CONSTRUCTION TECHNOL OGY OF INTERNAL GYPSUM … · CONSTRUCTION TECHNOL Lordsleem Jr., Alberto...

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOL

Lordsleem Jr., Alberto Casado1 PhD, Professor, University of Pernambuco, Civil Engineering

2 MSc, Civil Engineer, University of Pernambuco, Civil Engineering Department, [email protected]

The latest interest in the execution of internal gypsum blockalternative to brick walls. Howevertechnology, as well as its behaviour, and the fledgling research issue, unlike other countries where itsaims to systematize the existing knowledge on the construction method of internal block partitioning in multi-floor buildings. the state of the art, in an attempt to ctools required to build gypsum blockdescribe the current stage of the process and tools and building techniques employed in the service works in progress. The aim is to contribute to the advancement of knowledge ofto further the development of internal

Keywords: Building technology; internal INTRODUCTION Internal partitioning using gypsumplasterboard, arrived in Brazil as one of the planning and on work focusing on In particular, gypsum block benefits announced by the manufacturers, such as, for example (ISOLAVA, 2008; SUPERGESSO, 2008): shorter complover the final floor, layout flexibility, lighter walls, lighter odimensional precision and better thermal Among the benefits announced by one of the top Bby good planning of gypsum block partitioning,reduction in the structural load, use offers a clean, fast, low2009). Although, on one hand, there is growing interest in using gypsum blocks partitioning in multi-floor buildings,

15th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference

Florianópolis – Brazil – 2012

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOL OGY OF INTERNAL GYPSUM BLOCK PARTITIONING

Lordsleem Jr., Alberto Casado1; Neves, Maria Luíza Rodrigues

PhD, Professor, University of Pernambuco, Civil Engineering Department, [email protected]

MSc, Civil Engineer, University of Pernambuco, Civil Engineering Department, [email protected]

n the execution of internal gypsum block partitioning wever, there is still great lack of knowledge about

behaviour, and the fledgling research is conducted in Brazil on this issue, unlike other countries where its use has a historical tradition. In this context, this paper aims to systematize the existing knowledge on the construction method of internal

floor buildings. The research methodology consisted in an attempt to characterize the materials, components, equipment and

gypsum block partitioning. The case studies arethe current stage of the process and production design; and to identify the materials,

niques employed in the service works in progress. The aim is to contribute to the advancement of knowledge of partition production technology and, mainly,

f internal partitioning with gypsum block.

internal partitioning; gypsum blocks

using gypsum-based materials, both with gypsum blocks and , arrived in Brazil as one of the streamlined building solutions based on integrated

focusing on quality control of the project (ROCHA, 2007).

In particular, gypsum block partitioning is becoming more attractive mainly due to the by the manufacturers, such as, for example (ISOLAVA, 2008;

SUPERGESSO, 2008): shorter completion time, larger working area, possibility to install over the final floor, layout flexibility, lighter walls, lighter overload on the structure, dimensional precision and better thermal-acoustic comfort.

the benefits announced by one of the top Brazilian manufacturers of gypsum blocks, of gypsum block partitioning, it is possible to have an average

reduction in the structural load, saving in the use of steel and optimizing construction.low-cost, light, resistant and refined finish (BRASIL GYPSUM,

there is growing interest in using gypsum blocks floor buildings, especially in cities in Northeast Brazil,

GYPSUM BLOCK

Maria Luíza Rodrigues2

Department, [email protected]

MSc, Civil Engineer, University of Pernambuco, Civil Engineering Department, [email protected]

partitioning is emerging as an , there is still great lack of knowledge about its production

conducted in Brazil on this In this context, this paper

aims to systematize the existing knowledge on the construction method of internal gypsum consisted of examining

erize the materials, components, equipment and are next discussed to

to identify the materials, niques employed in the service works in progress. The aim is to

production technology and, mainly,

h with gypsum blocks and building solutions based on integrated

(ROCHA, 2007).

becoming more attractive mainly due to the by the manufacturers, such as, for example (ISOLAVA, 2008;

etion time, larger working area, possibility to install erload on the structure,

razilian manufacturers of gypsum blocks, it is possible to have an average 10%

saving in the use of steel and optimizing construction. Their , light, resistant and refined finish (BRASIL GYPSUM,

there is growing interest in using gypsum blocks for internal especially in cities in Northeast Brazil, on the other, little

is known about its production technology and behaviour, and the studies in Brazil on this subject are still in their early years Pires Sobrinho (2009) claims that internal considered a technological innovation in Brazil, since cases have been recorded in multibuildings (over 12 floors) 10 years old or more in the townBrazil. However, these services were provided without After being used for more than 10 years, gypsum blockin Northeast Brazil, more specifically the States of SOBRINHO, 2009). One of the major restraints againstBrazil is the lack of technicalstandards with regard to gypsum blocks, so that their application is not considered very reliable since there are no parameter The authors of this paper also consider that the distance of Brazilian consumer centres, namely in South and Southeast Brazil, is an impediment to the use of this type of partitioniproducing 1.3 million tonnes a the manufacture of blocks and sheets. Moreover, the fact that the process of production is not considered in conjunction with the other subsystems of buildingmore difficult integration between the activities involved, and very often the improvised and contrary to the manufacturers’ recommendations

