Consti Cases Part 1

8/10/2019 Consti Cases Part 1

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JAVELLANA VS. EXECUTIVE SECRETARYG.R. No. L-36142, March 31 193, !" SCRA 33Co#c$%c&o CJ.

FACTS:On January 20, 1973, just two days before the Sure!e Court de"#ded the se$ue% of %eb#s"#te "ases, Ja&e%%ana f#%ed th#s su#ta'a#nst the resondents to restra#n the! fro! #!%e!ent#n' any of the ros#ons of the roosed Const#tut#on not found #n theresent 193( Const#tut#on) Th#s #s a et#t#on f#%ed by h#! as a F#%##no "#t#*en and a $ua%#f#ed and re'#stered &oter and as a "%ass su#t,

for h#!se%f and #n beha%f of a%% "#t#*ens and &oters s#!#%ar%y s#tuated) Ja&e%%ana a%so a%%e'ed that the +res#dent had announ"ed the#!!ed#ate #!%e!entat#on of the new "onst#tut#on, thru h#s Cab#net, resondents #n"%ud#n')

esondents are a"t#n' w#thout or #n e-"ess of jur#sd#"t#on #n #!%e!ent#n' the sa#d roosed "onst#tut#on uon 'round the that the+res#dent as Co!!ander.#n.Ch#ef of the AF+ #s w#thout author#ty to "reate the C#t#*ens Asse!b%#es/ w#thout ower to aro&eroosed "onst#tut#on/ w#thout ower to ro"%a#! the rat#f#"at#on by the F#%##no eo%e of the roosed "onst#tut#on/ and the e%e"t#onhe%d to rat#fy the roosed "onst#tut#on was not a free e%e"t#on, hen"e nu%% and &o#d)

Fo%%ow#n' that, et#t#oners rayed for the nu%%#f#"at#on of +ro"%a!at#on o) 1102 and any order, de"ree, and ro"%a!at#on wh#"h ha&ethe sa!e #!ort and obje"t#&e)

SSS:1) 4hether or not the #ssue of the &a%#d#ty of +ro"%a!at#on o) 1102 #s a just#"#ab%e or o%#t#"a% $uest#on, andtherefore non.just#"#ab%e)

2) 4hether or not the "onst#tut#on roosed by the 1971 Const#tut#ona% Con&ent#on has been rat#f#ed &a%#d%y"onfor!#n' to the a%#"ab%e "onst#tut#ona% and statutory ros#ons)

3) 4hether or not the roosed Const#tut#on has been a"$u#es"ed #n 5w#th or w#thout &a%#d rat#f#"at#on6 by theeo%e)

) 4hether or not the et#t#oners are ent#t%ed for re%#ef)

() 4hether or not the roosed Const#tut#on by the 1971 Const#tut#ona% Con&ent#on #n for"e)

8:First.To deter!#ne whether or not the new "onst#tut#on #s #n for"e deends uon whether or not the sa#d new "onst#tut#on has beenrat#f#ed #n a""ordan"e w#th the re$u#re!ents of the 193( Const#tut#on) t #s we%% sett%ed that the !atter of rat#f#"at#on of an a!end!entto the "onst#tut#on shou%d be sett%ed a%y#n' the ros#ons of the "onst#tut#on #n for"e at the t#!e of the a%%e'ed rat#f#"at#on of the o%d"onst#tut#on)The #ssue whether the new "onst#tut#on roosed has been rat#f#ed #n a""ordan"e w#th the ros#ons of Art#"%e ;< of the 193(Const#tut#on #s just#"#ab%e as jur#sruden"e here and #n the S 5fro! who! we atterned our 193( Const#tut#on6 sha%% show)

Second) The Const#tut#on does not a%%ow Con'ress or anybody e%se to &est #n those %a"=#n' the $ua%#f#"at#ons and han' thed#s$ua%#f#"at#ons !ent#oned #n the Const#tut#on the r#'ht of suffra'e)

The &otes of ersons %ess than 21 years of a'e render the ro"eed#n's #n the C#t#*en>s asse!b%#es &o#d) +ro"eed#n's he%d #n su"h

C#t#*en>s Asse!b%#es were funda!enta%%y #rre'u%ar, #n that ersons %a"=#n' the $ua%#f#"at#ons res"r#bed #n Art#"%e < Se"t#on 1 of the193( Const#tut#on were a%%owed to &ote #n sa#d Asse!b%#es) And, s#n"e there #s no !eans by wh#"h the #n&a%#d &otes of those %essthan 21 years of a'e "an be searated or se're'ated fro! those of the $ua%#f#ed &oters, the ro"eed#n's #n the C#t#*en>s Asse!b%#es!ust be "ons#dered nu%% and &o#d)


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Fourth) The Court #s not reared to "on"ede that the a"ts the off#"ers and off#"es of the -e"ut#&e eart!ent, #n %#ne w#th+ro"%a!at#on o) 1102, "onnote re"o'n#t#on of or a"$u#es"en"e to the roosed Const#tut#on)

