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Construction Construction ManagementManagement
City Ordinance Landscaping & Tree Preservation
Chad HerwaldChad HerwaldCity ArboristCity ArboristColumbia, MOColumbia, [email protected]@gocolumbiamo.com
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City OrdinanceCity Ordinance
Sec. 29-25Sec. 29-25 Chapter 12-AChapter 12-A
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29-2529-25Screening & Landscaping Screening & Landscaping
RequirementsRequirements Purpose is to establish healthy Purpose is to establish healthy
environmental conditions environmental conditions Provide visual buffering from streetsProvide visual buffering from streets Encourage PreservationEncourage Preservation
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Sec 29-25 (c-d)Sec 29-25 (c-d)
Private & Public land located w/in City Private & Public land located w/in City LimitsLimits
Must have a Landscape PlanMust have a Landscape Plan Minimum of 15% of total land area of the Minimum of 15% of total land area of the
tract, parcel, or lot shall be landscapedtract, parcel, or lot shall be landscaped Follow Chapter 12-AFollow Chapter 12-A
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29-25 (e)(1-8)29-25 (e)(1-8)Parking lots & ScreeningParking lots & Screening 50’ Paved area w/in 20’ of St. ROW shall 50’ Paved area w/in 20’ of St. ROW shall
have 6’ St. yard landscaping striphave 6’ St. yard landscaping strip Shall contain at least 4 categories from Shall contain at least 4 categories from
(F)(F) Shall contain at least 1 tree per 50’ of Shall contain at least 1 tree per 50’ of
street frontagestreet frontage At least 30% of trees shall be M/L varietyAt least 30% of trees shall be M/L variety
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Parking lotParking lot
No parking areas containing more than No parking areas containing more than 150 spaces w/o 10’ landscaped divider150 spaces w/o 10’ landscaped divider
Landscape strip shall contain 4 Landscape strip shall contain 4 categories from (F)categories from (F)
1 tree/ 50 linear ft1 tree/ 50 linear ft No less than 50% of St. frontage forming No less than 50% of St. frontage forming
the perimeter shall have screening the perimeter shall have screening material material
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Parking lotParking lot
Paved areas greater than 4,500 sq.ft. Paved areas greater than 4,500 sq.ft. shall contain 1 tree per 4,500 sq.ft.shall contain 1 tree per 4,500 sq.ft.
Trees are to be in a configuration that Trees are to be in a configuration that shades the lotshades the lot
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Screening MaterialScreening Material
LandscapingLandscaping WallsWalls BermsBerms FencesFences Screening must be 3’ above the grade of Screening must be 3’ above the grade of
the parking lotthe parking lot Other City Ordinances have specific Other City Ordinances have specific
details that must be followeddetails that must be followed
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Screening Parking LotScreening Parking Lot
Paved area of 1,500 Sq.ft. w/in 50’ of Paved area of 1,500 Sq.ft. w/in 50’ of residential zoningresidential zoning
And not separated by a streetAnd not separated by a street Shall have screening and at least 80% Shall have screening and at least 80%
opacity, viewed horizontally, between 1-5 opacity, viewed horizontally, between 1-5 above gradeabove grade
4 growing seasons if using plant material4 growing seasons if using plant material
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Installation, Installation, Maintenance, and Maintenance, and
EnforcementEnforcement Deviations from approved plan shall be Deviations from approved plan shall be
corrected or new plan submittedcorrected or new plan submitted Comply with 12-AComply with 12-A Replacement of dead, insect or disease Replacement of dead, insect or disease
damaged trees by next planting seasondamaged trees by next planting season 170 sq.ft for trees170 sq.ft for trees 75 sq.ft. for shrubs75 sq.ft. for shrubs Existing trees maybe used if properly Existing trees maybe used if properly
protected!protected!