Figure 1: Context of partitioninginstallations; b) high waste;

In addition, there is a lack of technological knowpartitioning in multi-floor buildings by various agents involved in the production process: material and component

a)

b)



n about its production technology and behaviour, and the studies in Brazil on this subject are still in their early years (LORDSLEEM JR., 2009).

Pires Sobrinho (2009) claims that internal partitioning with gypsum blocks must not be technological innovation in Brazil, since cases have been recorded in multi

) 10 years old or more in the town of Jaboatão, Pernambuco State, However, these services were provided without a production design.

eing used for more than 10 years, gypsum block partitioning is restricted to the States in Northeast Brazil, more specifically the States of Pernambuco, Ceará and

against disseminating the use of gypsum blocks in other regions of of technical-scientific studies on the subject and the absence of technical

gypsum blocks, so that their application is not considered very reliable since there are no parameters for their quality control (MOURA, 2009).

The authors of this paper also consider that the distance of gypsite deposits from the main Brazilian consumer centres, namely in South and Southeast Brazil, is an impediment to the

this type of partitioning. The gypsum complex in Pernambuco is responsible for a year, or 94% of the national production, 61%

blocks and sheets. Moreover, the fact that the process of is not considered in conjunction with the other subsystems of building

integration between the activities involved, and very often the and contrary to the manufacturers’ recommendations (Figure 1).

partitioning with gypsum blocks: a) non-rational tears in

aste; c) unsuitable finish of rough edges and no expansion joint

there is a lack of technological know-how on the subject andfloor buildings by various agents involved in the

production process: material and component manufacturers, designers, building firm

c)

n about its production technology and behaviour, and the studies in Brazil on this

with gypsum blocks must not be technological innovation in Brazil, since cases have been recorded in multi-floor

, Pernambuco State, n.

is restricted to the States Pernambuco, Ceará and Sergipe (PIRES

gypsum blocks in other regions of scientific studies on the subject and the absence of technical

gypsum blocks, so that their application is not considered very s for their quality control (MOURA, 2009).

ypsite deposits from the main Brazilian consumer centres, namely in South and Southeast Brazil, is an impediment to the

Pernambuco is responsible for 61% of which goes to

blocks and sheets. Moreover, the fact that the process of internal partition is not considered in conjunction with the other subsystems of buildings leads to a

integration between the activities involved, and very often the solutions are 1).

rational tears in unsuitable finish of rough edges and no expansion joint

how on the subject and performance of floor buildings by various agents involved in the gypsum block

, designers, building firms and

production labour, so that its application is not very reliable since no parameters on its quality control are available (CIARLINI et al., 2005; LORDSLEEM JR., 2009; NEVES, 2011). The authors of this paper believe that this situation in the near future may lead to serious problems in the manufacturerin isolated cases and only used to replace the traditional This article, therefore, will describeblocks, describing the partitiontechnology of partitioning and, principally andgypsum block partitioning. OBJECTIVE The prime objective of this paper is to systematise the knowgypsum block partitioning in multistructure. METHODOLOGY The bibliography was examined for characteristics of gypsum block catalogues, articles in national and international journals, institutes and gypsum associations, equipfrom the bibliographic research, it was possible to present the partitioning using gypsum blocks, with execution. The contents herein are part of the dissertation of an author of this article: Neves (2011) – Building method of internal gypsum block partitioning CONSTRUCTION METHODThe building sequence for internal gypsum block partitioning is very similar to that of a brickand block wall. To build internal gypsum block partitioning, the stages listed below must be followed, namely: starting conditions, location of the first row, preparing the surface of the structure to receive the partitions, installing metal rules, marking the first row, raising; top load and final coating. Each of these stages will be addressed below, with emphasis on the recommendations to be followed and the care to be given to the const STARTING CONDITIONS In general, the start of partitioningbeginning the partitioning from the top down, first, in order to prevent the bending fro(ISOMUR, 2007; PIRES SOBRINHO, 2009). Installing internal partitioningcompleted. It is preferable to complete the building’s faframes of the external partitionscompleted (COSTA; INOJOSA, 2007). Moreover, the same aforementioned brecommends that partitioning



roduction labour, so that its application is not very reliable since no parameters on its quality (CIARLINI et al., 2005; LORDSLEEM JR., 2009; NEVES, 2011).

