor inside the cylinders will be depending (mainly) on the compression pressure and the gas relative density.

gas

liquid

vapor

AirAr2

Cl2

CO2

N2

O2

H2

Gas

200-300 Bar.

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Tilt/Lay down full gas cylinders on its side will permit gas moistures to contaminate the valve assembly. If it happen that the cylinder been handled in horizontal position; give it some time -10 min.- standing up right before put it on use.

Never ever operate gas cylinders while been tilted or lay on side. Liquefied gas or its vapor could be released then expand violently resulting in material damages & serious injuries.

vapor

liquid

gas

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FUEL GAS RELATIVE VAPOR DENSITY WITH AIR

NATURAL GAS ……………………….. 0.55 ACETYLENE ………………………... 0.91 BREATHING AIR ………………………... 1.00PROPYLENE ……………………….. 1.42MAPP ………………………... 1.48PROPANE ………………………... 1.56 BUTANE ………………………... 2.05

} LIGHTER THAN AIR

} HEAVIER THAN AIR

FUEL GAS EXPLOSIVE CONCENTRATION IN AIR

NATURAL GAS ………………………… 2.8% TO 17.0%ACETYLENE ………………………… 2.3% TO 80.0%PROPYLENE ………………………… 2.0% TO 11.1%MAPP ………………………… 3.4% TO 10.8%PROPANE ………………………… 2.1% TO 09.5% BUTANE ………………………… 1.9% TO 08.5%

NEVER RELEASE FUEL GASES INTO THE AIR NEAR OTHER WELDINGOR CUTTING OPERATIONS OR POTENTIAL SOURCES OF IGNITION!

}

}

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Liquefied Petroleum Gas [LPG]

It is -mainly- of Butane gas [C4H10], & of higher density than air (2.05) and can be condensed to liquid under low pressure of (22-25 Bar).

Full cylinders will have high level of gas liquid & vapor which can contaminate valve nipple when tilting the cylinder on its side.

Operating the cylinder directly after that could engulf the space with a big gas cloud which could result in explosion.

gas

LPGvapor

liquid

22-25 Bar.

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C2H2 gas

ACETYLENE GAS {C2H2}Acetylene has a very wide explosive range (2.3-80% in air) and can result in high temperatures of about 2800 C.It is slightly lighter than air (0.91%), it is unstable compound and can react violently under high pressure (safe compressing pressure not more than “25 Bar”).Such low pressure will not provide adequate volume of gas for industrial use. The solution found in the high tendency of Acetylene to dissolve in Acetone liquid, the cylinder will be accommodate up to “80 times by volume” under the same pressure.

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Acetylene gas cylinders was provided with a special diaphragm which been saturated with Acetone liquid, then Acetylene will be compressed into it. Tilting Acetylene cylinder will allow Acetone/Acetylene moisture to contaminate outlet nipple. Experience showed that moisture will not be cleared even after four hours from having the cylinder placed in upright position!

Acetylene& Acetone

C2H2 gas Diaphragm

Operating pressure should be of “0.5 Bar”and never reach “1.0 Bar”; to give time to free dissolved Acetylene from Acetone. High demand of Acetylene could result in Acetone curry-over.

Acetone moisture release will result in serious accidents & property damages.

gas

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GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS UNLESS IN USE, VALVES SHOULD BE KEPT CLOSED.

NEVER TAMPER WITH SAFETY RELIEF DEVICES.

ALWAYS USE AN APPROVED PRESSURE-REDUCING REGULATOR.

LEAVE “T” WRENCHES IN PLACE AT ALL TIMES.

THAW ICE WITH WARM (NOT BOILING) WATER.

NEVER LET RECESSED TOPS OF CYLINDERS FILL WITH WATER.

NEVER USE A CYLINDER AS A ROLLER OR SUPPORT.

HANDLING GAS CYLINDERS

NEVER TRANSFER ANY GAS FROM ONE CYLINDER TO ANOTHER.

NEVER TRANSPORT USING ELECTRO-MAGNETIC LIFTS.

SECURE CYLINDERS FROM TAMPERING WHEN NOT IN USE.

TREAT EVERY CYLINDER LIKE A BOMB.