A deart!ent of the Bo&ern!ent "annot Ere"o'n#*e #ts own a"ts) e"o'n#t#on nor!a%%y "onnotes the a"=now%ed'!ent by a arty ofthe a"ts of another) nd#dua% a"ts of re"o'n#t#on by !e!bers of Con'ress do not "onst#tute "on'ress#ona% re"o'n#t#on, un%ess the!e!bers ha&e erfor!ed sa#d a"ts #n sess#on du%y asse!b%ed) Th#s #s a we%%.estab%#shed r#n"#%e of Ad!#n#strat#&e aw and of theaw of +ub%#" Off#"ers) The "o!%#an"e by the eo%e w#th the orders of !art#a% %aw 'o&ern!ent does not "onst#tute a"$u#es"en"e tothe roosed Const#tut#on) e#ther does the Court reared to de"%are that the eo%eDs #na"t#on as re'ards +ro"%a!at#on o) 1102,

and the#r "o!%#an"e w#th a nu!ber of +res#dent#a% orders, de"rees andGor #nstru"t#ons, so!e or !any of wh#"h ha&e ad!#tted%y hadsa%utary effe"ts, #ssued subse$uent%y thereto, a!ounts to a rat#f#"at#on, adot#on or aro&a% of sa#d +ro"%a!at#on o) 1102) The#nt#!#dat#on #s there, and #na"t#on or obed#en"e of the eo%e, under these "ond#t#ons, #s not ne"essar#%y an a"t of "onfor!#ty ora"$u#es"en"e)

As re'ards the a%#"ab#%#ty to these "ases of the ?enro%%ed b#%%? ru%e, #t #s we%% to re!e!ber that the sa!e refers to a do"u!ent"ert#f#ed to the +res#dent for h#s a"t#on under the Const#tut#on by the Senate +res#dent and the Sea=er of the 8ouse of es, andattested to by the rese"t#&e Se"retar#es of both 8ouses, "on"ern#n' %e'#s%at#&e !easures aro&ed by sa#d 8ouses) 4hereas,+ro"%a!at#on o) 1102 #s an a"t of the +res#dent de"%ar#n' the resu%ts of a %eb#s"#te on the roosed Const#tut#on, an a"t wh#"h

Art#"%e ; of the 193( Const#tut#on den#es the e-e"ut#&e deart!ent of the Bo&ern!ent)

n a%% other rese"ts and w#th re'ard to the other resondent #n sa#d "ase, et#t#ons there#n shou%d be '#&en due "ourse, there be#n'!ore than r#!a fa"#e show#n' that the roosed Const#tut#on has not been rat#f#ed #n a""ordan"e w#th Art#"%e ;< of the 193(Const#tut#on, e#ther str#"t%y, substant#a%%y, or has been a"$u#es"ed #n by the eo%e or !ajor#ty thereof/ that sa#d roosedConst#tut#on #s not #n for"e and effe"t/ and that the 193( Const#tut#on #s st#%% the Funda!enta% aw of the and, w#thout rejud#"e tothe sub!#ss#on of sa#d roosed Const#tut#on to the eo%e at a %eb#s"#te for #ts rat#f#"at#on or reje"t#on #n a""ordan"e w#th Art#"%es


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Con'ress a"t#n' as Const#tuent Asse!b%y, has fu%% author#ty to roose a!end!ents, or "a%% for "on&ent#on for the urose by &otes

and these &otes were atta#ned by eso%ut#on 2 and

. Se" 2 A I132: #t #s a !ere #!%e!entat#on of eso%ut#on and #s enou'h that the bas#s e!%oyed for su"h aort#ons #s

reasonab%e) a"#as "ase re%#ed by Bon*a%es #s not reasonab%e for that "ase 'ranted !ore reresentat#&es to ron"es w#th %ess

ou%at#on and "e &ersa) n th#s "ase, atanes #s e$ua% to the nu!ber of de%e'ates other ron"es w#th !ore ou%at#on)

. Se" (: State has r#'ht to "reate off#"e and ara!eters to $ua%#fyGd#s$ua%#fy !e!bers thereof) Further!ore, th#s d#s$ua%#f#"at#on #son%y te!orary) Th#s #s a safety !e"han#s! to re&ent o%#t#"a% f#'ures fro! "ontro%%#n' e%e"t#ons and to a%%ow the! to de&ote !ore

t#!e to the Const#tu#ona% Con&ent#on)

. +ar 1 Se" : th#s #s to a&o#d debase!ent of e%e"tora% ro"ess and a%so to assure "and#dates e$ua% oortun#ty s#n"e "and#dates

!ust now deend on the#r #nd#dua% !er#ts, and not the suort of o%#t#"a% art#es) Th#s ros#on does not "reate d#s"r#!#nat#on

towards any art#"u%ar artyG'rou, #t a%#es to a%% or'an#*at#ons)

DEFENSOR-SANTIAGO vs. COMELEC

(G.R. No. 127325 - March 19 1997!

Dav"#$ C%.

Fa"ts:

+r#&ate resondent Atty) Jesus e%f#n, res#dent of +eo%e>s n#t#at#&e for efor!s,odern#*at#on and A"t#on 5+A6, f#%ed w#th

COC a et#t#on to a!end the "onst#tut#on to %#ft the ter! %#!#ts of e%e"t#&e off#"#a%s, throu'h +eo%e>s n#t#at#&e) 8e based th#s

et#t#on on Art#"%e ;s #n#t#at#&e to a!end the "onst#tut#on "an on%y be #!%e!ented by %aw to be assed by Con'ress) o su"h %aw has been

assed/ 526 The eo%e>s #n#t#at#&e #s %#!#ted to a!end!ents to the Const#tut#on, not to res#on thereof) #ft#n' of the ter! %#!#ts

