Construction Carpentry and Joinery Techniques

Skills for Work:Construction Crafts

Intermediate 1

Carpentry and Joinery Techniques

Support Material

November 2005Scottish Further Education Unit

Construction Crafts: Carpentry and Joinery Techniques – Intermediate 1

Scottish Further Education Unit 3

Acknowledgements SFEU is grateful to the subject specialists in Scotland’s Colleges and other agencies and industry bodies who have been involved in the writing of this and other support materials in the Skills for Work series. SFEU is grateful to the subject specialists in Scotland’s Colleges and other agencies and industry bodies who have been involved in the writing of this and other support materials in the Skills for Work series. SFEU is also grateful for the contribution of the Scottish Qualifications Authority in the compilation of these materials, specifically, for its permission to reproduce extracts from Course and Unit Specifications, and the Skills for Work Rationale, and material originally produced for the Scottish Progression Award in Construction. © Scottish Further Education Unit 2005



Construction Crafts: Carpentry and Joinery Techniques DM82 10 Introduction These notes are provided to support teachers and lecturers presenting the Scottish Qualifications Authority Unit DM82 10, Construction Crafts: Carpentry and Joinery Techniques. Copyright for this pack is held by the Scottish Further Education Unit (SFEU). However, teachers and lecturers have permission to use the pack and reproduce items from the pack provided that this is to support teaching and learning processes and that no profit is made from such use. If reproduced in part, the source should be acknowledged. Enquiries relating to this Support Pack or issues relating to copyright should be addressed to: Information and Publications Co-ordinator The Scottish Further Education Unit Argyll Court Castle Business Park Stirling FK9 4TY Website: www.sfeu.ac.uk Further information regarding this Unit including Unit Specification, National Assessment Bank materials, Centre Approval and certification can be obtained from: The Scottish Qualifications Authority Hanover House 24 Douglas Street Glasgow G2 7NQ Website: www.sqa.org.uk Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this Support Pack, teachers and lecturers should satisfy themselves that the information passed to candidates is accurate and in accordance with the current SQA arrangements documents. SFEU will accept no responsibility for any consequences deriving either directly or indirectly from the use of this Pack.



Contents

What are Skills for Work Courses all about? 7

The Course in Construction Crafts (Intermediate 1) 10

Unit Specification: statement of standards 12

Tutor notes 16

Introduction 16

Carpentry and joinery – an introduction 17

Prefabricated structures 18

Basic carpentry and joinery terms 18

Carpentry and joinery – health and safety 24

Carpentry and joinery tools 25

Materials used for constructing timber structures 27

Setting out and measuring timber structures 28

Erecting a prefabricated structure 29

Carpentry and joinery techniques and “tricks of the trade” 31

Carpentry and joinery standards and tolerances 32

Standards 32

Tolerances 33

Checking standards of carpentry and joinery 34



What are Skills for Work Courses all about? Skills for Work Courses are designed to help candidates to develop:

• skills and knowledge in a broad vocational area

• Core Skills

• an understanding of the workplace

• positive attitudes to learning

• skills and attitudes for employability A key feature of these Courses is the emphasis on experiential learning. This means learning through practical experience and learning by reflecting on experience. Learning through practical experience Teaching/learning programmes should include some or all of the following:

• learning in real or simulated workplace settings

• learning through role play activities in vocational contexts

• carrying out case study work

• planning and carrying out practical tasks and assignments Learning through reflecting at all stages of the experience Teaching/learning programmes should include some or all of the following:

• preparing and planning for the activity

• taking stock throughout the activity

• reviewing and adapting as necessary

• reflecting after the activity has been completed

• evaluating, self-assessing and identifying learning points

The Skills for Work Courses are also designed to provide candidates with opportunities for developing Core Skills and enhancing skills and attitudes for employability.



Core Skills The five Core Skills are:

• Communication

• Numeracy

• Information Technology

• Problem Solving

• Working with Others Opportunities for developing these skills are highlighted in each of the Course and Unit Specifications.