The authors of this paper believe that this situation in the near future may lead to serious problems in the manufacturer-client relationship if gypsum block

only used to replace the traditional brick walls.

describe the building method of internal partitioningpartition techniques in order to help further the knowledge of the

partitioning and, principally and to encourage the development of internal

The prime objective of this paper is to systematise the know-how for the building method of in multi-floor buildings with a reinforced concrete reticular

y was examined for this study to find in the literature executive and technical characteristics of gypsum block partitioning by consulting gypsum block manufacturers’ catalogues, articles in national and international journals, standards, websites of research

and gypsum associations, equipment and tools. From the basic information gleanedthe bibliographic research, it was possible to present the building method for internal

using gypsum blocks, with emphasis on the care required in each stage of The contents herein are part of the dissertation of an author of this article: Neves

Building method of internal gypsum block partitioning.

METHOD ternal gypsum block partitioning is very similar to that of a brick

wall. To build internal gypsum block partitioning, the stages listed below must be followed, namely: starting conditions, location of the first row, preparing the surface of the structure to receive the partitions, installing metal rules, marking the first row, raising; top load and final coating. Each of these stages will be addressed below, with emphasis on the recommendations to be followed and the care to be given to the constructive details.

partitioning using gypsum blocks must be delayed as far as possible,

from the top down, starting on the last floor and concluding on the bending from imposing unintended loading on partitions below

(ISOMUR, 2007; PIRES SOBRINHO, 2009).

partitioning using gypsum blocks must be one of the completed. It is preferable to complete the building’s façade, with waterproofing and all

partitions installed; watertight points of the slabs and roof must also be completed (COSTA; INOJOSA, 2007). Moreover, the same aforementioned brecommends that partitioning not using gypsum blocks and their coating, and

roduction labour, so that its application is not very reliable since no parameters on its quality (CIARLINI et al., 2005; LORDSLEEM JR., 2009; NEVES, 2011).

The authors of this paper believe that this situation in the near future may lead to a rise of client relationship if gypsum block partitioning is built

partitioning using gypsum further the knowledge of the

evelopment of internal

the building method of loor buildings with a reinforced concrete reticular

literature executive and technical by consulting gypsum block manufacturers’

standards, websites of research basic information gleaned

method for internal emphasis on the care required in each stage of

The contents herein are part of the dissertation of an author of this article: Neves

ternal gypsum block partitioning is very similar to that of a brick wall. To build internal gypsum block partitioning, the stages listed below must be

followed, namely: starting conditions, location of the first row, preparing the surface of the structure to receive the partitions, installing metal rules, marking the first row, raising; top load and final coating. Each of these stages will be addressed below, with emphasis on the

ructive details.

using gypsum blocks must be delayed as far as possible, on the last floor and concluding on the

imposing unintended loading on partitions below

the last services to be h waterproofing and all

points of the slabs and roof must also be completed (COSTA; INOJOSA, 2007). Moreover, the same aforementioned bibliography

their coating, and the whole

supposedly heavy component be completed. ISOMUR (2007) stresses that, if it is not possible to delay the start of the service, recommendation is to begin onto be no more than 50% propped, in order to This precaution is also mentioned by Lordsleem Jr. (2000), although specified for

Figure 2: Diagram for start Whenever work begins, the floor to be the necessary material and toolsto the production design (TRABANCO, 2005). LOCATION OF THE FIRS T ROWAfter checking the structure, clean floor and materials and equipment available for completinthe service, the first stage is to locate of partitioning on that floor (TRABANCO, 2005). Partitioning must be built on the floor and wall with the thickness installed as stated in the designline/tracer thread to provide accurate alignment. PREPARING THE STRUCTWALLS TO REC EIVE GYPSUM BLOCK PA1) Contact of gypsum block partitioning/concrete structureIn order to prevent deformation of the concrete structure, different deformations resulting from the building materials or thermal deformations of the faforce on the gypsum block partitionmaterials must be inserted between the partition and structure, standard NF P72 - 202 (AFNOR, 1994) and the recommendations of the ASOCIACIÓN TÉCNICA Y EMPRESARIAL DEL YESO Expansion joints must be installed when building the partitiondifferential or thermal deformations so as not to exert too much force on the parti



(granite, marble or heavy tiles) to be installed

ISOMUR (2007) stresses that, if it is not possible to delay the start of the service, on the top floor without propping the structure and the next floor

to be no more than 50% propped, in order to reduce deformations as far as possible This precaution is also mentioned by Lordsleem Jr. (2000), although specified for

Figure 2: Diagram for starting the service (ISOMUR, 2007)

, the floor to be partitioned must be clean and waste and dirtnecessary material and tools for its partitioning must be available on the floor in addition

to the production design (TRABANCO, 2005).