"onst#tutes a res#on, therefore #t #s outs#de the ower of eo%e>s #n#t#at#&e) The Sure!e Court 'ranted the ot#ons for

nter&ent#on)

ssues:516 4hether or not Se") 2, Art) ;


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5"6 The et#t#on sha%% state the fo%%ow#n':

")1) "ontents or te-t of the roosed %aw sou'ht to be ena"ted, aro&ed or reje"ted, a!ended or reea%ed, asthe "ase !ay be/

")2) the roos#t#on/

")3) the reason or reasons therefor/

")) that #t #s not one of the e-"et#ons roded here#n/

")() s#'natures of the et#t#oners or re'#stered &oters/ and

")I) an abstra"t or su!!ary #n not !ore than one hundred 51006 words wh#"h sha%% be %e'#b%y wr#tten or r#ntedat the to of e&ery a'e of the et#t#on)

5d6 A referendu! or #n#t#at#&e affe"t#n' a %aw, reso%ut#on or ord#nan"e assed by the %e'#s%at#&e asse!b%y of an autono!ousre'#on, ron"e or "#ty #s dee!ed &a%#d%y #n#t#ated #f the et#t#on thereof #s s#'ned by at %east ten er "entu! 5106 of there'#stered &oters #n the ron"e or "#ty, of wh#"h e&ery %e'#s%at#&e d#str#"t !ust be reresented by at %east three er"entu! 536 of the re'#stered &oters there#n/ +roded, howe&er, That #f the ron"e or "#ty #s "o!osed on%y of one 516%e'#s%at#&e d#str#"t, then at %east ea"h !un#"#a%#ty #n a ron"e or ea"h baran'ay #n a "#ty shou%d be reresented by at

%east three er "entu! 536 of the re'#stered &oters there#n)

5e6 A referendu! of #n#t#at#&e on an ord#nan"e assed #n a !un#"#a%#ty sha%% be dee!ed &a%#d%y #n#t#ated #f the et#t#ontherefor #s s#'ned by at %east ten er "entu! 5106 of the re'#stered &oters #n the !un#"#a%#ty, of wh#"h e&ery baran'ay #sreresented by at %east three er "entu! 536 of the re'#stered &oters there#n)

5f6 A referendu! or #n#t#at#&e on a baran'ay reso%ut#on or ord#nan"e #s dee!ed &a%#d%y #n#t#ated #f s#'ned by at %east ten er"entu! 5106 of the re'#stered &oters #n sa#d baran'ay)

S$c&o# 6. S$c"a' R$"s&ra&"o). The Co!!#ss#on on %e"t#on sha%% set a se"#a% re'#strat#on day at %east three 536 wee=s beforea s"hedu%ed #n#t#at#&e or referendu!)

S$c&o# . $r"*"ca&"o) o* S")a&0r$s. The %e"t#on e'#strar sha%% &er#fy the s#'natures on the bas#s of the re'#stry %#st of &oters,&otersD aff#dats and &oters #dent#f#"at#on "ards used #n the #!!ed#ate%y re"ed#n' e%e"t#on)

II. ; Na&o#a+ I#&&a&*$ a# R$


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5b6 The roos#t#on #n an #n#t#at#&e on the Const#tut#on aro&ed by a !ajor#ty of the &otes "ast #n the %eb#s"#te sha%%be"o!e effe"t#&e as to the day of the %eb#s"#te)

5"6 A nat#ona% or %o"a% #n#t#at#&e roos#t#on aro&ed by !ajor#ty of the &otes "ast #n an e%e"t#on "a%%ed for the urose sha%%be"o!e effe"t#&e f#fteen 51(6 days after "ert#f#"at#on and ro"%a!at#on by the Co!!#ss#on)

S$c&o# 1". +roh"4"&$# M$as0r$s. The fo%%ow#n' "annot be the subje"t of an #n#t#at#&e or referendu! et#t#on:

5a6 o et#t#on e!bra"#n' !ore than one 516 subje"t sha%% be sub!#tted to the e%e"torate/ and

5b6 Statutes #n&o%n' e!er'en"y !easures, the ena"t!ent of wh#"h are se"#f#"a%%y &ested #n Con'ress by theConst#tut#on, "annot be subje"t to referendu! unt#% n#nety 5906 days after #ts effe"t#ty)

S$c&o# 11. I)#"r$c& I)"&"a&"v$. Any du%y a""red#ted eo%eDs or'an#*at#on, as def#ned by %aw, !ay f#%e a et#t#on for #nd#re"t#n#t#at#&e w#th the 8ouse of eresentat#&es, and other %e'#s%at#&e bod#es) The et#t#on sha%% "onta#n a su!!ary of the "h#ef urosesand "ontents of the b#%% that the or'an#*at#on rooses to be ena"ted #nto %aw by the %e'#s%ature)

The ro"edure to be fo%%owed on the #n#t#at#&e b#%% sha%% be the sa!e as the ena"t!ent of any %e'#s%at#&e !easure before the 8ouse oferesentat#&es e-"et that the sa#d #n#t#at#&e b#%% sha%% ha&e re"eden"e o&er the end#n' %e'#s%at#&e !easures on the "o!!#ttee)

S$c&o# 12.A$a'. The de"#s#on of the Co!!#ss#on on the f#nd#n's of the suff#"#en"y or #nsuff#"#en"y of the et#t#on for #n#t#at#&e

or referendu! !ay be aea%ed to the Sure!e Court w#th#n th#rty 5306 days fro! not#"e thereof)

