CD Summer 2020

IND 5427

Construction Documents Interior Architecture

Quiz 1 Partitions

Study Guide

FIU, INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE | IND 5427 CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS 1 l INSTRUCTOR ESPERANZA MUIÑO 1

D e f i n i t i o n s

Wall Is a vital component of the building whose function is to divide the space of the building. Generally, the width of a wall exceeds four times its thickness. There are basically two types of walls – load bearing and non-load bearing walls. Load-bearing walls are those which can support and carry superimposed loads in addition to their own weight whereas non-load bearing walls are those which can carry and support their own weight only. Partition Wall A partition wall is a usually thin wall that is used to separate or divide a room, primarily a pre-existing one. Partition walls are usually not load-bearing, and can be constructed out of many materials, including steel panels, bricks, cloth, plastic, plasterboard, wood, blocks of clay, terracotta, concrete, and glass. Advantages of partition walls

Divide the whole area into a number of rooms. Provide privacy to the inmates from sight and sound. Are light in weight and cheaper in cost of construction. Occupy lesser area Easily constructed in any position.

Requirements of a Good Partition Wall

Thin in cross-section so that maximum floor area can be utilized. Provide adequate privacy in rooms both in respect of sight and sound. Constructed from light, sound, uniform, homogeneous, durable and sound insulated materials. Simple in nature, easy and economical in construction having proper coherence with the type of

building structure. Offer sufficient resistance against fire, heat, dampness, white ant or fungus, etc. Rigid enough to take the vibrations caused due to loads. Strong enough to support sanitary fittings and heavy fixtures.

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Frame Partition walls can be solid, typically constructed from brick or blockwork, or can be a framed construction. Framed partition walls are sometimes referred to as stud walls, and can be constructed from a timber, steel or aluminum frames clad with boarding such as plasterboard, timber, metal or fiberboard. Partition walls may also be glazed. They may be purpose-designed and constructed or may be modular systems, and can incorporate openings, windows, doors, ducting, pipework, sockets, wiring, skirting, architraves and so on. Frame constructions may include insulation to prevent the passage of sound or fire between adjacent spaces. It is important therefore that the top and bottom of the wall are properly sealed against the floor and ceiling, and where a raised floor or suspended ceiling is present, it is important to consider the potential for ‘flanking’ through the voids above and below. As they are non-load bearing, partition walls can provide good flexibility, particularly if they are lightweight, framed systems, as wall positions can be changed relatively easily and inexpensively without impacting on the

CD Summer 2020

IND 5427

Construction Documents Interior Architecture

Quiz 1 Partitions

Study Guide

FIU, INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE | IND 5427 CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS 1 l INSTRUCTOR ESPERANZA MUIÑO 2

overall structure of a building. Depending on the nature of the construction, it may be possible to re-use some, or all of the components of the wall in a different location. Partition Kicker A kicker is a supplementary brace, typically installed at angle that lends support to a partition wall. For example to provide stability to a partition extends 4 in (100 mm) above a suspended acoustical ceiling and is 2 ft (600 mm) below the structural slab above, the partition detail should show a Kicker. Types

Gypsum Wallboard Lath and Plaster Lime plaster Glass-Reinforce Gypsum Masonry Glass Block Demountable Movable

G y p s u m W a l l b o a r d P a r t i t i o n s P a g . 1 - 1 1 o n t h e b o o k

Gypsum Wallboard Partition

Is the MOST common and most versatile of all partition types. Is the MOST cost-effective construction element for defining a space.

Gypsum Wallboard Fire-rated Also called Type X fire rated gypsum drywall Is 5/8 -inch thick and installed on each side of nominal 2-inch x 4-inch wood studs Or 5/8 -inch thick 3-5/8 inch steel studs Has a minimum fire rating for the assembly of 1 hour, which is a typical requirement for many

building codes. Example: 5/8” Type X gypsum wallboard on 3-5/8” metal studs should be used to enclose a 1-

hour rated corridor. Some Wallboard Accessories L bead Wallboard Which is used along the edge of a raised panel of wallboard. They are used to trim exposed edges of wallboard or where a smooth, straight edge is needed. Metal Corner bead Wallboard Used on corners. Would have equal angles.

CD Summer 2020

IND 5427

Construction Documents Interior Architecture

Quiz 1 Partitions

Study Guide

FIU, INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE | IND 5427 CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS 1 l INSTRUCTOR ESPERANZA MUIÑO 3

Expansion joint Wallboard Designed to relieve stress in wall and ceiling areas where excessive horizontal and vertical movements might occur.