T ROW After checking the structure, clean floor and materials and equipment available for completin

first stage is to locate the first row of partitioning, namely, thefloor (TRABANCO, 2005).

on the floor and wall with the thickness of the gypsum block to be s stated in the design. Partitioning should be built preferably using

line/tracer thread to provide accurate alignment.

PREPARING THE STRUCTURE’S SURFACE, BRICK AND PLASTERBOARD EIVE GYPSUM BLOCK PA RTITIONING

ck partitioning/concrete structure In order to prevent deformation of the concrete structure, different deformations resulting from the building materials or thermal deformations of the façades from exerting too strong a

psum block partitioning, causing such damage as cracks and chinks, resilient materials must be inserted between the partition and structure, as provided in

202 (AFNOR, 1994) and the recommendations of the ASOCIACIÓN TÉCNICA Y EMPRESARIAL DEL YESO - ATEDY (2009).

t be installed when building the partitioning as a buffermal deformations so as not to exert too much force on the parti

(granite, marble or heavy tiles) to be installed on the floor must

ISOMUR (2007) stresses that, if it is not possible to delay the start of the service, the propping the structure and the next floor

as far as possible (Figure 2). This precaution is also mentioned by Lordsleem Jr. (2000), although specified for brick walls.

the service (ISOMUR, 2007)

waste and dirt-free. All lable on the floor in addition

After checking the structure, clean floor and materials and equipment available for completing , namely, the building stage

gypsum block to be Partitioning should be built preferably using the plumb

AND PLASTERBOARD

In order to prevent deformation of the concrete structure, different deformations resulting ades from exerting too strong a as cracks and chinks, resilient

as provided in the French 202 (AFNOR, 1994) and the recommendations of the ASOCIACIÓN

buffer for the structural, mal deformations so as not to exert too much force on the partition. High-

density polystyrene must be glued on the pillars, beams, walls and the slab The expansion joints must be installed througcontact with the structural elements, as shown in Figure 3. If the design has of more than 15mm, larger thickness of expansion joints must be adopted.

Figure 3: Expansion joint In addition to the expansion joints, anchor devicwith an 8mm diameter bit to a depth of 3the layout of the components for anchoring the partition/structure must be

• partitioning whose height is 2.5mapproximately 70cm from the top and bottom slab

• partitioning whose height is middle of the two slabs.

For horizontal anchoring, the first anchor must be installed 1m away from the vertical structure, and the successive anchors at a distance of no more than 1.

Figure 4: Diagram of anchor distribution (ISOMUR, 2007) For suitable expansion and protecprotected with polyethylene foam. exposed section of the anchor element2) Contact of gypsum block partitioning/If the masonry is untreated, the gypsum block can be fixed with gypsum glue directly onto the brick. However, if the wall is already painteand clean away the dust to obtain



density polystyrene must be glued on the slab, while normal density polystyrene is used on the pillars, beams, walls and the slab base.

The expansion joints must be installed throughout the perimeter of the partitionicontact with the structural elements, as shown in Figure 3. If the design has of more than 15mm, larger thickness of expansion joints must be adopted.

Figure 3: Expansion joint – detail of expanded polystyrene (Source: author)

In addition to the expansion joints, anchor devices must be installed by drilling the struwith an 8mm diameter bit to a depth of 3-5cm. According to ATEDY (2009), the criterion for

mponents for anchoring the partition/structure must be as followswhose height is 2.5m or less: two vertical anchors must be installed,

approximately 70cm from the top and bottom slabs; and ing whose height is 3.5m or less: an extra third anchor must be installed

the two slabs.

For horizontal anchoring, the first anchor must be installed 1m away from the vertical structure, and the successive anchors at a distance of no more than 1.20m (Figure 4).

Figure 4: Diagram of anchor distribution (ISOMUR, 2007)

or suitable expansion and protection of the anchor elements against oxidation, they must be protected with polyethylene foam. The width of the foam must be 20mm and exposed section of the anchor element (Figure 5). 2) Contact of gypsum block partitioning/brick wall If the masonry is untreated, the gypsum block can be fixed with gypsum glue directly onto the brick. However, if the wall is already painted or coated it will be necessary to

dust to obtain stronger anchorage for the gypsum glue, as illustrated in

Concrete pillar

Anchors

Concrete beam

while normal density polystyrene is used on

ut the perimeter of the partitioning, at the contact with the structural elements, as shown in Figure 3. If the design has foreseen bending

detail of expanded polystyrene (Source: author)

s must be installed by drilling the structure 5cm. According to ATEDY (2009), the criterion for

as follows: : two vertical anchors must be installed,

third anchor must be installed in the

For horizontal anchoring, the first anchor must be installed 1m away from the vertical (Figure 4).