III. ; Loca+ I#&&a&*$ a# R$


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S$c&o# 14. E**$c&"v"&, o* Loca' +roos"&"o)s. f the roos#t#on #s aro&ed by a !ajor#ty of the &otes "ast, #t sha%% ta=e effe"tf#fteen 51(6 days after "ert#f#"at#on by the Co!!#ss#on as #f aff#r!at#&e a"t#on thereon had been !ade by the %o"a% %e'#s%at#&e bodyand %o"a% e-e"ut#&e "on"erned) f #t fa#%s to obta#n sa#d nu!ber of &otes, the roos#t#on #s "ons#dered defeated)

S$c&o# 1!. L""&a&"o)s o) Loca' I)"&"a&"v$s. 5a6 The ower of %o"a% #n#t#at#&e sha%% not be e-er"#sed !ore than on"e a year)

5b6 n#t#at#&e sha%% e-tend on%y to subje"ts or !atters wh#"h are w#th#n the %e'a% owers of the %o"a% %e'#s%at#&e bod#es to

ena"t)

5"6 f at any t#!e before the #n#t#at#&e #s he%d, the %o"a% %e'#s%at#&e body sha%% adot #n toto the roos#t#on resented, the#n#t#at#&e sha%% be "an"e%%ed) 8owe&er, those a'a#nst su"h a"t#on !ay, #f they so des#re, a%y for #n#t#at#&e #n the !annerhere#n roded)

S$c&o# 16. L""&a&"o)s o) Loca' L$"s'a&"v$ 6o#"$s. Any roos#t#on or ord#nan"e or reso%ut#on aro&ed throu'h thesyste! of #n#t#at#&e and referendu! as here#n roded sha%% not be reea%ed, !od#f#ed or a!ended, by the %o"a% %e'#s%at#&e body"on"erned w#th#n s#- 5I6 !onths fro! the date therefro!, and !ay be a!ended, !od#f#ed or reea%ed by the %o"a% %e'#s%at#&e bodyw#th#n three 536 years thereafter by a &ote of three.fourths 53G6 of a%% #ts !e!bers: +roded, howe&er, that #n "ase of baran'ays, theer#od sha%% be one 516 year after the e-#rat#on of the f#rst s#- 5I6 !onths)

S$c&o# 1. Loca' R$*$r$)#0. otw#thstand#n' the ros#ons of Se"t#on hereof, any %o"a% %e'#s%at#&e body !ay sub!#t to there'#stered &oters of autono!ous re'#on, ron"es, "#t#es, !un#"#a%#t#es and baran'ays for the aro&a% or reje"t#on, any ord#nan"eor reso%ut#on du%y ena"ted or aro&ed)

Sa#d referendu! sha%% be he%d under the "ontro% and d#re"t#on of the Co!!#ss#on w#th#n s#-ty 5I06 days #n "ase of ron"es and"#t#es, forty.f#&e 5(6 days #n "ase of !un#"#a%#t#es and th#rty 5306 days #n "ase of baran'ays)

The Co!!#ss#on sha%% "ert#fy and ro"%a#! the resu%ts of the sa#d referendu!)

S$c&o# 1.A0&hor"&, o* Co0r&s. oth#n' #n th#s A"t sha%% re&ent or re"%ude the roer "ourts fro! de"%ar#n' nu%% and &o#d anyroos#t#on aro&ed ursuant to th#s A"t for o%at#on of the Const#tut#on or want of "aa"#ty of the %o"a% %e'#s%at#&e body to ena"t thesa#d !easure)

IV. ; a+ 7ro*&/&o#/

SECTIN 19.A'"ca4"'"&, o* &h$ O)"40s E'$c&"o) Co#$. The O!n#bus %e"t#on Code and other e%e"t#on %aws, not#n"ons#stent w#th the ros#ons of th#s A"t, sha%% a%y to a%% #n#t#at#&es and referenda)

S$c&o# 2". R0'$s a)# R$0'a&"o)s. The Co!!#ss#on #s hereby e!owered to ro!u%'ate su"h ru%es and re'u%at#ons as !aybe ne"essary to "arry out the uroses of th#s A"t)

S$c&o# 21.Aror"a&"o)s. The a!ount ne"essary to defray the "ost of the #n#t#a% #!%e!entat#on of th#s A"t sha%% be "har'eda'a#nst the Cont#n'ent Fund #n the Benera% Aror#at#ons A"t of the "urrent year) Thereafter, su"h su!s as !ay be ne"essary forthe fu%% #!%e!entat#on of th#s A"t sha%% be #n"%uded #n the annua% Benera% Aror#at#ons A"t)

S$c&o# 22. S$ara4"'"&, C'a0s$. f any art or ros#on of th#s A"t #s he%d #n&a%#d or un"onst#tut#ona%, the other arts orros#ons thereof sha%% re!a#n &a%#d and effe"t#&e)

S$c&o# 23. E**$c&"v"&,. Th#s A"t sha%% ta=e effe"t f#fteen 51(6 days after #ts ub%#"at#on #n a newsaer of 'enera% "#r"u%at#on)

Aro&ed: A5)5/ 4, 199

7RCLAMATIN N. 1

So&ere#'nty res#des #n the eo%e and a%% 'o&ern!ent author#ty e!anates fro! the!)