Employability The skills and attitudes for employability, including self-employment, are outlined below:

• generic skills/attitudes valued by employers

• understanding of the workplace and the employee’s responsibilities, for example time-keeping, appearance, customer care

• self-evaluation skills

• positive attitude to learning

• flexible approaches to solving problems

• adaptability and positive attitude to change

• confidence to set goals, reflect and learn from experience

• specific vocational skills/knowledge

Course Specifications highlight the links to National Occupational Standards in the vocational area and identify progression opportunities

Opportunities for developing these skills and attitudes are highlighted in each of the Course and Unit Specifications. These opportunities include giving young people direct access to workplace experiences or, through partnership arrangements, providing different learning environments and experiences which simulate aspects of the workplace. These experiences might include site visits, visiting speakers, role play and other practical activities.



A Curriculum for Excellence (Scottish Executive 2004) identifies aspirations for every young person. These are that they should become:

• successful learners

• confident individuals

• responsible citizens

• effective contributors The learning environments, the focus on experiential learning and the opportunities to develop employability and Core Skills in these Courses contribute to meeting these aspirations.



The Course in Construction Crafts (Intermediate 1)

Course Rationale The Intermediate 1 Construction Crafts Course has been designed to provide a basis for progression into further education or for moving directly into training in employment within the construction sector. The purpose of the Course is to ensure that candidates start to develop the general skills, practical skills, knowledge and understanding and employability skills needed within the sector. The primary target group for this Course is school candidates in S3 and S4. It is anticipated that, for this group of candidates, the Course will rely on and build on existing partnerships between schools and colleges (or other agencies). This may be particularly pertinent in the case of the Construction Crafts Course due to the specialist expertise and facilities available in, for example, Further Education colleges and training providers. Nevertheless, the Construction Crafts Course is designed at a level and scope such that it can be delivered in schools, if the school has suitable facilities and teaching expertise. The Course is also suitable for adult candidates who are seeking to enhance their employability and develop introductory vocational skills in the construction sector. The general aims of the Construction Crafts Course are to:

• widen participation in vocationally-related learning for 14-16 year olds

• allow candidates to experience vocationally-related learning

• provide candidates with a broad introduction to the construction crafts vocational sector

• encourage candidates to foster a good work ethic, including timekeeping, a positive attitude and other relevant employability skills

• provide opportunities to develop a range of Core Skills in a realistic context

• encourage candidates to take charge of their own learning and development

• provide a range of teaching, learning and assessment styles to motivate candidates to achieve their full potential

• facilitate progression to further education and/or training In particular, the aims of this Course in Construction Crafts are to:

• give candidates the technical knowledge, skills and understanding associated with a range of craft skills in construction at this level

• develop an awareness that health and safety issues are integral to the world of work generally and construction in particular

• encourage candidates to develop a positive attitude to waste minimisation and environmental issues



• enable candidates to develop and apply practical, technical and communication skills as a foundation for future learning and progression

• encourage candidates to apply their knowledge and understanding of construction by using skills of evaluation and problem-solving in a vocational context

• encourage candidates to plan their work and review their progress

• prepare candidates for further learning opportunities, study and training for employment in construction and the built environment sectors and related occupations

The Intermediate 1 Course in Construction Crafts has been designed with Occupational Standards in mind. There is a link, though not directly, to these Standards. The standards required of first-year apprentices in the building industry are, and should remain, significantly more onerous than those for this Course which is at an introductory level. While no formal entrance qualifications are required for this Course, it would be expected that candidates embarking on the Course would find the following learning skills and aptitudes helpful:

• basic proficiency in literacy

• basic proficiency in numeracy

• some aptitude for graphical forms of communication (the reading of basic drawings is required by the course)

• motivation to work independently This Course supports progression into appropriate further education or for training in employment. The Course provides the basis for candidates to gain an insight into craft occupations such as brickwork, carpentry and joinery and plastering, and to use their studies to help them decide the career they wish to follow. Candidates studying this Course in Construction Crafts and choosing a craft option may be aiming to progress into a craft apprenticeship in industry. Candidates who choose such a route will experience appropriate training and undertake SVQs in the workplace. Candidates who are uncertain which trade to follow, or who do not obtain a placement, may undertake pre-vocational courses at Further Education colleges. Whether as part of a pre-vocational college programme or otherwise, the Construction Crafts Course should facilitate progression to the SPA in Building Crafts or an appropriate National Certificate programme.



