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Assignment Title.CONSTRUCTION OF FISH POND

Submitted To:Mousumi DasLecturer,Department of AquacultureFaculty of Fisheries. Submitted By:

Level: IIITerm: Summer’14

Name Reg. No.

Md. Afzal Hossain 12-05-2853Md. Rayhanur Rahman 12-05-2854

Sulav Indra Paul 12-05-2860Doly Sultana 12-05-2861

Khandakar Tahmida Tafhim 12-05-2862Imran Nagar 12-05-2864

Course title: Aquaculture Engineering

Course code: AQC 302

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University

Salna, Gazipur-1706

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Introduction:Pond is an earthen embankment.

Pond is used for (growing fish, rearing fish, Spawning, Breeding).

Average depth 1.2 mWater

Figure: A Pond

4Figure: A complete pond.

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Types Of Pond For Fish Culture

There are 6 types of pond. These are-

a. Nursery Pondb. Rearing Pondc. Stocking Pondd. Marketing P0nde. Brood Stock Pondf. Quarantine Pond

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Short Description.a. Nursery Pond: The smallest and

shallowest of ponds for fish culture is a nursery pond. This is about 0.02-0.05 ha. The water is about 1 m deep.

b. Rearing Pond: A rearing pond is larger than a nursery pond. It is 0.08-0.2 ha. The water is about 1.5-2.0 m deep. Nursery and rearing ponds can be seasonal.

Fig.: Nursery Pond

Fig.: Rearing Pond

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c. Stocking Pond: A stocking pond is much larger, often 0.2-2.0 ha. It should be 2.0-3.5 m deep. This pond might be perennial or seasonal.

d. Marketing Pond: • A marketing pond, which is small but quite

deep. • These ponds can be 0.05-0.10 ha in size with

a water level of 3-4 m in summer.• Used to keep fish caught from a stocking pond

for sale.

Fig. Stocking pond.

Fig. Marketing pond

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e. Brood Stock Pond: Brood stock ponds (0.2-0.4 ha) are perennial and have a water depth of 2 m in the summer.

f. Quarantine Pond: i. Small (0.02 ha) but perennial (1.5 m deep)

quarantine pond for a time to verify that they are not infected.

ii. This pond is used to treat diseased fish from other ponds.

Fig. Brood stock pond.

Fig. Quarantine pond.

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Selection Of A Suitable Site For Pond Construction

Importance Of Site Selection:

Good site selection is a pre-requisite in pond construction. Improper site selection may lead to:

I. Difficulties in holding water in the pond.II. High seepage.III.Dike erosion.IV.Low productivity of the pondV. Inability to drain water completely, andVI.Difficulties in harvesting.

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Factors Of Site Selection

A. Space Availability And Topography:

Space of 200 m2 to construct a pond. Better to select flat land with a slight gradient. Sites with slight gradients (0.5 to 3 percent is better) Avoid areas with large undulations and rocks and with large

trees.

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B. Water Supply And Water Quality:Water Supply:

The source of water should have adequate amount of water

Streams, large rivers, small rivers, lakes and reservoirs can be used.

Water Quality:

Temperature (25 to 300 C) Dissolved oxygen (5-9ppm) pH (6.5-8.5)

Factors Of Site Selection

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Factors Of Site SelectionC. Soil Quality:

Physical quality:Pond soil should have enough clay to hold water 100% clay may crack pond dike for exposing sunlight

Chemical quality:Pond soil should not be acidic. Acidic-soils make the pond water acidic.Acidic-water retards growth of fish Acidic water causes stress situation & disease.

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Kinds of a Fish Pond

Two kinds of pond may found:

1. Series Pond: Cost effective, Easily maintain.2. Parallel Pond: Difficult to maintain, Contamination occur.

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Series Pond

Parallel Pond

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Front SideBack Side

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Align Pond Direction• Strong wind generates waves and the waves break on the dikes • It will to erode the sides of the dikes.

Figure: Selection of Pond Site( By Using Compass)

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Design Of Pond Bottom Pond bottom should be flat and sloping towards the outlet or

drainage gate with a gentle gradient. Keep a gentle slope of the pond bottom of about 0.5% to 1.0%

from the water inlet to water outlet. The canals or ditches should be 0.25 - 0.5 m X 0.25 – 0.5 m.

Fig. Pond Bottom.

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Pond DikesAny pond dike should have three basic qualities.

1. Able to resist the water pressure.2. It should be impervious, the water seepage through the dike

being kept to a minimum.3. High enough to keep the pond water from ever running over

its top.

Figure: Dike

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Figure: Pond Dike

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Figure: An ideal pond

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Impermeability Of Dike

Using good soil that contains enough clay Building a central clayey core when using pervious soil material; Applying good construction practices

Figure; Impermeability of dike.

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Choosing The Right Height of Dike

The freeboard should never be under water. It varies from 0.25 cm for very small diversion ponds to 1 m for barrage ponds.

Free Board

Water depth

Figure: Pond Dike Height.

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Foundations Of Pond Dike

The foundations of the dike should be prepared. This may include:

Treating the surface of the foundations; Excavating and backfilling the cut-off trench; Excavating and backfilling an existing stream channel.

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Protection Of Dike Against Soil Erosion

Dikes should be protected against erosion by planting or seeding a grass.

Using temporary protection from rain, such as hay or other suitable materials.

Should not plant large trees on or near dikes. Root may destroy pond dike.

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OutletOutlet is making for the complete draining of the pond and harvesting of the fish

whenever necessary.

There are four main types,a. Simple cuts through the dikeb. Simple pipelines and siphonsc. Sluices gated. Monks

Figure: Sluices gate

Fig: Simple Drain

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Figure: Pond Outlet

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Functions Of Outlet A means for getting the water to the outside of the pond.

Water can be drained from the top, bottom or intermediate levels of the pond;

Any reasonable excess of water is carried away;

The outlet can be easily cleaned and serviced;

The construction cost and maintenance are relatively low..

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Water Transport System

The most common structure is the open canal, which we will consider in detail first. Then we will look at other common structures, including:

Simple aqueducts to transport water above ground level Short pipelines to transport water above or under another structure

such as a water canal or an access road Simple siphons to transport water over an obstacle such as a pond dike

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Pond-bottom Drains

Pond-bottom drains are ditches that are dug on the bottom of the pond to help the water flow out and to direct the fish toward the pond outlet when harvesting.

However, it is better to build bottom drains:

When the bottom slope is insufficient; In large ponds more than 75 m long; In barrage ponds with an uneven bottom relief.

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Recommendation

Pond is the basic thing for aquaculture. Successful aquaculture depends on good pond

construction . We need to construct pond properly for better

profit.

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