On the bas#s of the eo%e>s !andate "%ear%y !an#fested %ast February 7, and Sa%&ador 8) aure% are ta=#n' ower #n the na!e andby the w#%% of the F#%##no eo%e as +res#dent and


11/19

The eo%e e-e"t a reor'an#*at#on of 'o&ern!ent) er#t w#%% be rewarded) As a f#rst ste to restore ub%#" "onf#den"e e-e"t a%%ao#nted ub%#" off#"#a%s to sub!#t the#r "ourtesy res#'nat#ons be'#nn#n' w#th the !e!bers of the Sure!e Court)

%ed'e to do just#"e to the nu!erous "t#!s of hu!an r#'hts o%at#ons)

Cons#stent w#th the de!ands of the so&ere#'n eo%e, we %ed'e a 'o&ern!ent ded#"ated to uho%d truth and just#"e, !ora%#ty andde"en"y #n 'o&ern!ent, freedo! and de!o"ra"y)

To he% !e run the 'o&ern!ent, ha&e #ssued -e"ut#&e Order o) 1dated February 2(, 19I ao#nt#n' =ey "ab#net !#n#sters and"reat#n' "erta#n tas= for"es)

as= our eo%e not to re%a- but to be e&en !ore '#%ant #n th#s one !o!ent of tr#u!h) The other%and "annot than= the! enou'h)Net, we a%% rea%#*e that !ore #s re$u#red of ea"h and e&eryone of us to redee! our ro!#ses and ro&e to "reate a tru%y just so"#etyfor our eo%e)

Th#s #s just the be'#nn#n') The sa!e s#r#t wh#"h an#!ated our "a!a#'n, and has %ed to our tr#u!h, w#%% on"e !ore re&a#%, by theower of the eo%e and by the 'ra"e of Bod)

one #n the C#ty of an#%a, th#s 2(th of February #n the year of Our ord, n#neteen hundred and e#'hty.s#-)

5S'd)6 COAHO C) AO+res#dent

Reference: avante!"e "ios# "aroy# $ala%!Tirol &'())*. #"tatorsh# and e&o%ut#on. Conspectus Foundation +nc., p. -'

7RCLAMATIN N. 3

8ECLARING A NATINAL 7LICY T IM7LEMENT RERMS MAN8ATE8 0Y T:E 7E7LE 7RTECTING T:EIR 0ASICRIG:TS, A87TING A 7RVISINAL CNSTITUTIN, AN8 7RVI8ING R AN R8ERLY TRANSITIN T A

GVERNMENT UN8ER A NE= CNSTITUTIN

=:EREAS,the new 'o&ern!ent was #nsta%%ed throu'h a d#re"t e-er"#se of the ower of the F#%##no eo%e ass#sted by un#ts of theew Ar!ed For"es of the +h#%##nes/

=:EREAS,the hero#" a"t#on of the eo%e was done #n def#an"e of the ros#ons of the 1973 Const#tut#on, as a!ended/

=:EREAS,the d#re"t !andate of the eo%e as !an#fested by the#r e-traord#nary a"t#on de!ands the "o!%ete reor'an#*at#on of

the 'o&ern!ent, restorat#on of de!o"ra"y, rote"t#on of bas#" r#'hts, rebu#%d#n' of "onf#den"e #n the ent#re 'o&ern!ent syste!,erad#"at#on of 'raft and "orrut#on, restorat#on of ea"e and order, !a#ntenan"e of the sure!a"y of "#%#an author#ty o&er the!#%#tary, and the trans#t#on to 'o&ern!ent under a ew Const#tut#on #n the shortest t#!e oss#b%e/

=:EREAS,dur#n' the er#od of trans#t#on to a ew Const#tut#on #t !ust be 'uaranteed that the 'o&ern!ent w#%% rese"t bas#"hu!an r#'hts and funda!enta% freedo!s/

=:ERERE, I, CRA>N C. A?UIN,+res#dent of the +h#%##nes, by rtue of the ower &ested #n !e by the so&ere#'n!andate of the eo%e/ do hereby ro!u%'ate the fo%%ow#n' Const#tut#on:
http://wp.me/p10moZ-q8Zhttp://wp.me/p10moZ-q8Z


12/19


13/19

ARTICLE IIIGVERNMENT RERGANI>ATIN

SCTO 1) n the reor'an#*at#on of the 'o&ern!ent, r#or#ty sha%% be '#&en to !easures to ro!ote e"ono!y, eff#"#en"y, and theerad#"at#on of 'raft and "orrut#on)

SCTO 2) A%% e%e"t#&e and ao#nt#&e off#"#a%s and e!%oyees under the 1973 Const#tut#on sha%% "ont#nue #n the off#"e unt#%

otherw#se roded by ro"%a!at#on or e-e"ut#&e order or uon the des#'nat#on or ao#nt!ent and $ua%#f#"at#on of the#r su""essors,#f su"h #s !ade w#th#n a er#od of one year fro! February 2(, 19I)

SCTO 3) Any ub%#" off#"e or e!%oyees searated fro! the ser"e as a resu%t of the reor'an#*at#on effe"ted under th#s+ro"%a!at#on sha%%, #f ent#t%ed under the %aws then #n for"e, re"e#&e the ret#re!ent and other benef#ts a""ur#n' thereunder)