Unit Specification: statement of standards

Unit: Construction Crafts: Carpentry and Joinery Techniques (Intermediate 1) Acceptable performance in this Unit will be the satisfactory achievement of the standards set out in this part of the Unit Specification. All sections of the statement of standards are mandatory and cannot be altered without reference to the Scottish Qualifications Authority.

Outcome 1 Select, use and maintain basic carpentry and joinery tools and equipment. Performance Criteria a) The selection of tools and equipment is appropriate for the work to be done.

b) The tools are used correctly and solely for the purpose for which they were intended.

c) The tools are serviced, maintained, cleaned and stored in accordance with good practice.

Outcome 2 Erect and dismantle a prefabricated timber structure. Performance Criteria a) A prefabricated structure is erected in a prescribed sequence.

b) The structure is erected in accordance with drawings.

c) The structure is dismantled and properly stored for future use.

d) Health and safety requirements are complied with during all activities.



Outcome 3 Replace a designated timber panel. Performance Criteria a) The designated panel is identified and removed from an erected structure.

b) The replacement panel is constructed to match the existing panel in accordance with working drawings.

c) Joints and fixings of the replacement panel are in accordance with working drawings and given specification.

d) A quality check is carried out on the finished work against prescribed standards and tolerances.

e) Health and safety requirements are complied with during all activities.



Evidence requirements for the Unit Performance evidence is required to show that all Outcomes and Performance Criteria have been achieved. Performance evidence will be supported by assessor checklists. This evidence will be generated from an integrated assessment consisting of practical activities carried out in supervised workshop conditions. The evidence may be gathered at different points throughout the Unit.

The practical activities will cover:

• choosing the correct hand tools for particular tasks, using these tools in a correct and safe manner, using them solely for the purpose for which they were intended, sharpening them when necessary and storing them correctly after use

• correctly erecting and dismantling a prefabricated timber framed structure

• constructing a replacement timber panel using prescribed joints and fixing methods

• candidates carrying out a quality check of own work against given standards and tolerances before submitting for final assessment

• maintaining a clean, tidy and safe working area and adhering to health and safety requirements throughout all activities

The National Assessment Bank item (NAB) for this Unit contains candidate review sheets and an assessor observation checklist. The NAB illustrates the national standard required for this Unit. Centres who wish to devise their own assessments should refer to the NAB to ensure a comparable standard. NB Centres must refer to the full Unit specification for detailed information related to this Unit.



Teacher/lecturer support materials



Tutor notes

Introduction These notes have been prepared to help you deliver and assess the Construction Crafts: Carpentry and Joinery Techniques Unit as part of the Construction Crafts Intermediate 1 course. It is recommended that the candidate to tutor ratio for delivery of this Unit is a maximum of 12 candidates to 1 tutor. Student tasks and activities are identified with the symbol



Carpentry and joinery – an introduction Making things from wood is one of the oldest occupations in the world. The craft of the carpenter and joiner has a real and tangible tradition behind it. In the past, the carpenter and joiner was the most important person in the house building industry being the designer, builder and furnisher of the home. He cut his material direct from the tree, fashioning it to size and shape on site. A visit to any medieval building will show the standard and skill these craftsmen were able to produce without the electrically powered machinery and equipment we take for granted today. The hand tools and techniques used by the modern carpenter and joiner have their roots firmly in the past and have much in common with their predecessors. Indeed it is safe to say that the skills taught by Joseph to Jesus and the tools he used are similar to those used by apprentices today. A modern apprentice carpenter and joiner serves a four year apprenticeship. It is a trade to be proud of and is well worth considering as a career.



T

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Prefabricated structures Pre-fabrication is the logical extension of the principles of mass production and consists of preparing completely finished articles in the factory ready for installation on the building site. Timber houses, prepared in standard sections, and floor sections and roofs can be constructed in this manner whilst doors hung to frames and complete with all fixtures and fittings are an excellent example of modern organised production.