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1. Standard wood frame Partition 2. Standard Floor-to-Ceiling Steel Stud Partition 3. One-Hour-Rated Slab-to-Slab Partition 4. Two-Hour –Rated Partition 5. Chase wall/partition 6. Acoustical Partition

1.Standard wood frame Partition Used in residential construction 2. Standard Floor-to-Ceiling Steel Stud Partition Non-rated partitions used in commercial constructions. 3.One-Hour-Rated Slab-to-Slab Partition Used in commercial constructions. Commonly used to separate an exit corridor from adjacent spaces and when the building code requires a 1-hour separation. Ex. In a commercial building, a partition constructed from the floor to the underside of the structure above is most likely to be separating a corridor from an office. 4.Two-Hour –Rated Partition They are required around vertical enclosures, such stairways. Building codes typically require that a structure's walls, some partitions, floors and roof be fire resistant in accordance with standards set forth by the International Building Code (IBC). Fire resistant walls/partitions are designed to contain a fire to a room or building for a designated time period. The wall's rating indicates how long it can keep a fire from spreading. 5. Chase walls/Partitions Are typically comprised of a double row of framing studs, providing extra depth of wall that serves as a vertical and horizontal shaft for plumbing and other service installations.

CD Summer 2020

IND 5427

Construction Documents Interior Architecture

Quiz 1 Partitions

Study Guide

FIU, INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE | IND 5427 CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS 1 l INSTRUCTOR ESPERANZA MUIÑO 4

6. Acoustical Partitions Acoustic partitions have the capacity to reduce sound transmission. There are many acoustical partitions designs available the right choice depends on the degree of sound reduction desire. When detailing a partition and to improve the acoustical properties of a partition, the interior designer may specify a resilient channel. A resilient channel allows the gypsum wallboard attached to it to “bounce” when strikes sound it and minimizes the transmission of sound through the partition. The ability of a wall/partition or floor/ceiling assembly to reduce the sound energy passing from one space through a partition and into an adjoining space is described in one of two ways:

For Wall Systems – The effectiveness of the assembly to inhibit “airborne” noise vibrations from passing through the wall is identified as its Sound Transmission Class (STC).

Floor/Ceiling Systems – The ability of a floor/ceiling system to inhibit the sound of footsteps and

other floor “impacts” from passing through the assembly into the space below is called its Impact Isolation Class (IIC).

In both cases, the higher the value the better the sound isolation performance. Extra layers of wallboard, batt insulation and resilient channels are elements desirable for a good acoustical partition with a high STC (Sound Transmission Class) rating. Some other elements as plaster veneer would do little to improve the sound transmission loss except to add a little mass, which would not be worth the expense. Assuming that all joints and penetrations are sealed, some of the components or techniques that are used in a detail to provide good sound transmission in a partition are: A double layer of drywall adds mass. Batt insulation deadens sound within the stud cavity, and a full barrier from slab to slab is always required for a good acoustic partition. The type of stud used makes very little difference and furring is not needed.

I m p o r t a n t A c o u s t i c R a t i n g S y s t e m P a g . 1 - 2 4

STC (sound transmission class) is a numerical rating that indicates the transmission of sound through

construction materials. The higher the STC rating, the better the material is at stopping sound from transmitting through it.

Coefficient of absorption measures the amount of absorption or reflection of sound by a ratio system. A coefficient of 0.20 and higher is absorptive while 0.19 and lower is considered reflective.

CD Summer 2020

IND 5427

Construction Documents Interior Architecture

Quiz 1 Partitions

Study Guide

FIU, INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE | IND 5427 CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS 1 l INSTRUCTOR ESPERANZA MUIÑO 5

SAA (sound absorption average) is published in most product literature that offers acoustic ratings. The lower the SAA value, the more reflective the material is (0.0 = no absorption). A higher SAA value indicates a more absorptive material (1.0 = total absorption).

P a r t i t i o n S p e c i f i c a t i o n

Remember that as an Interior architects we are not responsible for the structure of the building. This means that we cannot touch load-bearing walls that are those which can support and carry superimposed loads in addition to their own weight. So if a client wants to remove part of a partition that the interior designer thinks may be a bearing wall we need an architect or structural engineer to review the situation and make a recommendation. The specification of partition walls will depend on the requirements for weight, cost, speed of installation, availability of materials, longevity, durability, flexibility, ease of reconfiguration, sound and fire insulation and surface finish. They may also be required to a perform a secondary structural role, for example supporting cupboards or shelving. IMPORTANT this is a very condensed Study Guide! The intention of this Study Guide is to help you understand some basics of the class material & lectures so that you can increase your comprehension and memorize important information for your exam. In addition, it can help you to see related concepts and make meaningful connections with the material. Remember that this information is just to help you organize the information for your Exam! Do not limit yourself to the information in this guide, consider taking into account all the information presented, especially the graphically information that appears in each lecture.

Your knowledge of construction documents is key to your success on the NCIDQ Exam and as a professional interior designer.