SCTO ) The re"ords, e$u#!ent, bu#%d#n's, fa"#%#t#es and other roert#es of a%% 'o&ern!ent off#"es sha%% be "arefu%%y reser&ed)n "ase any off#"e or body #s abo%#shed or reor'an#*ed ursuant to th#s +ro"%a!at#on, #ts funds and roert#es sha%% be transferred tothe off#"e or body to wh#"h #ts owers, fun"t#ons, and resons#b#%#t#es substant#a%%y erta#n)

ARTICLE IVEXISTING LA=S

SCTO 1) A%% e-#st#n' %aws, de"rees, e-e"ut#&e orders, ro"%a!at#ons, %etters of #nstru"t#on, #!%e!ent#n' ru%es and re'u%at#ons,

and other e-e"ut#&e #ssuan"es not #n"ons#stent w#th th#s +ro"%a!at#on sha%% re!a#n oerat#&e unt#% a!ended, !od#f#ed, or reea%edby the +res#dent or the re'u%ar %e'#s%at#&e body to be estab%#shed under a ew Const#tut#on)

SCTO 2) The +res#dent !ay reew a%% "ontra"ts, "on"ess#ons, er!#ts, or other for!s of r#%e'es for the e-%orat#on,de&e%o!ent, e-%o#tat#on, or ut#%#*at#on of natura% resour"es entered #nto, 'ranted, #ssued, or a"$u#red before the date of th#sro"%a!at#on and when the nat#ona% #nterest re$u#res, a!end, !od#fy, or re&o=e the!)

ARTICLE VA87TIN A NE= CNSTITUTIN

SCTO 1) 4#th#n s#-ty 5I06 days fro! date of th#s +ro"%a!at#on, a Co!!#ss#on sha%% be ao#nted by the +res#dent to draft a ewConst#tut#on) The Co!!#ss#on sha%% be "o!osed of not %ess than th#rty 5306 nor !ore than f#fty 5(06 natura% born "#t#*ens of the+h#%##nes, of re"o'n#*ed rob#ty, =nown for the#r #ndeenden"e, nat#ona%#s! and atr#ot#s!) They sha%% be "hosen by the +res#dentafter "onsu%tat#on w#th &ar#ous se"tors of so"#ety)

SCTO 2) The Co!!#ss#on sha%% "o!%ete #ts wor= w#th#n as short a er#od as !ay be "ons#stent w#th the need both to hasten thereturn of nor!a% "onst#tut#ona% 'o&ern!ent to draft a do"u!ent tru%y ref%e"t#&e of the #dea%s and as#rat#ons of the F#%##no eo%e)

SCTO 3) The Co!!#ss#on sha%% "ondu"t ub%#" hear#n's to #nsure that the eo%e w#%% ha&e ade$uate art#"#at#on #n thefor!u%at#on of the ew Const#tut#on)

SCTO ) The %enary sess#on of the Co!!#ss#on sha%% be ub%#" and fu%%y re"orded)

SCTO () The ew Const#tut#on sha%% be resented by the Co!!#ss#on to the +res#dent who sha%% f#- the date for the ho%d#n' of a%eb#s"#te) t sha%% be"o!e &a%#d and effe"t#&e uon rat#f#"at#on by a !ajor#ty of the &otes "ast #n su"h %eb#s"#te wh#"h sha%% be he%dw#th#n a er#od of s#-ty 5I06 days fo%%ow#n' #ts sub!#ss#on to the +res#dent)

ARTICLE VI

:L8ING ELECTINS

SCTO 1) at#ona% e%e"t#ons sha%% be he%d as !ay be roded by the ew Const#tut#on)

SCTO 2) o"a% e%e"t#ons sha%% be he%d on a date to be deter!#ned by the +res#dent wh#"h sha%% be he%d on a date to bedeter!#ned by the +res#dent wh#"h sha%% not be ear%#er than the date of the %eb#s"#te for the rat#f#"at#on of the ew Const#tut#on)

ARTICLE VIIEECTIVE 8ATE


14/19

SCTO 1) Th#s +ro"%a!at#on sha%% ta=e effe"t uon #ts ro!u%'at#on by the +res#dent)

SCTO 2) +ursuant to the %etter and s#r#t of th#s +ro"%a!at#on, a "onso%#dated off#"#a% te-t of the +ros#ona% Const#tut#on sha%% bero!u%'ated by the +res#dent and ub%#shed #n n'%#sh and +#%##no #n the off#"#a% Ba*ette and #n newsaers of 'enera% "#r"u%at#onto #nsure w#desread d#sse!#nat#on)

O #n the C#ty of an#%a, the 2(thof ar"h, #n the year of Our ord, #neteen 8undred and #'hty.S#-)

5S'd)6 CRA>N C. A?UIN

y the +res#dent:

5S'd)6 JOK +) AONO

-e"ut#&e Se"retary

Reference: avante!"e "ios# "aroy# $ala%!Tirol &'())*. #"tatorsh# and e&o%ut#on. Conspectus Foundation +nc., pp. -/!-01

Co#/& Ar XVII S$c&o# 2.Th#s Const#tut#on sha%% ta=e effe"t #!!ed#ate%y uon #ts rat#f#"at#on by a !ajor#ty of the &otes "ast #n a%eb#s"#te he%d for the urose and sha%% suersede a%% reous Const#tut#ons)

The fore'o#n' roosed Const#tut#on of the eub%#" of the +h#%##nes was aro&ed by the Const#tut#ona% Co!!#ss#on of 19I onthe twe%fth day of O"tober, #neteen hundred and e#'hty.s#-, and a""ord#n'%y s#'ned on the f#fteenth day of O"tober, #neteenhundred and e#'hty.s#- at the +%enary 8a%%, at#ona% Bo&ern!ent Center, ue*on C#ty, by the Co!!#ss#oners whose s#'natures arehereunder aff#-ed)

7RCLAMATIN N. !