Basic carpentry and joinery terms There are a large number of different carpentry and joinery terms. Some of these are quite complicated but here is a list of terms that will enable you to understand the basic principles required to build a prefabricated timber structure. Some of the terms are illustrated on the pages that follow:

Member A piece of [normally] structural timber in a building. For example, wall or partition members include the [vertical] studs, the [horizontal] runners at top (header) and bottom (sole plate) and the [horizontal] dwangs in the middle of the partition.

Header The top member in a timber partition/ wall.

Sole Plate The bottom member in a timber partition/ wall.

Studs The vertical members in a timber partition/ wall.

Cladding The material used to cover a timber partition, wall or roof.

Rafter The main supporting member in a roof.

Joist The main support in a timber floor or ceiling.

Tongue and Groove Flooring

Strips of timber or sheet material that have a tongue on one side and a groove on the other that allow the boards to easily fit together forming a strong joint.

Section sizes The length, breadth and thickness of a material eg. 100 x 50 x 2400mm indicates a piece of timber that is 100mm wide, 50mm thick and 2400mm long.



Practice joint to be made before replacing the p

10mm deep

Housing joint detail



Elevations of prefabricated structure with roof joists shown



Stitch Nailing This is a technique where the nail is almost driven in but the head is left protruding to allow the nail to be easily removed. This technique is used when a piece of timber is to be temporarily fixed or is held in position until the carpenter and joiner is happy that it is correctly positioned.

Level When a piece of timber is perfectly horizontal it is said to be level.

Plumb When a piece of timber is vertical (90° to the horizontal) it

is said to be plumb.

Nails There are many nails available mostly made out of steel wire. Below is a selection of common wire nails. • Round wire nail – This is used for general work. It is

not attractive in shape and it can split wood when hammered in position.

• Oval wire nail – This is a long nail and care must be

taken when it is hammered into the wood. It is unlikely to split the wood.

• Lost head nail – This is ideal if it is necessary to hide

the head of the nail as a punch can be used to hammer the head beneath the surface level.

• Annular nail – The teeth of this nail hold it in place

firmly. Therefore, it is used for fixing chipboard and other sheet materials.



Screws Screws are used to fix timber and sheet materials together. They can be used to join materials together permanently although as they can be removed with relative ease they are also good as a way of fixing materials temporarily. The basic types of screw are: • Countersunk – either with a slot, pozi or philips head.

The picture is of a slot head screw. • Round head – normally only in slot head, a very

decorative screw when made in brass. • Raised head – again normally only in slot head, used

primarily for fixing handles to doors, windows, etc. • Twin thread – available in all head styles, this screw is

threaded along its whole length. Twin threads generally have a pozidrive head although they can have philips heads. The picture shows a pozidrive head.



Carpentry and joinery – health and safety Apprentice Carpenters and Joiners cannot finish their apprenticeship until they have successfully completed a health and safety test. Health and safety is taken very seriously in the construction industry. There is an old saying that “a tidy joiner is a safe joiner”. This is very true. Working in the building industry can be hazardous, but here are some general rules to follow in order to work safely:

• always wear the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) as instructed; this could be as simple as wearing gloves to carry off-the-saw (OS) timber

• always keep your working area tidy

• always report any hazard you see

• never carry on or lark about on a site or in a workshop

• always take care of, clean and maintain the tools you use

• don’t talk to others, be distracted by or distract others while you are working

• at the end of a work session always leave the workshop or site the way you would hope to find it because if you leave stuff lying about someone could trip over it and injure themselves!



Carpentry and joinery tools There is a wide range of tools in a carpenter and joiner’s tool kit. Shown below is a basic list that will enable you to identify, select and use the correct tools required to construct and repair a prefabricated structure.

Claw hammer

The tool that everyone associates with the carpenter and joiner. Used to drive in and remove nails from timber and to aid knocking together frames.

Try square This tool is used to mark square lines around a section of timber. It can also be used to check if the bottom of a joint is level.

Retractable measuring tape

Used to measure long lengths of timber.