Figure 4: Diagram of anchor distribution (ISOMUR, 2007)

tion of the anchor elements against oxidation, they must be The width of the foam must be 20mm and larger than the

If the masonry is untreated, the gypsum block can be fixed with gypsum glue directly onto the d or coated it will be necessary to pare it down

gypsum glue, as illustrated in

Figure 6. A polyester or nylon mesh must be placed in the middle of the contact for the coating using gypsum mass or PVA mass

Figure 5: Anchor protection using polyethylene foam (ROMERAL, 2011)

Figure 6: Remov 3) Contact of gypsum block / plasterboard partitionWhen the gypsum block partitionthe partitioning does not requirehave to be scraped. In any case, a polyester or nylon mesh must be inserted in the middle of the contact with the gypsum or PVA mass. INSTALLING METAL RULMetal rules must be installed vertically, joining the bottom and top lines, checking the plumb and alignment using a bubble level and aluminium rule, respectively, and must be installed with the help of wooden wedges at 90cm intervals MARKING THE FIRST ROIt is important to stress careful cleaning of all blat the edges. If the worker fails to take such care, the dust at the ends will prevent adherence between the block and the gypsum glue. Standard NF P72 - 202 (AFNOR, 1994) recommends that for wet rooms, such as the kitchen and bathrooms, some services are provided, as follows:

• preferably do the first row using water repellent blocks, or• make a concrete, mortar or masonry base of at least 2cm above the finalized floor

level, on which the blocks will be installed



A polyester or nylon mesh must be placed in the middle of the contact for the r PVA mass.


Figure 6: Removing existing coating (ISOLAVA, 2011)

3) Contact of gypsum block / plasterboard partition When the gypsum block partitioning is placed next to the plasterboard wall and is untreated,

ing does not require treatment. If the partitioning is plastered or painted, it will . In any case, a polyester or nylon mesh must be inserted in the middle of

the gypsum or PVA mass.

INSTALLING METAL RUL ES Metal rules must be installed vertically, joining the bottom and top lines, checking the plumb and alignment using a bubble level and aluminium rule, respectively, and must be installed

en wedges at 90cm intervals between them.

MARKING THE FIRST RO W It is important to stress careful cleaning of all blocks, using a plastic brush to remove the dust

the edges. If the worker fails to take such care, the dust at the ends will prevent n the block and the gypsum glue.

202 (AFNOR, 1994) recommends that for wet rooms, such as the kitchen and bathrooms, some services are provided, as follows:

preferably do the first row using water repellent blocks, or e a concrete, mortar or masonry base of at least 2cm above the finalized floor

level, on which the blocks will be installed, or

A polyester or nylon mesh must be placed in the middle of the contact for the


existing coating (ISOLAVA, 2011)

next to the plasterboard wall and is untreated, If the partitioning is plastered or painted, it will

. In any case, a polyester or nylon mesh must be inserted in the middle of

Metal rules must be installed vertically, joining the bottom and top lines, checking the plumb and alignment using a bubble level and aluminium rule, respectively, and must be installed

cks, using a plastic brush to remove the dust the edges. If the worker fails to take such care, the dust at the ends will prevent good

202 (AFNOR, 1994) recommends that for wet rooms, such as the kitchen

e a concrete, mortar or masonry base of at least 2cm above the finalized floor

• use a PVC “U” profile with the same width as the blofrom the floor level, together with a from the “U” profile is admissible for partition

Figure 7 illustrates how to execute the first row blocks in wet areas, by means of a mortar cradle and PVC “U” profile, respectively.

Figure 7: Execution of the first row in Gypsum glue must be applied block (Figure 8), with the male side of the block downward, and cut previously so as to provide greater contact with the expa

Figure 8: Undertaking the first row using water repellent block As instructed by Trabanco (2005), ISOLAVA (2011) and Durlock (2011), after installing the first block, gypsum glue is applied block is put in place, separated from the first by approximately 3cmalready in place, hitting gently with the rubber hammer with the help of a wooden device to prevent damaging the edges of the blocksthe other blocks in the row must be RAISING THE PARTITIONINGThe second row must begin by fixed. Gypsum glue is applied to the top horizontal surface of the first row and side of the block to be put in place. It should be mentioned that the anchors mthe gypsum blocks.



use a PVC “U” profile with the same width as the block thickness and 2cm in height from the floor level, together with a strip of polyethylene foam on topfrom the “U” profile is admissible for partitioning less than 3.50m long

execute the first row blocks in wet areas, by means of a mortar cradle and PVC “U” profile, respectively.

