Constructing logbook final submission
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Transcript of Constructing logbook final submission
Week 1 knowledge map for e-learning and Readings
Week 1 knowledge map for Theatre session
Week1Studiosessionactivityreport
Theme: compression
Load path diagram
#Principle: the applied load at the top gives a compression to the loads under it. This strength is delivered continuously to each where the structure
is formed and supported. Forces are formed by factors of direction and scale, and each force have an opposite force to keep stability. As shown on
the diagram, the force of compression is delivered to the ground which the feet of this structure are. While the ground has also generated a force
back on feet to keep it stable.
#Reference link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y__V15j3IX4&feature=youtu.be
https://app.lms.unimelb.edu.au/bbcswebdav/courses/ENVS10003_2014 _SM1/WEEK%2001/Basic%20Structural%20Forces%201.pdf
Studio Activities Material: a kind of Timber wood which is a composite material, seemingly baned in some countries.
Activity requirement #to build a tower as tall as possible, and with possible few material.
#the tower should be able to accommodate an object, (say, it is a little toy elephant in this case, which is supposed to be able to move in and out.)
Key points, aim #to get information of construction concept,
#block laying techniques
Initial plan #initially, we planned to build a tower with concrete basis of a round shape, subsequently with blocks placing on. We assumed the diameter of
the round become diminishing as the tower goes higher.
Barrier/ Conflict #as the “construction” going in process, at the rather beginning we changed our idea to make the basis a square. Followed by a rather
rectangular structure
#another rather frightening part of this construction is to leave an
entrance for the elephant to be accommodated. By referencing other
group ’ s example, we learned the layer at where the entrance is
Much more diverse than other side
# In case of
preventing the
higher layer of the
tower is leaning to
fall, we fixed with
other several blocks
to support. While,
later on we find it is
unnecessary for the
concrete load path.
As the diagram shows,
the side by side blocks, as
a system of load path
have hold on the weight,
the number of the blocks
is more than other layer.
Thus every individual
block has load on smaller
force.
Final outcome
Finally, we managed to take away blocks from the model, amazingly we find the model still stable after taking away a lot of them. The load path
has shown its strength.
Other group
Glossary #Masonry, is bricks or pieces of stone which have been stuck together with cement as part of a wall or building. Like a pyramid.
#Reaction force, when one object apply a strength on another object and keep stable, the other object must be having apply a strength back on
it.
Week2knowledgemap
Week2Studiosessionactivityreport
Theme: Frame Material: Balsa Wood stick
Structural
System
Solid
structure e.g.
Great Wall
Frame
System:
Eiffel Tower
Sheel system:
Sydney Opera
House
Hybrid system:
Beijing
Olympic Park:
Bird Nest
Building system
Structure system
Enclosure System
Mechanical /service System
#Superstructur e #Columns, Beams, Loadbearing
#door, windows, roof, facade, exterior walls
#water supply system, #sewage disposal #Heating, ventilating #electricity
Task To build a frame structural tower with balsa wood stick and glue. # pay attention to the joint.
Plan and in practice # a concrete basis to support the tower where the podia is tightly fixed.
*difficulty__ glue stick does not work well on the slippy surface of the balsa wood stick.
# a back bone should be going through the whole structure as a support, attached with other several sticks to be supporting the construction.
* problem: still the glue, we substituted with tape, while the take will cover the surface of the stick, thus it shall be very hard to bound many stick
at the same level of a stick.
Frame Analysis
Problems
# although we took the height of the tower into consideration, the podia we made, which was later on found still not sufficiently long enough to
have a stable structure
#lack of preparation of material. Thus we could not efficiently connect the sticks
#long podia, stretch out to spread the weight
#connection from the pedia to the main trunk, in order to make more stable structure
Comparison with others’ idea #typical stable and material-saving structure, with stable triangular cross section and neat structure.
Glossary #structural joint
1*Pinned joints theoretically allow rotation but resist translation in any direction.
2*Fixed joints maintain the angular relationship between the jointed elements, restrain rotation
and translation in any direction, and provide both force and moment resistance.
3* Roller joints allow rotation but resist translation in a direction perpendicular into or away
from their faces.
