Constitutional Court. 1. Models of Constitutional Adjudication 1.1. History The most important means...
-
Upload
ross-payne -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Constitutional Court. 1. Models of Constitutional Adjudication 1.1. History The most important means...
![Page 1: Constitutional Court. 1. Models of Constitutional Adjudication 1.1. History The most important means of defence of the Constitution, BUT after constitutional.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649efe5503460f94c1361f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Constitutional Court
![Page 2: Constitutional Court. 1. Models of Constitutional Adjudication 1.1. History The most important means of defence of the Constitution, BUT after constitutional.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649efe5503460f94c1361f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
1. Models of Constitutional Adjudication
1.1. HistoryThe most important means of defence of the Constitution, BUT after constitutional State- English absolute parlamentary sovereignty: NOT- French democracy-conception: only Conseil Const.
- Firstly: American checks and balances – The Federalist (1788), Marbury v. Madison (1803)
![Page 3: Constitutional Court. 1. Models of Constitutional Adjudication 1.1. History The most important means of defence of the Constitution, BUT after constitutional.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649efe5503460f94c1361f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1.2. Decentralized (American) model
- US, Scandinavian, Swiss, Estonian
1.3. Centralized (European) model
- (1920), Germany, Spain, Portugal, post-communist countries
- Special: French Const. Council, UK Human Rights Act (1998)
![Page 4: Constitutional Court. 1. Models of Constitutional Adjudication 1.1. History The most important means of defence of the Constitution, BUT after constitutional.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649efe5503460f94c1361f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
2. Establishment of Hungarian Constitutional Court
• German model, BUT
- mainly abstract norm-control + actio popularis
- restricted constitutional complaint
• Is the Hungarian Constitutional Court „the most powerful” in the world?
![Page 5: Constitutional Court. 1. Models of Constitutional Adjudication 1.1. History The most important means of defence of the Constitution, BUT after constitutional.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649efe5503460f94c1361f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
2.1. Organization
- one or more chambers?
- number of judges: 5, 10, (15), 11
- nomination, election, re-election
- plenary session, councils of three judges
![Page 6: Constitutional Court. 1. Models of Constitutional Adjudication 1.1. History The most important means of defence of the Constitution, BUT after constitutional.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649efe5503460f94c1361f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2.2. Procedure
- rules of procedure (own vs. parlamentary standing orders)
- restriction to motion – order 42/1998 AB
- procedure ex officio
- presidential authority - signing
- contradictorial procedure
![Page 7: Constitutional Court. 1. Models of Constitutional Adjudication 1.1. History The most important means of defence of the Constitution, BUT after constitutional.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649efe5503460f94c1361f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
3. Jurisdiction
3.1. Abstract norm-control3.1.1. Preliminary norm-control
- inquiry of bills (50 MPs, committee)- DECISION 16/1991 AB – self-restraintcontrol before final voting - DECISION 50/1997 AB
abolishment of inquiry of bills – DECISION 66/1997 AB
- stay: preliminary review of standing orders of the Parliament + international treaties
- constitutional veto of the President of the Republic
![Page 8: Constitutional Court. 1. Models of Constitutional Adjudication 1.1. History The most important means of defence of the Constitution, BUT after constitutional.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649efe5503460f94c1361f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
3.1.2. Subsequent norm-control
- everybody – actio popularis
- against legal norms (except Constitution) + international treaties (DECISION 4/1997 AB)
- annulment: ex nunc, ex tunc, pro futuro + „temporary measures” (Bokros-packet)
3.1.3. Concrete norm-control- judicial initiation
- suspension of the procedure
- annulment or prohibition of implementation
![Page 9: Constitutional Court. 1. Models of Constitutional Adjudication 1.1. History The most important means of defence of the Constitution, BUT after constitutional.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649efe5503460f94c1361f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
3.2. Constitutional complaint
- conditions- Doctrine of „living law” (DECISION 57/1991
AB) vs. constitutional requirement (DECISION 38/1993 AB)
- Szivárvány case (DECISION 21/1996 AB)- complaint as appeal (DECISION 23/1998 AB)- Act XLV of 1999 – new trial, decision of superior
administrative authority
![Page 10: Constitutional Court. 1. Models of Constitutional Adjudication 1.1. History The most important means of defence of the Constitution, BUT after constitutional.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649efe5503460f94c1361f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
3.3. Constitutional ommission– actio popularis– conditions: ommission of legislative duty +
violation of Constitution – lack of sanction; annulment of inadequate
regulation
3.4. Abstract constitutional interpretation
- initiators - no „advisory opinion” (DECISION 31/1990
AB, DECISION 52/1997 AB)
![Page 11: Constitutional Court. 1. Models of Constitutional Adjudication 1.1. History The most important means of defence of the Constitution, BUT after constitutional.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649efe5503460f94c1361f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
4. Epilog: activism of competence and „authority-
formation”
– Whether is moral interpretation possible in questions of procedure? (Tóth Gábor Attila)
– „authority-formation” of the Constitutional Court: „living law”, „constitutional requirement”, „temporary measures” (Sólyom László) + international treaties, referendum
![Page 12: Constitutional Court. 1. Models of Constitutional Adjudication 1.1. History The most important means of defence of the Constitution, BUT after constitutional.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649efe5503460f94c1361f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Thank you for your attention!