Four fold rule

The advantage of the folding rule over a rigid rule is that it closes or folds from 1 metre down to 250mm by means of hinges therefore is more easily transported by the joiner. Generally these rules are made of boxwood, but more recently nylon rules have become increasingly popular throughout the trade.

Handsaw Used primarily for roughing and finishing work on site. These saws are generally discarded when they are blunt.

Jack plane The jackplane is used for rough work and for planing up (dressing smooth) timber from rough stock. It is easy to handle and is used for removing large quantities of material, as in straightening surfaces and reducing thickness.



Bevel edged chisel

Although originally designed to allow the joiner to cut into the angle of a dovetail its strength and adaptability soon made it the preferred chisel of the woodworker.

Spirit level Used for levelling out work, and ensuring work is plumb prior to fixing. The level comes in various sizes ranging from 25mm long (a line level) to 1200mm long (a bricklayers level).

Sliding bevel

This tool is used for marking any angle that is not 90°. It can also be used to determine angles and bevels of inclined members, eg. roof rafters.

These are only a selection of the hand tools that you may require to complete the tasks.

Write below any other tools that you may have used and ask your tutor to check that you have used the correct names.



Materials used for constructing timber structures To build a timber framed structure many materials can be used. Listed below is only a small selection of those that could be used and their common sizes:

European redwood

This is a term that links many of the softwoods that grow across the whole of Europe each with common properties that result in them being classified together. Some of these timbers are Scots Pine, Baltic Pine and Red Deal. A strong and durable timber, Redwood is commonly used for external components like doors, windows etc. It comes in a variety of sections with 100 x 50mm and 150 x 50mm being the most common and lengths from 3m rising in 0.3m stages up to about 6m.

European whitewood

Like European redwood this is a collection of European softwoods. Lighter in colour than the redwood, it is not as durable but just as strong. For this reason it is used as a structural component internally. Ideal for rafters in roofs and floor joists its section sizes are similar to redwood.

CLS Canadian Lumber Standard (CLS) is a manufactured timber utilising shorter sectioned material. Available in 38 x 66mm or 38 x 89mm sections, it is usually only in 2.4 or 4.8 metre lengths. CLS is the preferred material for manufacturing timber framed housing kits.

Plasterboard A cladding material for walls and ceilings. Normal sheet sizes are 1200 x 2400mm and it is available in thicknesses from 9.5mm to about 30mm.

Plywood A cladding material for walls and roofs. Normal sheet sizes are 1200 x 2400mm. Plywood comes in thicknesses from 3mm to about 25mm.

Oriented Strand Board

OSB is a cladding material for walls and roofs. Normal sheet sizes are 1200 x 2400mm. OSB is available in thicknesses from 6mm to about 25mm.



4m

6m

1m

1m

1m door

Plan

Setting out and measuring timber structures A carpenter and joiner must be able to measure accurately. If accurate measurement is not achieved it could cause many problems. For example what if an important component, say a door or a window, was made too small for the opening? Imagine the cost implications if the joiner measured a floor and got the quantity of material required completely wrong! How do you explain to a customer that the price for the job is wrong because of your measurements? Do you think the customer would want to pay you the extra cost you want? Measuring accurately and getting it right first time (or at least double-checking your calculations) is very important.

As an exercise to practise your calculations, take a look at the drawing and answer the questions below:

1. What will be the length of skirting required for fitting around the perimeter of the

room?

Answer – (Show all your working) 2. What will be the area of flooring required to replace the existing floor finish?

Answer – (Show all your working) Now discuss your answers with your tutor



Erecting a prefabricated structure The correct sequence of setting out a prefabricated structure is extremely important. You must get the position of the first side correct or the building could be in the wrong position. This will cause problems with the planning department of the local council. Just as important is the sequence of erecting the building to make the job easier and safer. Here is the suggested sequence for erecting the prefabricated structure for your task:

• Step 1 Read the plan of the drawing and establish the correct position where the structure is to be built.

• Step 2 Lay floor panel in place and pack to level.

• Step 3 Erect side A and brace it to plumb.

• Step 4 Erect side B, plumb, brace and stitch to side A with wire nails.

• Step 5 Erect side C, plumb, brace and stitch to side B with wire nails.