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PRE-OPERATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

1. INSPECT CYLINDER FOR DAMAGE BEFORE USE.

2. ENSURE “IN USE” LABEL IS PRESENT.

3. ENSURE ALL LABELS AND WARNINGS ARE READABLE.

4. PLACE UPRIGHT ON STABLE DRY SURFACE.

5. ENSURE CYLINDER IS RESTRAINED ABOVE MID-POINT.

6. NEVER SECURE TO ELECTRICAL LINES OR CONDUITS.

7. KEEP HEAT, FLAME, AND ELECTRICITY AWAY FROM CYLINDER.

8. OPERATE IN ACCORDANCE WITH WELDING PROCEDURES.

HANDLING GAS CYLINDERS (continue)

RELEASED GASES DANGER

IT CAN DISPLACE BREATHING AIR

WORK AREAS MUST HAVE AT LEAST 18% OXYGEN

CONTACT THE GAS SUPPLIER FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION

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FUEL GASES CAN COLLECT IN HIGH OR LOW AREAS VAPOR DENSITY WILL DETERMINE WHERE THESE GASES GO HOSES CAN LEAK AND DISPERSE GASES IN UNWANTED AREAS FORCED VENTILATION AND EXHAUST DUCTS MAY BE NEEDED

RELATIVE VAPOR DENSITY IS A CRITICAL CONSIDERATION

OXYGEN HAZARDS:

KEEP OIL AND GREASE FROM HOSES, REGULATORS ETC.

NEVER USE LUBRICANTS ON OXY-FUEL EQUIPMENT

OXYGEN ENRICHED MATERIAL BURNS MUCH HOTTER!

KEEP OXYGEN FROM ENTERING PERMEABLE MATERIAL

NEVER HANDLE OXYGEN IN GREASE OR OILY AREAS

CONSIDER ALL FUMES, GASES, SMOKES HAZARDOUS

OXYGEN IS “NOT” AIR, NEVER USE FOR DUST-OFF OF CLOTHING OR WORK SURFACES!

HANDLING GAS CYLINDERS (continue)

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COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS PROCEDURE (Cont.)

GAS CHARACTERISTICS CYLINDER COLOR

Oxygen

No smell, non-toxic. Will not burn but supports and accelerates combustion. Materials not normally considered combustible may be ignited in oxygen rich atmospheres

Blue with black Letters

Nitrogen

No smell, does not burn. Inert except at high temperatures. Non toxic but does not support life so will cause asphyxiation in high concentrations

Black with yellow letters

Argon

No smell. Heavier than air. Does not burn. Non toxic but does not support life so will cause asphyxiation in high concentrations

Black with yellow letters

Acetylene

Distinctive garlic-like smell. Fire and explosion hazards are similar to those of propane. Cylinders of acetylene must be kept cool because chemical reaction in the cylinder can cause the cylinder to explode if allowed to get hot

White with red letters

PropaneDistinctive fish-like smell. Highly flammable and highly explosive when mixed with air.

Red with white letters

ButaneHighly flammable and highly explosive when mixed with air. Heavier than air Red with white letters

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POST- OPERATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

1. ENSURE “EMPTY” OR LIKE LABEL PRESENT.

2. ENSURE VALVE IS CLOSED COMPLETELY AND CAP CYLINDER.

3. REMOVE FROM OPERATION FOLLOWING PROCEDURES.

4. NEVER ROLL, TRANSPORT CYLINDERS USING HANDTRUCK.

5. NEVER UNDERESTIMATE HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPRESSED GASES.

HANDLING GAS CYLINDERS (continue)

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TRANSPORTING REQUIREMENTS

TRANSPORT WITH REGULATOR REMOVED.

NEVER TRANSPORT IN CONFINED SPACES.

ALWAYS PROVIDE PLENTY OF VENTILATION.

PREVENT ICE OR SNOW FROM ACCUMULATING.

USE SUITABLE HAND TRUCK OR RACKS TO MOVE CYLINDERS.

NEVER USE OR TRANSPORT A LEAKING CYLINDER.

NEVER TRANSPORT USING SLINGS OR ELECTRO-MAGNETS.

TRANSPORTING GAS CYLINDERS

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STORAGE REQUIREMENTS

STORE ONLY IN DESIGNATED AREAS.

STORE AND USE ON A FIRST-IN, FIRST-OUT BASIS.

NEVER STORE WITHOUT PROPER LABELING.

IDENTIFY ALL EMPTY CYLINDERS.

STORE LIKE GASES WITH LIKE GASES.

SEPARATE EMPTY CYLINDERS FROM FULL ONES.

STORE WITHIN PROPER TEMPERATURE RANGES.

STORING GAS CYLINDERS

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