7RCLAIMING T:E RATIICATIN T:E CNSTITUTIN T:E RE7U0LIC T:E 7:ILI77INES A87TE8 0Y T:ECNSTITUTINAL CMMISSIN 196, INCLU8ING T:E R8INANCE A77EN8E8 T:ERET

=:EREAS, the Const#tut#ona% Co!!#ss#on of 19I adoted the Const#tut#on of the eub%#" of the +h#%##nes on O"tober 1(, 19I,to'ether w#th the Ord#nan"e aended thereto, wh#"h sha%% be"o!e &a%#d and effe"t#&e uon rat#f#"at#on by a !ajor#ty of the &otes"ast #n a %eb#s"#te "a%%ed for the urose/

=:EREAS, the Co!!#ss#on on %e"t#ons, s#tt#n' as the nat#ona% board of "an&assers for the February 2, 197 %eb#s"#te on theroosed Const#tut#on, "ert#f#ed that:

516 The Co!!#ss#on on %e"t#ons "an&assed the returns fro! 3,2 &ot#n' re"#n"ts throu'hout the "ountry #n&o%n' 21,7(,21I&otes "ast/ and

526 On the bas#s of the "an&ass !ade by the Co!!#ss#on on %e"t#ons, the resu%ts thereof are as fo%%ows:

5a6 Aff#r!at#&e &otes: 1I,I22,111

5b6 e'at#&e


15/19

5"6 Abstent#ons: 209,730

A "oy of the Cert#f#"ate of Can&ass of the N C. A?UIN, +res#dent of the +h#%##nes, by rtue of the owers &ested #n !e by the so&ere#'n!andate of the eo%e, do hereby ro"%a#! that the Const#tut#on of the eub%#" of the +h#%##nes adoted by the Const#tut#ona%Co!!#ss#on of 19I, #n"%ud#n' the Ord#nan"e aended thereto, has been du%y rat#f#ed by the F#%##no eo%e and #s thereforeeffe"t#&e and #n fu%% for"e and effe"t)

IN =ITNESS =:ERE, ha&e hereunto set !y hand and "aused the sea% of the eub%#" of the +h#%##nes to be aff#-ed)

8NE#n the C#ty of an#%a, th#s 11th day of February, #n the year of Our ord, #neteen 8undred and #'hty.Se&en)

5S'd)6 CRA>N C. A?UIN

y the +res#dent:

5S'd)6 JOK +) AONO

-e"ut#&e Se"retary

CERTIICATE VTES CAST IN T:E E0RUARY 2, 19 7LE0ISCITE N T:E 196 7R7SE8 CNSTITUTIN

4e, the unders#'ned Cha#r!an and Co!!#ss#oners of the Co!!#ss#on on %e"t#ons, s#tt#n' en ban" at the Sess#on 8a%% of theCo!!#ss#on on %e"t#ons, ntra!uros, an#%a, +h#%##nes, as the at#ona% oard of Can&assers for the +%eb#s"#te on the 19Iroosed Const#tut#on he%d on February 2, 197 do hereby "ert#fy:

+SCT STO

That ursuant to Se"t#on (, Art#"%e < of +ro"%a!at#on o) 3 and Se"t#on 1 of +ro"%a!at#on o) 9, as a!ended, the fo%%ow#n'$uest#on was sub!#tted to the F#%##no eo%e:

STO: EO NO "%o"=+)) of February 7, 197/

CAATO OF STS

That after sa#d "an&ass, we hereby de"%are the resu%ts thereof to be as fo%%ows:

Aff#r!at#&e


16/19

e'at#&e


17/19

5S'd)6 TOAS


18/19

ssue: 4hether the Court shou%d enterta#n the et#t#on for de"%aratory re%#efM

8e%d:

t #s e%e!entary that th#s Court assu!es no jur#sd#"t#on o&er et#t#ons for de"%aratory re%#ef)5ote: OC rodes that the jur#sd#"t#on

for et#t#ons for de"%aratory re%#ef #s w#th the TC 6

ore #!ortant%y, the et#t#on a!ounts #n effe"t to a su#t a'a#nst the #n"u!bent +res#dent of the eub%#", +res#dent Cora*on C)

A$u#no, and #t #s e$ua%%y e%e!entary that #n"u!bent +res#dents are #!!une fro! su#t or fro! be#n' brou'ht to "ourt dur#n' theer#od of the#r #n"u!ben"y and tenure)

t be#n' a !atter of ub%#" re"ord and "o!!on ub%#" =now%ed'e that the Const#tut#ona% Co!!#ss#on refers there#n to #n"u!bent

+res#dent Cora*on C) A$u#no and


19/19

8owe&er, #n e"e!ber 192I, CC he%d #ts e%e"t#ons and the Senate +res#dent as we%% as the 8ouse Sea=er, notw#thstand#n' O

o) 37 and the obje"t#on of the Bo&ernor.Benera%, st#%% e%e"ted #%ton Sr#n'er and four others as oard of #re"tors of CC)

Thereafter, a 2uo %arrantoro"eed#n' #n beha%f of the 'o&ern!ent was f#%ed a'a#nst Sr#n'er et a% $uest#on#n' the &a%#d#ty of the#r

e%e"t#on #nto the oard of CC)