• Step 6 Erect side D, stitch to sides A and C with wire nails.

• Step 7 Lift one of the roof sections into place and fix to sides.

• Step 8 Lift the other roof section into place and fix to sides.

• Step 9 Finally, check each of the sides for plumb and complete fixings.

Congratulations! You have successfully erected a timber structure.



Erection sequence



Carpentry and joinery techniques and “tricks of the trade” There are many “tricks of the trade” but here are a few basic ones that will help you develop the basic techniques of carpentry and joinery.

Remember!! There are no short cuts. You need to practise, practise and practise again. A carpenter and joiner serves a four year apprenticeship, so be patient and don’t expect to become a carpenter and joiner in four hours or four weeks. However, if you listen carefully and try hard, you should be able to produce a good standard of joinery by the end of this Unit. Learn to work in an organised and logical manner. Think through every task before you commence any work. Remember – it is important that you understand what you want to achieve before you start. Try to anticipate any problems and be observant of all aspects of your task. Above all learn from your mistakes. Learn to cut timber square. Help yourself by using a try square at all times to mark out your timber before cutting. Remember – practice, practice, practice, because practice makes perfect. When using any cutting tool eg. a chisel or a saw, make sure your fingers are behind the cutting edge. If the tools are used this way the only thing on the floor will be shavings and not your fingers and blood. Remember you are learning to cut wood and not your fingers. Organise your working area. Place your tools and materials where you need them and keep the area tidy at all times. This will help you to work well, without tripping up over things and getting frustrated. Learn to use your tools correctly – This will enable you to gain confidence as you practise the various techniques. It is very important that you listen to everything you are told. Get simple things correct at the very beginning. If you were learning to play golf you would have to concentrate to begin with on how to hold the golf club properly. Exactly the same applies here. For example learn how to hold a hammer and a saw correctly. If you get this right, other things will become much easier as you progress. Your tutor will be able to tell you why the correct way is the best way. The best tip of all? This never changes. Try your best at all times and eventually you will master and learn the basics of the carpentry and joinery trade. But be warned – it won’t always be easy! However working in wood is good fun. Enjoy it.



Carpentry and joinery standards and tolerances

All buildings have to be built to standards and tolerances. What does this mean?

Standards Carpentry and joinery components are some of the most noticeable aspects of a house. Everyone sees it around the building. Many people nowadays choose a house because of its appearance from outside but also look for quality of construction in how it is finished internally. Carpentry and joinery must therefore look good and pleasing to the eye. Poor work is immediately noticed even by non-experts. All components must therefore be built to required standards. This means that the materials and the way they are put together are up to the expectations of the client. These standards include:

• Being level

Floors and roofs should be level. Structures built “off the level” are very noticeable. Ask yourself: Would you buy a house that was not level?

• Being plumb

The wall must be vertical otherwise known as “plumb”. The most famous example of a wall being off the plumb is the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The tower is basically falling down, albeit very slowly. It is in fact quite dangerous. Would you buy a house that was not plumb? It is therefore very important to build walls or timber partitions “plumb”.

• Joints tight

It is important for the strength of any structure that the joints are tight.

• Finished dimensions

The finished dimensions (sizes) are very important. What can we do with a door that is not the correct size for the opening? If the door is too large it will not fit into the opening and if it is too small it will fall through!

• Opening sizes

The finished sizes of any opening are very important. Again think about the door that is too small for the opening or indeed the opening that is too small for the door. If the door is however within the allowed tolerance we can adjust the opening or the door to fit. If the door is too large or the opening too small, the door could be reduced in size to fit. If the door is too small, or the opening too large, then we could reduce the opening size by making the frame a bit smaller, but this all costs time and money!

Remember!!

You will be asked to check the structures that you build to see if they meet the required standards.



