CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS: An Overview of the Technology · FILENAME.PPT 1’-6’ Varying Flow Depths...
Transcript of CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS: An Overview of the Technology · FILENAME.PPT 1’-6’ Varying Flow Depths...
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CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS: CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS: An Overview of the TechnologyAn Overview of the Technology
Presented by:Presented by:
ROUX ASSOCIATES, INC.ROUX ASSOCIATES, INC.Environmental Services and ManagementEnvironmental Services and Management
Presentation For:
Peconic River Remedial Alternatives Workshop
Walter H. EifertPrincipal Hydrologist
December 12 & 13, 2000
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What Is AConstructed Wetland?
What Is AConstructed Wetland?
Saturated Substrates
Definition:A designed and man-made complex of:
Emergent and Submergent Vegetation Animal LifeWater That Simulates Natural Wetlands
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Present TreatmentApplications
Present TreatmentApplications
Municipal and Industrial WastewatersAcid Mine DrainageLandfill LeachatesAgricultural RunoffUrban Stormwater
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BIOLOGICALBIOLOGICAL
PHYSICALPHYSICAL
through plants toroot zonethrough plants toroot zone
O2O2
CHEMICALCHEMICAL
TreatedWater
TreatedWater
PlantingSubstratePlanting
Substrate
InfluentInfluent
Contaminant Removal Mechanisms:Multiple Processes At Work
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Specific Removal Processes
Specific Removal Processes
PHYSICALSedimentation
Filtration
Adsorption
Volatilization
CHEMICALPrecipitation
Adsorption
Hydrolysis
Oxidation/Reduction
BIOLOGICALBacterial Metabolism
Plant Metabolism
Plant Absorption
Natural Die-Off
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Types of ContaminantsRemoved
Types of ContaminantsRemoved
Organic SubstancesNutrientsHeavy MetalsSuspended and Colloidal MaterialsPathogens
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Types of Constructed WetlandsTypes of Constructed Wetlands
Free Water Surface Systems
Marsh - Pond - Meadow Sequence
1
2 Subsurface Flow Systems
Engineered cells containing gravel, soil and.or sand treatment media
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Marsh Pond Meadow
Rip-RapRip-Rap WetlandPlants
WetlandPlants
EffluentCollection
System
EffluentCollection
System
To Pond or Receiving System
To Pond or Receiving System
InfluentDistribution
System
InfluentDistribution
SystemOrganic
SubstrateOrganic
Substrate
OutflowControl
Structure
OutflowControl
Structure
InflowControl
Structure
InflowControl
Structure
2”-12”Flow
Free Water Surface Wetland:Marsh Component
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1’-6’ VaryingDepthsFlow
Emergent Vegetation
Emergent Vegetation
SubmergentVegetation
SubmergentVegetation
OutflowCollection
System
OutflowCollection
System
ImperviousBarrier
ImperviousBarrier
OutflowControlOutflowControl
Marsh Pond Meadow
To Receiving SystemTo Receiving
System
Weir
Free Water Surface Wetland:Open Water Pond
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PlantingSurfacePlantingSurface
MeadowPlants
MeadowPlants
Weir
SaturatedWater LevelSaturated
Water Level
EffluentCollection
System
EffluentCollection
System
To Receiving SystemTo Receiving
SystemInfluentDistribution
System
InfluentDistribution
System Mixed PorusMedia
Mixed PorusMedia
OutflowControl
Structure
OutflowControl
Structure
Flow
Marsh Pond Meadow
ImperviousBarrier
ImperviousBarrier
Free Water Surface Wetland:Meadow
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Rip-Rap PlantingSubstratePlanting
SubstrateRip-Rap
Water Level
Hydraulic Gradient
EffluentCollection System
Water Level
To Receiving System
EffluentCollection System
InfluentDistribution
SystemTo Receiving
System
Treatment Media(gravel, sand, soil)
InfluentDistribution
System
OutflowControl
Structure
Treatment Media(gravel, sand, soil)
InflowControl
Structure
OutflowControl
Structure
InflowControl
Structure
Subsurface Flow Systems
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CASE STUDIES
BASF, Williamsburg, VirginiaCity of Glen Cove, New York
CASE STUDIES
BASF, Williamsburg, VirginiaCity of Glen Cove, New York
