Constructing Oyster Reef for Shoreline Stabilization and ...
Transcript of Constructing Oyster Reef for Shoreline Stabilization and ...
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Constructing Oyster Reef for Shoreline Constructing Oyster Reef for Shoreline Stabilization and RestorationStabilization and Restoration
Jason KirkpatrickConservation Program Manager
MacDill AFB
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Five Year, Multi-Phase Project
Partnering effort involving DOD, USFWS, Tampa Bay Watch, EPC, TBEP, others
An innovative, cost-effective approach for ‘natural’shoreline stabilization
Triple benefit – shoreline stabilization, improves habitat diversity, water quality improvement
Project Location
Oyster Reef Shoreline Oyster Reef Shoreline Stabilization Stabilization –– MacDillMacDill
Phase 1
Phase 2 & 3
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The ProblemThe Problem
Increased erosion along eastern shoreline, particularly at southeast corner
• Loss of natural resources• Loss of coastal habitat• Impacts to archeological
site (National Register eligible)
• Impacts to government assets (golf course)
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Planting Spartina alternaflora and seedling mangroves
SWFWMD and local high school nursery program
Two efforts, planted over 3,000 grass plugs during each event – both were washed away within days under normal conditions
Alternative Stabilization Alternative Stabilization ApproachesApproaches Before
After
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The SolutionThe SolutionReef Balls and Oyster Shell
Bags
• Reef ball - a flat-bottom, hollow, concrete half dome with holes – Originally developed for off-shore
coral reef creation and reconstruction
– smaller version is used for oyster reef creation
• Oyster shell bag - plastic mesh bag filled with fossilized oyster shell
Lo Pro Reef Ball
Oyster Shell Bags
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3 Benefits:Water Quality ImprovementShoreline StabilizationHabitat Enhancement
Sediment accumulation behind domes
• Oysters can filter up to 9.8 gallons of water per HOUR
• Filter algae in nutrient laden waters
• Stabilize bottom sediments, reduce turbidity
Establish marsh grass
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The Demonstration The Demonstration Site Site –– Phase IPhase I
Constructed six 100 ft oyster reef zones with four different configuration of Reef Balls
Constructed two 100 ft oyster bars with shell bags
January 2004
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The Demonstration The Demonstration Phase Phase -- InstallationInstallation
Five half-day events
~70 MacDill Community Volunteers
~12 NOAA Volunteers
~23 Off-base Volunteers– Naval Reserve– GE ELFUN– Local Community
MacDill Environmental
Tampa Bay Watch staff
Total Man-hours ~430
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The Demonstration The Demonstration PhasePhase
Spacing between reef zones• Allows movement of water
(flushing) • Permits access to back side of
reef for fish and other sea life• Creates habitat diversity, allows
movement of sea life
March 2004
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Monitoring Monitoring ResultsResults
4.5”
1.6”
4.0” 3.5”
2.0” 3.5”
0.5” 0.25”
1.8” 1.5”4.0” 2.5”
Feb ‘06
Feb ‘06 Feb ‘06Feb ‘06
Sediment accumulation as of February 2006
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February 06 February 06 --Monitoring DataMonitoring Data
Oyster Size & Oyster Size & CoverageCoverage
3.13.1””
2.32.3””
2.82.8””
3.53.5””<1.0<1.0””
AvgAvgSediment Sediment
AccumulationAccumulation
NoNo4444~30%~30%3 foot 3 foot spacingspacing
NoNo4343~75%~75%Oyster Bag Oyster Bag ReefReef
NoNo4141~75%~75%Base to base Base to base –– front row front row onlyonly
Wildlife Wildlife UsageUsage
Green Green Mussels Mussels presentpresent
AvgAvg Oyster Oyster Size Size (mm)(mm)
% Oyster % Oyster CoverageCoverage
ConfigurationConfiguration
NoNo4545~75%~75%Base to base Base to base –– outer edge outer edge all aroundall around
Crabs, baitfish, mullet,
minnows,conch, blue
crabs, sheephead,heron, ibis,
egret, raccoon
NoNo54 54 100%100%Base to baseBase to base
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Site PhotographsSite Photographs
January 2005
Base-to-base configuration
Oyster Dome Reef
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Oyster Shell Bar (Bar) Reef
January 2005
~5’
100’
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Sediment Sediment AccumulationAccumulation
January 2005
5” of sediment accumulation
3-foot spacing
Base-to-base perimeter with random interior
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Marsh Grass Planting Marsh Grass Planting ––November 2005 & April 2006November 2005 & April 2006
Over 400 High School and Junior high students have visited MacDill to participate in marsh grass planting events through the “Bay Grasses to Classes”program through Tampa Baywatch
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2004
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Oyster bar
2006
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Site PhotographsSite PhotographsJuly 2006July 2006
Looking South
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Marsh Grass Marsh Grass GrowthGrowth
July 2006July 2006
Looking North
Looking SE
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Phases 2 & 3• Phase 2 installed 1,500 oyster shell bags to create
350-ft oyster reef• Phase 3 began installation of 1,500 Reef Balls and
1,700 oyster shell bag bar (28 tons of shell) to create 975-ft oyster reef
PHASES 4 & 5• Phase 4 will construct 800+ foot reef between
Phase 1 and Phase 3 site• Phase 5 will construct 800+ foot reef west of Phase
3 site
Phase 1
Phases 2 & 3
Gadsden Pt
Phase 4
Phase 5
Phases 2 & 3
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3-bag base under a single bag layer
55’
150’
40’
150’
Phase 2 Constructed
• Completed in March 2005
• 395 feet of oyster reef
• Protects 300 feet of shoreline
4-bag base 2-bag middle layer single-bag top layer
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Phase 3 –Lo-Pro Oyster Units will be installed along ~970 feet of shoreline.The four serpentine lines will be constructed using 195 domes and each will protect 120 linear feet of shoreline.
375’ long, three rows wide to the mangroves in the top right of the photo (564 domes)
Phase 3 – 340’oyster shell bar
Dome lines will overlap 20’ with a 10’ gap
150’ dome line in front of mangroves
Phase 2 - 395’ of oyster shell bars
Phase 2&3Phase 2&3Started 2006Completion 2007
1,569 domes + 1,725 shell bags = 970 feet protected
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Costs & PartneringCosts & Partnering• $100K for Phase 3 (2007)
– $30K Air Force– $30K USFWS (?)– $30K ??
• $120+ K for Phases 4 & 5 (2008 & 2009)– $60K Air Force– $60K Other
• ~75% of costs go to materials/supplies (reef balls + delivery)
• Remainder of funds to permitting, design, agency coordination
• Volunteers used to installed domes and construct shell bags
• NOAA typically supplies oyster shell for shell bags
• Loader/Gators/Trucks/Tractor – In house (CE and Golf Course)
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Thanks TooThanks Too……..• US Fish & Wildlife Service• Tampa Bay Watch • MacDill AFB Groups & Squadrons• MacDill AFB Environmental & CE• NOAA Fisheries• Tampa Naval Reserve• VOLUNTEERS!!
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QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?