Construction Accident Risk Management
-
Upload
djs-assocites-amp-cowan-associates -
Category
Business
-
view
4.238 -
download
5
description
Transcript of Construction Accident Risk Management
Construction AccidentsConstruction Accidents
Managing Risks
Johann F. Szautner, P.E., P.L.S.
Cowan Associates, Inc.
IntroductionIntroduction
Construction accounted for 7% of US workforce, but claimed 21% of all occupational fatalities and 10% of all disabling occupational injuries (DOL 2005)
Nearly 200,000 serious injuries and 1,200 deaths each year
Construction has the most fatalities of any industry sector. This dictates the need to understand the various construction trade activities and options to eliminate systemic accident risks
By analyzing actual accident events, root causes can be isolated and risk management efforts could be directed at these root causes and not at symptoms, leading to more effective accident risk management
Root Causes of Construction AccidentsRoot Causes of Construction Accidents
Inadequate construction planning Lack of proper training Deficient enforcement of training Unsafe equipment Unsafe methods or sequencing Unsafe site conditions Not using safety equipment that
was provided
OSHA - The Safety GatekeeperOSHA - The Safety Gatekeeper
Congress passed the William-Steiger Occupational Safety & Health Act of 1970, Title 29 USC 451.
Construction Safety & Health Regulations, CFR Title 29, part 1926 applies to the construction
site work activities and part 1910,General industry Standard to actual facilities and
their operations.
Duty to provide a Safe Work Place
Duty to provide a Safe Work Place
An accident-prevention program for each project is essential to attain an accident free jobsite.
Although most contractors have effective safety programs many sub contractors do not!
1. Often they do not require their employees to follow safety rules;
2. Do not provide personal protective equipment;3. Permit the use of unsafe equipment.
Duty to implement an effective
Safety & Health Plan
Duty to implement an effective
Safety & Health Plan
Contractor’s program can only be successful if it fulfills these conditions:
1) Commitment by top management;2) Established safety policy by top
management;3) Constantly seeks a safe & healthy
environment;4) Competent supervision;5) Provides delegation of adequate
authority;
6) Provides scheduled safety training & education;
7) Conducts accident prevention inspections;
8) Investigates accidents to find cause & not to assign blame;
9) Provides a measurement of the effectiveness of the accident prevention program;
10) Maintains documentation of all accidents;
Duty to provide a “Competent Person”
Duty to provide a “Competent Person”
OSHA established in 1989 the category of “Competent Person” and it’s definition in subpart P of 29 CFR 1926.
A Competent person is one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous or dangerous to employees, and one who is authorized to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.
This person must be an employee of the contractor and be trained in geotechnical engineering.
Duty to foster a Safety CultureDuty to foster a Safety Culture
Develop the knowledge base and skills for construction management and workers to recognize hazards and to uncover “hidden hazards”.
Develop the knowledge base and skills for architects and engineers to incorporate design features to eliminate or reduce the risk of an injury due to a hazard
Risk Management = Hazard Management
Risk Management = Hazard Management
Hazard is the potential to do harm or damage when combined with a trigger mechanism
Risk is the probability of a hazard-related incident occurring, measured by the severity of harm or damage
Risk Categorization is done with the help of professional expertise, cost-benefit analysis and consideration of public perception. We determine risks to be acceptable or unacceptable
Safety = A Myth?Safety = A Myth?
Safety is not absoluteSafety is the summation of acceptable
risks, there is no absolute safety
Hazard IdentificationHazard Identification
Mechanical Energy Electrical Energy Chemical Energy Kinetic Energy Potential Energy
Thermal Energy Acoustic Energy Radiant Energy Environmental Hazards Biological Hazards
Design for Safety = Employ Risk Hierarchy
Design for Safety = Employ Risk Hierarchy
Identify Hazards Assess Risks Design Features to eliminate
or reduce Risks Consider Construction Consider Operation &
Maintenance Consider Decommissioning
1. Eliminate the Risk2. Provide Guarding3. Provide Warning4. Provide Training5. Provide Personal
Protective Equipment
Ability to manage Risk in Construction
Ability to manage Risk in Construction
Risk Management C
on
ce
ptu
al
De
sig
n
Pla
ns &
Sp
ecific
atio
ns
Pro
cu
rem
en
t
& V
alu
e
En
gin
ee
rin
g
Co
nstr
uctio
n
Pla
nn
ing
&
Sch
ed
ulin
g
Sta
rt-u
p
Construction Project Phase
Ab
ilit
y
Most frequently cited OSHA Violations
Most frequently cited OSHA Violations
1) Scaffolds & Aerial Lifts - L2) Fall Protection-subpart - M3) Cranes & Hoists - N4) Excavations - P5) Steel Erection - R6) Ladders & Stairways - X7) Masonry & Concrete
Construction - Q8) Demolition - T
Scaffolds and Arial LiftsScaffolds and Arial Lifts
Scaffold Capacity: 4 times the maximum intended load
Hoist Capacity: 4 times the tipping moment from operating load
Fall Protection – same levelFall Protection – same level
Falling from ElevationFalling from Elevation
Falling ObjectsFalling Objects
Cranes & HoistsCranes & Hoists Provide competent person, licensed or certified crane operator
Post load rating and operating speed
Perform inspection prior, during and after operations
Structure Excavation
Structure Excavation
Employ competent person Notify utilities Guard and warn Protect employees Slope & Bench excavation Shore or Shield excavation
Trench ExcavationTrench Excavation
LaddersLadders
Inspect ladder prior to use & check ratingPlace ladder at a slope ration of 4:1Secure Base & TopStand on rung and hold on to rung in frontDo not climb on top three rungsRestrict side movement to keep belt buckle within rails
Stairways
Stairways
Provide adequate landings Provide consistent step
dimensions Provide slip resistant surface Provide railings Avoid visual camouflage Provide adequate lighting
Masonry & Concrete Construction
Masonry & Concrete Construction
DemolitionDemolition
Premises & Public Right 0f Way Liability Exposure
Premises & Public Right 0f Way Liability Exposure
Premises Liability exposure towards invitees, while contractor is in control of the property. Same as the possessor of land.
As a condition of approval for construction in a public right-of-way, the governmental agency in control of the public right of way, typically codifies that construction shall not interfere or conflict with the public use and/or purpose of the right-of-way. This mandate is typically enforced in a permitting process in which the contractor is required to hold the governmental entity harmless and provide adequate insurance for any potential liability arising out of the construction activities.
Liability ExposureLiability Exposure
Darwinian Award CandidatesDarwinian Award Candidates
Analyze Cause & Effect = Root CauseAnalyze Cause & Effect = Root Cause
Risk Management is a Team Concept
Risk Management is a Team Concept
For Constructors Identify Root Cause of
Construction Accident Implement Accident
Prevention Training Improve Worker Attitude Improve Management
Procedures
For Designers
Design for Construction Safety Expectations
Design for future Maintenance
Design for operational Perspective & Changes
Design for Decommissioning
= TEAM+