ISSUEF 4hether or not the Senate +res#dent as we%% as the 8ouse Sea=er "an &a%#d%y e%e"t the oard e!bers of CC)

:EL8F o) )O) o 37 #s &a%#d) t #s #n a""ordan"e w#th the do"tr#ne of searat#on of owers) The Sure!e Court e!has#*ed that

the %e'#s%ature "reates the ub%#" off#"e but #t has noth#n' to do w#th des#'nat#n' the ersons to f#%% the off#"e) Ao#nt#n' ersons to a

ub%#" off#"e #s essent#a%%y e-e"ut#&e) The CC #s a 'o&ern!ent owned and "ontro%%ed "ororat#on) t was "reated by Con'ress) To

e-tend the ower of Con'ress #nto a%%ow#n' #t, throu'h the Senate +res#dent and the 8ouse Sea=er, to ao#nt !e!bers of the

CC #s a%ready an #n&as#on of e-e"ut#&e owers) The Sure!e Court howe&er notes that #ndeed there are e-"et#ons to th#s ru%e

where the %e'#s%ature !ay ao#nt ersons to f#%% ub%#" off#"e) Su"h e-"et#on "an be found #n the ao#nt!ent by the %e'#s%ature of

ersons to f#%% off#"es w#th#n the %e'#s%at#&e bran"h @ th#s e-"et#on #s a%%owab%e be"ause #t does not wea=en the e-e"ut#&e bran"h

Ara#$a * 8)+a/a#G.R. No. L-2"44 A5)5/ 26, 1949T0aso) %.

Fa"ts:1) The et#t#ons "ha%%en'ed the &a%#d#ty of e-e"ut#&e orders #ssued by rtue of CA o) I71 or the !er'en"y +owers A"t) CA I71

de"%ared a state of e!er'en"y as a resu%t of war and author#*ed the +res#dent to ro!u%'ate ru%es and re'u%at#ons to !eet su"he!er'en"y) 8owe&er, the A"t d#d not f#- the durat#on of #ts effe"t#ty)

2) O I2 re'u%ates renta%s for houses and %ots for res#dent#a% bu#%d#n's) The et#t#oner, Araneta, #s under rose"ut#on #n the CF foro%at#on of the ros#ons of th#s O I2 and rays for the #ssuan"e of the wr#t of roh#b#t#on)

3) O 192, a#!s to "ontro% e-orts fro! the +h#%##nes) eon a) Buerrero see=s a wr#t of mandamusto "o!e% the Ad!#n#strator ofthe Su'ar uota Off#"e and the Co!!#ss#oner of Custo!s to er!#t the e-ortat#on of shoes) oth off#"#a%s refuse to #ssue there$u#red e-ort %#"ense on the 'round that the e-ortat#on of shoes fro! the +h#%##nes #s forb#dden by th#s O)

) O 22(, wh#"h aror#ates funds for the oerat#on of the Bo&ern!ent dur#n' the er#od fro! Ju%y 1, 199 to June 30, 19(0, andfor other uroses was assa#%ed by et#t#oner u%o'#o odr#'ue*, Sr), as a ta-.ayer, e%e"tor, and res#dent of the a"#ona%#sta +arty)8e a%#ed for a wr#t of roh#b#t#on to restra#n the Treasurer of the +h#%##nes fro! d#sburs#n' the funds by rtue of th#s O)

() F#na%%y, O 22I, wh#"h aror#ated +I to defray the e-enses #n "onne"t#on w#th the nat#ona% e%e"t#ons #n 199) was $uest#onedby Anton#o arredo, as a "#t#*en, ta-.ayer and &oter) 8e as=ed the Court to re&ent ?the resondents fro! d#sburs#n', send#n' orotherw#se d#sos#n' of that a!ount or any art of #t)?

SS: 4hether or not CA I71 "eased to ha&e any for"e and effe"t

NS)1) The A"t f#-ed a def#n#te %#!#ted er#od) The Court he%d that #t be"a!e #noerat#&e when Con'ress !et dur#n' theoen#n' of the re'u%ar sess#on on ay 19I and that Os I2, 192, 22( and 22I were #ssued w#thout author#ty of %aw ) Thesess#on of the Con'ress #s the o#nt of e-#rat#on of the A"t and not the f#rst se"#a% sess#on after #t)

2) -e"ut#&e Orders o) I2 5dated June 21, 1976 re'u%at#n' house and %ot renta%s, o) 192 5dated e"e!ber 2,196 re'u%at#n' e-orts, os) 22( and 22I 5dated June 1(,1996 the f#rst aror#at#on funds for the oerat#on of theBo&ern!ent fro! Ju%y 1, 199 to June 30, 19(0, and the se"ond aror#at#n' funds for e%e"t#on e-enses #n o&e!ber199, were therefore de"%ared nu%% and &o#d for han' been #ssued after A"t o) I71 had %ased andGor after theCon'ress had ena"ted %e'#s%at#on on the sa!e subje"ts) Th#s #s based on the %an'ua'e of A"t I71 that the at#ona%

Asse!b%y restr#"ted the %#fe of the e!er'en"y owers of the +res#dent to the t#!e the e'#s%ature was re&ented fro!ho%d#n' sess#ons due to ene!y a"t#on or other "auses brou'ht on by the war)

Consti Cases Part 1

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