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Designed and Currently Operate BASF, Williamsburg CW
Designed and Currently Operate BASF, Williamsburg CW
!!COC’s: Zinc, Iron, and AcidityCOC’s: Zinc, Iron, and Acidity
!! Typical Zinc influent: 800 mg/LTypical Zinc influent: 800 mg/L!! Typical Zinc effluent: 0.10 to 1.5 mg/LTypical Zinc effluent: 0.10 to 1.5 mg/L!! Treatment Target Treatment Target -- 2.0 mg/L2.0 mg/L
!!Performance to Date: Performance to Date: ≥≥≥≥≥≥≥≥ 99.9%99.9%!! Flow range: 125,000 to 150,000 gpd Flow range: 125,000 to 150,000 gpd
!!Completed construction January, 1999Completed construction January, 1999
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BASF, Williamsburg Pre-Construction PhotoBASF, Williamsburg Pre-Construction Photo
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BASF, Williamsburg CW Site PlanBASF, Williamsburg CW Site Plan
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BASF, WilliamsburgBASF, Williamsburg
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BASF, WilliamsburgBASF, WilliamsburgBASF, Williamsburg
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BASF, WilliamsburgBASF, Williamsburg
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BASF, WilliamsburgBASF, Williamsburg
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BASF, WilliamsburgBASF, WilliamsburgBASF, Williamsburg
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BASF, WilliamsburgBASF, Williamsburg
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BASF, WilliamsburgBASF, Williamsburg
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BASF, WilliamsburgBASF, WilliamsburgBASF, Williamsburg
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BASF, WilliamsburgBASF, Williamsburg
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BASF, WilliamsburgBASF, Williamsburg
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BASF, WilliamsburgBASF, Williamsburg
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City of Glen Cove, New YorkStormwater Treatment Constructed Wetlands
City of Glen Cove, New YorkStormwater Treatment Constructed Wetlands
COCsCOCs::Typical Nitrogen Influent:Typical Nitrogen Influent:
Projected Nitrogen Removal:Projected Nitrogen Removal:Treatment Design Flow Rate:Treatment Design Flow Rate:
First Flush Hydraulic Retention Time:First Flush Hydraulic Retention Time:Hydraulic Design Flow Rate: Hydraulic Design Flow Rate:
Construction Completion Expected:Construction Completion Expected:
TSS, Nitrogen, Lead, and CopperTSS, Nitrogen, Lead, and Copper4.24 mg/l4.24 mg/l45 45 lbslbs/day/dayBase Flow = 8 Base Flow = 8 cfscfsFirst Flush = 25 First Flush = 25 cfscfs
12 Hours12 Hours450 450 cfscfsApril 2001April 2001
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GLE
N C
OVE
AVE
.
PRATT BLVD.
GLEN COVE CREEK
GLEN ST.
HENDRICK AVE.
RTE. 107
RTE. 107
CHARLES ST.
10 ft x 8 ft Culvert
Twin 12 ft x 6 ftCulverts
ProposedPedestrianPath
Creek
L.I.R
.R.
STUDY AREA SITE PLAN
STUDY AREA SITE PLAN
300 FT
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PRECONSTRUCTIONDebris Waste and Iron Stained Seep Area
PRECONSTRUCTIONDebris Waste and Iron Stained Seep Area
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PRECONSTRUCTIONSeverely Eroded Hillside
PRECONSTRUCTIONSeverely Eroded Hillside
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UNDER CONSTRUCTIONStop Log Structure and Diversion Channel
UNDER CONSTRUCTIONStop Log Structure and Diversion Channel
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POST- CONSTRUCTIONCompleted Micropool
POST- CONSTRUCTIONCompleted Micropool
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Advantages of ConstructedWetland Treatment SystemsAdvantages of ConstructedWetland Treatment Systems
Tolerant of fluctuating hydraulic and contaminant loading rates
Very low operation and maintenance costs
Easy to maintain
Can be designed to provide habitat enhancements and contaminant mitigation
Inexpensive to construct
Provide increased educational opportunities
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Potential Disadvantages of Constructed Wetland Treatment Systems
Potential Disadvantages of Constructed Wetland Treatment Systems
Require relatively large land areas
Lack precise design criteria
Potential vector control concerns