Figure 7: Execution of the first row in wet areas - NF P72 - 202 (AFNOR, 1994)

ypsum glue must be applied to the bottom and side expansion joints and then install the block (Figure 8), with the male side of the block downward, and cut previously so as to

de greater contact with the expansion joint.

Figure 8: Undertaking the first row using water repellent block - blue (Source: author)

As instructed by Trabanco (2005), ISOLAVA (2011) and Durlock (2011), after installing the first block, gypsum glue is applied to the side of the block already installed and the second

, separated from the first by approximately 3cm, to slide it hitting gently with the rubber hammer with the help of a wooden device to

ing the edges of the blocks, to evenly spread the glue between the blocksthe other blocks in the row must be placed in this same way.

PARTITIONING The second row must begin by placing the middle block to ensure that the

Gypsum glue is applied to the top horizontal surface of the first row and side of the It should be mentioned that the anchors must fit into the cavities of

ck thickness and 2cm in height on top. The protection

50m long.

execute the first row blocks in wet areas, by means of a mortar

202 (AFNOR, 1994)

the bottom and side expansion joints and then install the block (Figure 8), with the male side of the block downward, and cut previously so as to

blue (Source: author)

As instructed by Trabanco (2005), ISOLAVA (2011) and Durlock (2011), after installing the the side of the block already installed and the second

to slide it to the block hitting gently with the rubber hammer with the help of a wooden device to

to evenly spread the glue between the blocks. All

to ensure that the partitioning is Gypsum glue is applied to the top horizontal surface of the first row and side of the

fit into the cavities of

The partitioning is raised until the last row, wfrom the expansion joint, in order to fix the partitioning to the structureadvises that while raising the partitionhorizontal joints of the blocks and to removmay use it to fill possible flaws. Blocks smaller than half a block next to the doorways and windows must be avoided and it is important on each row to check the alignment and plumb of trule and plumb bob, respectively TOP LOAD According to the French standard NF P72place in accordance with two different situations, described 1) Top load to only slightly deformable structuresFor the top load when the structure is only slightly deformable, standard NF P 72(AFNOR, 1994) recommends the use of a strip of resilient material withpartition thickness, inserted between the partitioning and the ceilingusing gypsum glue and, depending on the type of ceiling material, the following recommendations must be adopted for good adhe

• Concrete ceiling: gluing is done after cleaning the surface andnecessary;

• Plasterboard ceiling: the surface must be The remaining space between the partition and strip must be filled with a mix of gypsum glue and white glue or polyurethane foam 2) Fixing to deformable structuresWhen the structure is deformable, fixing may be done by filling the space left between the block and the ceiling with po(NF P 72-202 AFNOR, 1994). In any case, in both the above mentioned situations it is necessary to apply a polyester mesh at the level of the fixing, coating the angles with gypsum glue.

Figure 9: Fixing top in deformable structures (NF P 72



raised until the last row, which must be between 20mmin order to fix the partitioning to the structurehe partitioning care must be taken to completely fill the

blocks and to remove excess glue in the joints using a spatula, andmay use it to fill possible flaws.

Blocks smaller than half a block next to the doorways and windows must be avoided and it is each row to check the alignment and plumb of the blocks using an aluminium

plumb bob, respectively (TRABANCO, 2005).

French standard NF P72-202 (AFNOR, 1994) the top two different situations, described in the sequence

only slightly deformable structures when the structure is only slightly deformable, standard NF P 72

(AFNOR, 1994) recommends the use of a strip of resilient material with the sameted between the partitioning and the ceiling. This strip mus

using gypsum glue and, depending on the type of ceiling material, the following recommendations must be adopted for good adherence between the partition

ing is done after cleaning the surface and

Plasterboard ceiling: the surface must be pared down before gluing.

The remaining space between the partition and strip must be filled with a mix of gypsum glue r polyurethane foam.

2) Fixing to deformable structures When the structure is deformable, fixing may be done by filling the space left between the

olyurethane foam, which must be 1-3cm, as shown in 1994).

In any case, in both the above mentioned situations it is necessary to apply a polyester mesh at the level of the fixing, coating the angles with gypsum glue.

Figure 9: Fixing top in deformable structures (NF P 72-202 AFNOR, 1994)

mm and 25mm away in order to fix the partitioning to the structure. Trabanco (2005)

care must be taken to completely fill the vertical and excess glue in the joints using a spatula, and

Blocks smaller than half a block next to the doorways and windows must be avoided and it is he blocks using an aluminium

202 (AFNOR, 1994) the top load can be put in in the sequence.

when the structure is only slightly deformable, standard NF P 72-202 the same width as the

. This strip must be glued using gypsum glue and, depending on the type of ceiling material, the following

n the partitioning and ceiling: paring it down, if

before gluing.