Tolerances It is a fact that very few timber structures are built absolutely perfect. We therefore allow tolerances that are acceptable within which to build. Here are some typical examples of the tolerances you may have to achieve when you are building your own component. Finished Dimensions + or – 5mm This means your structure can be up to 5mm too big or 5mm too small. More than 5mm would not be accepted. Opening Sizes + or – 3mm This means your window and door opening can be 3mm too low, 3mm too high or 3mm too wide. Any more than this would not be accepted. Level + or – 5mm This means that your floor can be a maximum of 5mm off the level in either direction. Plumb + or – 5mm per m This means your wall can be a maximum of 5mm off the vertical in every metre. Any more than 5mm would not be acceptable.

Remember!! These tolerances are set for you. Time served carpenters and joiners are required to work to much stricter tolerances. This can only be achieved by practice, practice and more practice over a period of years.



Checking standards of carpentry and joinery Craftsmanship is defined as the skill employed in making something properly. This is achieved by having complete mastery over your tools and materials plus using them with skill and honesty. The efficiency of the modern building still depends on the teamwork of the all the trades. To help maintain standards it is essential that each carpenter and joiner performs a quality check on his own work. How do you think you could do this? The answer is by marking your own work against a checklist. You will be shown how to do this in the workshop. This is known as carrying out your quality check. Here is an example of a checklist that has been marked.

Outcome 3 – Erect and Repair Timber Frame

Candidate Assessor Comments

Panel constructed to size – within 5mm

Yes Yes

Housing joints correct size – within 3mm

Yes Yes

Opening sizes correct – within 3mm Yes Yes

Sheet material cut and fixed to position – within 5mm

Yes Yes

Floor placed in correct position – within 5mm

No No 9mm out

Erect pre-fabricated panels – plumb within 5mm/m

Yes Yes

Store tools and materials correctly after use

No Yes

Handle and transport tools and materials correctly

No No More care required

Health and safety is complied with at all times including PPE

Yes No Wear safety boots

The candidates quality check is accurate

Assessor only marks

No PPE



1. Has the assessor had any disagreement with the candidate’s check?

Answer: 2. In your own words, if there has been any difference of opinion, can you identify

the details of the problem?

Answer: 3. Do you think checking your own work is a good idea? (Give reasons for your

answer.)

Answer:



Formative assessment for carpentry and joinery techniques Underpinning knowledge questions

This quiz is for fun. Put a circle around the answer you think is correct. 1. The material used to cover a timber frame is called:

a) cladding

b) lagging

c) flooring

d) facing 2. What is the name of the material used for cladding walls and ceilings?

a) chipboard

b) MDF

c) hardboard

d) plasterboard 3. What do the letters PPE stand for?

a) Personal Stereo Equipment

b) Personal Protective Example

c) Personal Protective Equipment

d) Peoples Protective Equipment 4. Your working area should be kept tidy:

a) all of the time

b) before the tea break

c) at the end of the working day

d) at the start of the working day 5. A sliding bevel is used to:

a) keep in your pocket

b) mark lines that are not 45° or 90°

c) mark curved lines

d) throw at people



6. A claw hammer is used for:

a) cutting sheet materials

b) hitting your friend’s fingers

c) banging on the bench

d) hammering in and withdrawing nails 7. European Redwood is a:

a) hardwood grown in Asia

b) softwood grown in America

c) hardwood grown in Europe

d) softwood grown in Europe 8. Which of these is a standard size for CLS?

a) 102.5mm x 65mm

b) 65mm x 65mm

c) 38mm x 66mm

d) 38mm x 75mm 9. Where would you find a rafter?

a) in a roof

b) in the floor

c) in a partition

d) in a skip 10. A tolerance for finished dimensions of + or – 5mm means that:

a) your component can be a maximum of 5 mm too small

b) your component can be a maximum of 5mm out of plumb

c) your component can be a maximum of 5 mm out of level

d) your component can be a maximum of 10 mm too big Mark achieved = …… from 10 correct



Formative Assessment for Prefabricated Structures Underpinning knowledge questions – Answer key 1. a cladding

2. d plasterboard

3. c Personal Protective Equipment

4. a all of the time

5. b mark lines that are not 45° or 90°

6. d hammering in and withdrawing nails

7. d softwood grown in Europe

8. c 38mm x 66mm

9. a in a roof

10. a your component can be a maximum of 5mm too small

Construction Carpentry and Joinery Techniques

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