Week 3 Footings and foundations
Knowledge Map--- Structural Concepts & Construction System
Knowledge Map--- Materials
Glossary
1. Moment: the moment of a force is the tendency to make an object or a point rotate. A force will only produce a moment about a point if it is
applied at a distance from that point along a line of action that does not pass through the point. ( Ching, 2011 )
2. Slab/ plate: a wide horizontal element designed to carry vertical bend in bending usually supported by beams. ( Hunt, 2003 )
3. Panel: a deep vertical element designed to carry vertical or horizontal load. ( Hunt, 2003 )
4. Pad footings: also called isolated footings, these type of footings help to spread a point load over a wider area of ground. ( Ching, 2011 )
5. Strip footings: used when loads from a wall or a series of column is spread in a linear manner. ( Ching, 2011 )
6. Raft foundation: sometimes also called a raft slab, this type of foundation provides increased stability by joining the individual strips together
as a single mat. ( Ching, 2011 )
7. Substructure: a base or structure that is below another structure and that supports it. ( Ching, 2011 )
Old Arts Building
Solid structure
Material: Granite
Lot 6 cafe
Frame structure
Material: limestone
North Count Union
House
Hybrid Structure
Hybrid Material
Group Activities
Underground Car Park
Shell structure
Material: concrete
Referencing list
1. Ching, Francis D.K., Building ConstrucGon Illustrated. Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011 e-‐BookVassigh, Shahin, InteracGve Structures Version 2.0, Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008 DVD-‐ROM Hunt, T., Tony Hunt’s Structures Notebook, Architectural Press, 2003)
2. “Tony Hunt’s Structures notework” page. 41 (2003)
3. Ching, F. (2011). Building construction illustrated (4th ed., pp. 3.08). New York: Wiley.
4. Ching, F. (2011). Building construction illustrated (4th ed., pp. 3.02). New York: Wiley.
Week 4
Knowledge Map
Glossary
1. Span: is the distance measured between two structural supports, can be measured between
vertical supports (for a horizontal member) or between horizontal supports (for a vertical member).
(2011,Ching)
2. SPACING: the repeating distance between a series of like or similar elements. often associated with
supporting elements (such as beams, columns etc.) and can be measured horizontally or vertically. (2011,
Ching)
3. Joist: it is one of the horizontal members that run between foundations, walls, or beams to support a ceiling or floor. (2011, Ching)
4. In situ concrete: an concrete element has been poured into framework, placing any required reinforcement, the pouring, vibration and the pouring
of the concrete. (Youtube, 2014)
5. Precast concrete is any concrete element that has been fabricated in a controlled environment and the transported to site for installation. (Youtube,
2014)
Bibliography
1. Ching, F. (2011). Building construction illustrated (4th ed., pp. 4.05). New York: Wiley.
2. Ching, F. (2011). Building construction illustrated (4th ed., pp. 3.08). New York: Wiley.
3. YouTube,. (2014). W04_m2 IN SITU CONCRETE. Retrieved 18 May 2014, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3zW_TBGjfE&feature=youtu.be
4. YouTube,. (2014). W04_m3 PRE CAST CONCRETE. Retrieved 18 May 2014, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=scYY-MMezI0&feature=youtu.be
Week 5
Knowledge Map
Glossary
1. Buckling: to become crushed or bent under a weight or force. Causes the damage of long columns.
2. Metal and timber stud framed walls use smaller sections of framing timber or light gauge framing steel to meet
the structural demands of the constructing.(2014, Ching)
3. Growth: generally one ring per year/ some climates may have more than one growth season per year/ fires or
disease may produce an extra ring (2014, YouTube)
4. Seasoned timber, moisture in wood cells only count for 15%, remove bound water.
5. Plywood: made by gluing and pressing thin laminated together to form a sheet, grain in laminates in alternate
directions strength in two directions. (YouTube, 2014)
Activities
Long beams
easily
buckling by the
force of
compression,
as shown it
could easily
collapse.
With fixed
end and
installing a
stud in the
middle to
buffer the
buckling.
Different
performance
of the long
beam with
different
pinned ends
Model making for the
Oval Pavilion Model
Section of the
basement
Basement level
Bibliography
1. Ching, F. (2011). Building construction illustrated (4th ed., pp. 5.42). New York: Wiley. 2. Ching, F. (2011). Building construction illustrated (4th ed., pp. 2.13). New York: Wiley. 3. YouTube,. (2014). W05_m1 From Wood to Timber. Retrieved 18 May 2014, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJL0vCwM0zg&feature=youtu.be 4. YouTube,. (2014). W05_m3 Engineered Timber Products. Retrieved 18 May 2014, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YrYOGSwtVc&feature=youtu.be
Week 6
Knowledge Map
Activity
Clay tiles that
used to cover
the roof
Traditional
Chinese clay
tiles, the curved
shape has
helped the rain
to drop off the
roof
Old bricks
made of clay
Glossary
1. Concrete roofs are generally flat plates of reinforced concrete, the top surface is sloped towards
drainage points and the entire roof surface finished with applied waterproof membrane. (YouTube,
2014)
2. Flat structural steel roofs consist of a combination of primary and
secondary roof beams for heavier roof finishes such as metal deck/
concrete; or roof beams and purlins for lighter sheet metal roofing.