The remaining space between the partition and strip must be filled with a mix of gypsum glue

When the structure is deformable, fixing may be done by filling the space left between the 3cm, as shown in Figure 9

In any case, in both the above mentioned situations it is necessary to apply a polyester mesh at

202 AFNOR, 1994)

FINAL COATING The final coating of the partitioneach block, and must start only after the stability of the partitioning is gypsum must penetrate the joints using a metal planer. to smooth the partitioning at both the horizontal and vertical joints. done some minutes after applying the gypsum or PVA mass insmooth surface. FINAL CONSIDERATIONSCountries such as France and Spain already dominate the gypsum block partitionconstruction technology. Brazil still needs to advance the studies in relation to the construction technology of this service, principally to develop in the process of establishing technical standards, an element of confidence and incentive for its use. The building method described herein must be used with care, and deserves due adjustments as a result of experience and particular aspects of each design, especially when dealing with multi-floor buildings, since this kind of building results in greater deformability of the structure. The object of this paper was to contribute to technological of the art know-how, streamlining construction technology and to form a skilled technicalscientific body to work in the area of internal gypsum block part BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFEREASOCIACIÓN TÉCNICA Y EMPRESARIAL DEL YESO. Manual de ejecución de tabiques con paneles de yeso o escayola. 17 Dec 2009. ASSOCIATION FRANÇAISE DE NORMALISATION. AFNOR verticaux de plâterie ne nécessitant pás l’application d’un enduit au plâtre cloisons en carreaux de plâtre. BRAZILIAN GYPSUM. Vantagens dos blocos de geswww.braziliangypsum.com/vantagens.asp>. Access: 02 Apr 2009. CIARLINI, A.G.C.; PINTO, D.C.; OSÓRIO, A.P. Gesso: tecnologia que reduz cargas e custos na construção civil. In: ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE ENGENHARIA DE PRODUÇÃO, 2005, São Paulo. Anais. Salvador, ABEPRO, 2005. COSTA, A.M.; INOJOSA, A.C. Alvenaria em blocos de gesso: sistema construtivo Gypway. SINDUSGESSO, 2007. DURLOCK. Muroplac. Available at: http://www.durlock.com/esp/biblioteca/muroplac.pdf. Access: 20 Aug 2011.



The final coating of the partitioning uses gypsum mass or PVA mass in the joints between start only after the stability of the partitioning is

gypsum must penetrate the joints using a metal planer. Next, the surplus must be scraped off to smooth the partitioning at both the horizontal and vertical joints. This scraping must be done some minutes after applying the gypsum or PVA mass in order to obtain a perfectly

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS Countries such as France and Spain already dominate the gypsum block partition

technology. Brazil still needs to advance the studies in relation to the gy of this service, principally to develop in the process of establishing

technical standards, an element of confidence and incentive for its use.

The building method described herein must be used with care, and deserves due adjustments erience and particular aspects of each design, especially when dealing with

floor buildings, since this kind of building results in greater deformability of the

of this paper was to contribute to technological upgrade by dissemhow, streamlining construction technology and to form a skilled technical

scientific body to work in the area of internal gypsum block partitioning.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERE NCES ASOCIACIÓN TÉCNICA Y EMPRESARIAL DEL YESO. Manual de ejecución de tabiques con paneles de yeso o escayola. Available at: <http://www.atedy.es/buscarPub.asp>. Access:

ASSOCIATION FRANÇAISE DE NORMALISATION. AFNOR – NF P 72 verticaux de plâterie ne nécessitant pás l’application d’un enduit au plâtre cloisons en carreaux de plâtre. Paris, 1994.

BRAZILIAN GYPSUM. Vantagens dos blocos de gesso. Available at <http:// www.braziliangypsum.com/vantagens.asp>. Access: 02 Apr 2009.

CIARLINI, A.G.C.; PINTO, D.C.; OSÓRIO, A.P. Gesso: tecnologia que reduz cargas e custos na construção civil. In: ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE ENGENHARIA DE

Paulo. Anais. Salvador, ABEPRO, 2005.

COSTA, A.M.; INOJOSA, A.C. Alvenaria em blocos de gesso: sistema construtivo Gypway.