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12-A12-ATree PreservationTree Preservation
No mechanized tree clearing on tracts large No mechanized tree clearing on tracts large than 1 ac w/o land dist. Permitthan 1 ac w/o land dist. Permit
Minimum of 25% of Climax Forest is perservedMinimum of 25% of Climax Forest is perserved A landscape plan demonstrating complianceA landscape plan demonstrating compliance 18 month survival on trees to remain18 month survival on trees to remain 6 months to replant dead ones on a 1:1 basis6 months to replant dead ones on a 1:1 basis
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Existing TreesExisting Trees
4” DBH4” DBH Wooded lots bring value to lotsWooded lots bring value to lots Certified Arborist should be involved at Certified Arborist should be involved at
the planning and design stagethe planning and design stage Construction damage causes decline and Construction damage causes decline and
death to urban treesdeath to urban trees Damaged trees may not show symptoms Damaged trees may not show symptoms
until 3-6 yrs lateruntil 3-6 yrs later
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Construction Construction Management Management
How Trees are DamagedHow Trees are Damaged Function & Location of tree rootsFunction & Location of tree roots Construction ImpactsConstruction Impacts Tree Protection Zone & TechniquesTree Protection Zone & Techniques
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Have A Plan orHave A Plan or
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PlanPlan
Site EvaluationSite Evaluation GIS & GPSGIS & GPS Add it to a layerAdd it to a layer
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Construction ImpactConstruction Impact
SunlightSunlight OxygenOxygen Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide Soil texture (sand, Soil texture (sand,
silt or clay)silt or clay) TemperatureTemperature
Available WaterAvailable Water Available NutrientsAvailable Nutrients Soil structure Soil structure Available spaceAvailable space
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How Construction How Construction Damages Trees Damages Trees
Physical InjuriesPhysical Injuries Root DamageRoot Damage New ExposuresNew Exposures Compaction Compaction Grade ChangeGrade Change
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Physical InjuryPhysical Injury
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Physical InjuryPhysical Injury
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Damage to vascular tissuesDamage to vascular tissues But trees heal…don’t they?But trees heal…don’t they? Mortality spiral…againMortality spiral…again
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Root DamageRoot Damage
Of all damages this is the most seriousOf all damages this is the most serious Damaging roots can spread a distance Damaging roots can spread a distance
greater than one tree.greater than one tree.
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Root DamageRoot Damage
Severing 1 root can remove 15 to Severing 1 root can remove 15 to 25% of root system25% of root system
Root loss may increase potential for Root loss may increase potential for tree failuretree failure
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The Root of itThe Root of it
90-95% of trees root system is in the top 90-95% of trees root system is in the top 3’ of soil.3’ of soil.
Over half is in the top 1’Over half is in the top 1’ They can extend up 3x the drip lineThey can extend up 3x the drip line They grow best with oxygen, water, and They grow best with oxygen, water, and
nutrients.nutrients. Most absorption is done by fine rootsMost absorption is done by fine roots
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Root DamageRoot Damage
Root injury may show decline in a Root injury may show decline in a few months or several yearsfew months or several years
The mortality spiral?The mortality spiral? Common symptoms: yellowing or Common symptoms: yellowing or
early fall color, watersprouts, early fall color, watersprouts, dieback of small twigs and dieback of small twigs and eventually major brancheseventually major branches
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How Roots are DamagedHow Roots are Damaged
CuttingCutting Smothering Smothering ExposingExposing CompactionCompaction
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SmotheringSmothering
Adding as little as 2” of soil can restrict Adding as little as 2” of soil can restrict proper amount of water and oxygen to proper amount of water and oxygen to tree roots.tree roots.
Removing as little as 2” can remove Removing as little as 2” can remove many important roots.many important roots.
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Smothering RootsSmothering Roots
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Cutting & ExposingCutting & Exposing
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Cutting & Exposing Cutting & Exposing
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Cutting & ExposingCutting & Exposing
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CuttingCutting
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CompactionCompaction
The compressing of soil particles to limit The compressing of soil particles to limit the movement of oxygen, water, and the movement of oxygen, water, and nutrientsnutrients
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Prevention & ProtectionPrevention & Protection
To prevent construction damage one To prevent construction damage one needs to know tree physiology.needs to know tree physiology.
One should know the components One should know the components needed for tree health.needed for tree health.
Know your Tree Species & Know your Tree Species & CharacteristicsCharacteristics
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PreventionPrevention
Tree IslandTree Island [soil or landscape [soil or landscape surrounding a tree, such as within a surrounding a tree, such as within a paved area]paved area]
Similar to terracingSimilar to terracing Excellent for retaining small grovesExcellent for retaining small groves
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PreventionPrevention
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ProtectionProtection
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Create a Travel RouteCreate a Travel Route
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Treatments for Stressed Trees After Construction:
Water Aerate Fertilize (careful!) Mulch Prune Dead Limbs Thin Crown Remove Cambistat
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AerationAeration
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Radial TrenchesRadial Trenches
[means of aerating the soil in the root [means of aerating the soil in the root zone of a tree by removing and zone of a tree by removing and replacing soil in a spoke-like pattern]replacing soil in a spoke-like pattern]
Mechanical trenchers should not Mechanical trenchers should not operate within 4-8’ of trunkoperate within 4-8’ of trunk
Trench at least to dripline; 1’ depthTrench at least to dripline; 1’ depth
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Air excavator Air excavator [device that blows [device that blows air at high force; air at high force; used to remove used to remove soil from the root soil from the root zone of trees]zone of trees]
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Fertilizer & ChemicalsFertilizer & Chemicals
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When to Prune or When to Prune or RemoveRemove
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Chad HerwaldChad HerwaldCity ArboristCity ArboristColumbia, MOColumbia, [email protected]@gocolumbiamo.com