3. Sloping structural steel roofs consist of roof beams and purlins and lighter
sheet metal roofing.
4. Portal frames consist of a series of braced rigid frames (two columns and beam) with purlins for the roof and
girts for the walls, the walls and roof are usually finished with sheet metal).
5. Truss roofs are framed roofs constructed from a series of open web type steel or timber elements.
Bibliography
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5ms8vmhs50&feature=youtu.be
2. Ching, Building constructing illustrated, 6.04
3. Ching, Building constructing illustrated ,6.06-6.07
4. Ching, Building constructing illustrated ,6.09
Week 7
Week 8
Knowledge Map
Activity: in detail
Section: Function room roof and ceiling A60-01
Scale: 1:5 at A1
ii
Glossary
1. A window sash is the framed part of the window which holds the sheets of glass in place. Most commonly,
though, window sash refers to that part of the window which moves.
2. Door furniture (British and Australian English) or door hardware (North American English) refers to any of the
items that are attached to a door or a drawer to enhance its functionality or appearance.
3. Shearing forces are unaligned forces pushing one part of a body in one direction, and another part of the body
in the opposite direction.
4. Moment of inertia is the mass property of a rigid body that defines the torque needed for a desired angular
acceleration about an axis of rotation. Moment of inertia depends on the shape of the body and may be
different around different axes of rotation. A larger moment of inertia around a given axis requires more torque
to increase the rotation, or to stop the rotation, of a body about that axis.
Bibliography
1. Window sash: http://homerenovations.about.com/od/glossary/g/gloswindowsash.htm
2. Door furniture: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Door_furniture
3. Shear force: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_force
4. Moment of inertia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_of_inertia
Week 9
Knowledge map
Glossary
1. Monolithic materials are: single material or materials combined so that components are in distinguishable.
2. Composite materials are: two or more materials are combined in such a way that the individual materials remain
easily distinguishable
3. Aluminium composite panel (ACP) also aluminium composite material, (ACM) is a type of flat panel that consists
of two thin aluminium sheets bonded to a non-aluminium core. ACPs are frequently used for
external cladding or facades of buildings, insulation, and signage.
Bibliography
1. Sandwich panel: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandwich_panel
On a higher level of this
construction, we can see the
building of flooring system
working here, steel decking which
awaits for being poured with
concrete stand on the one-way
joist slab, after the concrete
hardens, the underneath part
would be carefully removed.
Workers on the top terrace
were collecting distracting
iron wires, in preparation for
a static structure of the
concrete floor system.
Activity: off campus: Swanston Square
On the top of the building, we found the
concrete hadn’t been poured yet, while,
the reinforcement had already been
paced to be bound with concrete.
An undone bathroom of the
construction, exhaust duct is
shown outside to us, it would
be “sucking” the air of the
bath room.
Reinforcement settled for
future concrete, this would
be a good composite
material having a static
structure Central air
conditioner
tubes are
exposing.
Week 10
Knowledge Map
Galvanic corrosion
When copper is exposed to the atmosphere, it reacts with oxygen, the copper starts to dull, first becoming a darker
brown colour and then forming a green copper oxide patina.
Initial connection detail consideration: galvanic corrosion between the copper skin and iron
frame was considered at the time of construction and a solution that allowed for the separation
of the two metals was devised.
1st solution: the two materials were separated at their junctions by a layer of shellac-
impregnated cloth.
2nd solution: to overcome this problem, the original iron armature frame was replaced with a
Teflon-coated stainless steel structure. The selection of stainless steel was made after
extensive corrosion resistance testing and consideration of the physical properties of the
stainless steel and how well it would work.
Future: the new system still includes two different metals and so will require ongoing
inspections and maintenance.
Appendix: Workshop Time: 28 March Material:
1. 3 pine wood bars 2. 1 pine wood sheet 3. Hammer 4. Blade 5. Cutting pad 6. Stationary
Requirement: to utilise the
Material efficiently to mend
The maxim of loading weight
Design outcome:
we took the
shape to engage
static triangles
as supporting to
the structure
Structurally formed of two beams supported by
triangular shorts beams
Consideration: 1. Knots are the weak points of the
structure
2. although triangular design is rather static, the
making process contains much errors on paying
attention to make loads carried balanced.
Testing part
Strategy:
1. 1-73kg: well performance, no evident cracks detected;
2. 73-85: can hear the sound of wood crack, small crack perceived,
3. 85-103: crack became drastic, finally broke.
Due to limited time, the back supporting of sheet
pine wood was not well matained
Other groups’ work
Final outcome: 178 kg
Final outcome: 232kg