Available at: http://www.durlock.com/esp/biblioteca/muroplac.pdf.

uses gypsum mass or PVA mass in the joints between start only after the stability of the partitioning is guaranteed. The

Next, the surplus must be scraped off This scraping must be

order to obtain a perfectly

Countries such as France and Spain already dominate the gypsum block partitioning technology. Brazil still needs to advance the studies in relation to the

gy of this service, principally to develop in the process of establishing

The building method described herein must be used with care, and deserves due adjustments erience and particular aspects of each design, especially when dealing with

floor buildings, since this kind of building results in greater deformability of the

by disseminating the state how, streamlining construction technology and to form a skilled technical-

ASOCIACIÓN TÉCNICA Y EMPRESARIAL DEL YESO. Manual de ejecución de tabiques Available at: <http://www.atedy.es/buscarPub.asp>. Access:

NF P 72 – 202: Ouvrages verticaux de plâterie ne nécessitant pás l’application d’un enduit au plâtre – Exécution des

Available at <http://

CIARLINI, A.G.C.; PINTO, D.C.; OSÓRIO, A.P. Gesso: tecnologia que reduz cargas e custos na construção civil. In: ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE ENGENHARIA DE

COSTA, A.M.; INOJOSA, A.C. Alvenaria em blocos de gesso: sistema construtivo Gypway.

Available at: http://www.durlock.com/esp/biblioteca/muroplac.pdf.

ISOLAVA. Conseils illustrés d’isolava bien fait. Available at: <http://www.isolava.be/download/fr%20blocsdepl% C3%A2tre.pdf>. Access: 20 Aug 2011. ISOLAVA. Blocs de plâtre. Available at: <http://www.isolavApr 2009. ISOMUR. Tabique solido. Manual Técnico. Santiago, 2007. LORDSLEEM JR., A.C. Método construtivo de vedação vertical interna com blocos de gesso. Projeto de pesquisa. FACEPE, Recife, 2009. LORDSLEEM JR., A.C. Execução e inspeção de alvenaria racionalizada. São Paulo: O Nome da Rosa, 2000. 104 p. MOURA, F. Bloco de gesso na construção civil. University of Sergipe. São Cristovão, 2009. NEVES, M.L.R. Método construtivo de vedDissertation (Master’s) – Universi PIRES SOBRINHO, C.W.A. Vedações verticais em alvenaria de blocos de gesso para estruturas aporticadas de concreto armado. Documento Técnico ROCHA, C. O gesso na indústria da construção civil: considerações econômicas sobre a utilização de blocos de gesso. Pernambuco, Recife, 2007. ROMERAL. Sistema isomur. Access: 21 Jul 2011. SUPERGESSO. Superbloco: paredes divisórias inteligentes.<http://www.supergesso.com/superbloco.asp>. TRABANCO, P.C. Control de ejecución de tabiquerías y ce2005.



VA. Conseils illustrés d’isolava – guide de mise en oeuvre: carreaux de plâtre: vite et Available at: <http://www.isolava.be/download/fr%20blocsdepl% C3%A2tre.pdf>.

Available at: <http://www.isolava.be/fr/idis008.htm>.

ISOMUR. Tabique solido. Manual Técnico. Santiago, 2007.

LORDSLEEM JR., A.C. Método construtivo de vedação vertical interna com blocos de gesso. Projeto de pesquisa. FACEPE, Recife, 2009.

cução e inspeção de alvenaria racionalizada. São Paulo: O Nome

MOURA, F. Bloco de gesso na construção civil. 43pp. Dissertation (Master’s) São Cristovão, 2009.

NEVES, M.L.R. Método construtivo de vedação vertical interna com blocos de gesso. 150 p. University of Pernambuco. Recife, 2011.

PIRES SOBRINHO, C.W.A. Vedações verticais em alvenaria de blocos de gesso para estruturas aporticadas de concreto armado. Documento Técnico. Recife, 2009.

ROCHA, C. O gesso na indústria da construção civil: considerações econômicas sobre a utilização de blocos de gesso. 103 p. Dissertation (Master’s) - Federal University of

ROMERAL. Sistema isomur. Available at: <http://www.romeral.cl/sistemas.php?id=1>.

SUPERGESSO. Superbloco: paredes divisórias inteligentes. <http://www.supergesso.com/superbloco.asp>. Access: 17 Dec 2008.

TRABANCO, P.C. Control de ejecución de tabiquerías y cerramientos. Valladolid: Lex Nova,

guide de mise en oeuvre: carreaux de plâtre: vite et Available at: <http://www.isolava.be/download/fr%20blocsdepl% C3%A2tre.pdf>.

a.be/fr/idis008.htm>. Access: 17

LORDSLEEM JR., A.C. Método construtivo de vedação vertical interna com blocos de

cução e inspeção de alvenaria racionalizada. São Paulo: O Nome

p. Dissertation (Master’s) - Federal

ação vertical interna com blocos de gesso. 150 p.

PIRES SOBRINHO, C.W.A. Vedações verticais em alvenaria de blocos de gesso para . Recife, 2009.

ROCHA, C. O gesso na indústria da construção civil: considerações econômicas sobre a Federal University of

http://www.romeral.cl/sistemas.php?id=1>.

Available at:

rramientos. Valladolid: Lex Nova,

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