Constantinos Balaras - Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, NOA

Building Refurbishment for Energy Efficiency - A Cost Effective National Energy Resource

Group Energy Conservation, Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Greece

XX www.facebook.com/GRoupEnergyConservation

Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development www.meteo.noa.gr

Group Energy conservation

www.energycon.org

National Observatory of Athens www.noa.gr

C.A. Balaras Dr Mechanical Engineer, Research Director

[email protected]

E.G. Dascalaki, K.G. Droutsa, S. Kontoyiannidis

Int. Symposium ERFC «Social Cooperatives for Energy Cost Reduction», REMIDA, Athens, 31 March, 2015

https://www.facebook.com/pages/Group-Energy-Conservation/470346983048626

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Final Energy Consumption: 1104.5 Mtoe

Buildings: 437.9 Mtoe (39.6%)

Residential: 289.2 Mtoe (26.2%)

Non-Residential: 148.7 Mtoe (13.5%)

Final Energy Consumption: 17.13 Mtoe

Buildings: 7.27 Mtoe (42.4%)

Residential : 5.04 Mtoe (29.4%)

Non-Residential: 2.23 Mtoe (13.0%)

Source: Eurostat pocketbooks, 2014


Directives: Energy Efficiency (27/2012)

EPBD (31/2010)

RES (28/2009)

ECODESIGN (125/2009)

High energy-efficiency

Low carbon economy

Reduce energy import dependency

Increase security of supply

Targets:

2020 Reduce GHGs by 20%, Increase to 20% share of RES in

energy mixture, Increase by 20% energy savings

2030 Reduce GHGs by 40%, Increase to 27% share of RES in

energy mixture, Increase by 27% energy savings

Int. Symposium ERFC «Social Cooperatives for Energy Cost Reduction», REMIDA, Athens, 31 March, 2015 3

4 Int. Symposium ERFC «Social Cooperatives for Energy Cost Reduction», REMIDA, Athens, 31 March, 2015

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INITIAL

PHASE

INITIAL

EVALUATION

DETAILED

EVALUATION

WORKS

DEFINITION

WORKS

PHASE

FINAL

PHASE

PROJECT

PHASE

PREPARATION

PHASE

The building is broken down to 50 structural and functional elements, with one or more types. For

each element, common deteriorations are grouped in four diagnosis codes; “a” (best condition,

no retrofit action needed) to code “d” (worst condition, replacement is necessary). Each code is

associated with specific renovation or refurbishment works.

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TOBUS

XENIOS

EPIQR

Diagnosis, Deterioration of

building elements, Retrofit

scenarios, Assessment of IEQ &

Energy, Cost of refurbishment

INVESTIMMO

Deterioration & lifespan of different building

elements, environmental impact (e.g. use of

natural resources, pollutants) and indicators,

quality of life, total value of building

www.meteo.noa.gr/xenios


Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Total CO2

emissions

savings in (kt)

#1. Thermal insulation of external walls 3573.6

#13. Solar collectors for sanitary hot water production 2709.7

#3. Weather proofing (sealing) of openings 1712.2

#4. Double glazing 1539.2

#5. Maintenance of central heating installations 951.4

#14. Energy efficient lamps 817.3

#2. Thermal insulation of roof 549.6

#6. Replacement of inefficient oil-boilers 438.6

#12. Replacement of old and inefficient local AC units 240.9

#8. Temperature balance controls for central space heating 156.8

#9. Space thermostats 146.9

#7. Replacement of inefficient oil-boilers with gas-boilers 144.0

#10. External shading 78.2

#11. Ceiling fans 93.0

CO2 emissions savings (kt)

ECM O/C H S HC

#1. Thermal insulation of external walls 54.1 48.7 54.0 52.8

#2. Thermal insulation of roof 10.9 12.0 9.5 10.5

#3. Double glazing 46.9 21.1 21.6 26.6

#4. Maintenance of central heating installations 137.5 59.5 23.4 34.8

#5. Replacement of inefficient oil-boilers 49.2 23.1 23.5 29.6

#6. Replacement of oil- boilers with gas-boilers 16.4 5.4 -- 18.7

#7. Temperature balance controls for central space heating 26.0 5.7 9.0 7.5

#8. Space thermostats 18.4 2.6 6.3 5.3

#9. External shading 49.6 21.1 21.6 26.6

#10. Ceiling fans 488.5 292.9 28.3 38.8

#11: Night ventilation. 53.9 -- -- --

#12: Solar collectors for sanitary hot water 15.3 133.4 1.5 45.9

#13: Energy efficient lamps. 713.1 369.0 148.2 106.2

#14: BMS - Building Management System. 815.1 423.5 -- 59.7

Offices/Commercial Hotels

Residential

Health Care Schools

HIGH

POTENTIAL

Source:

C.A. Balaras et al, European Residential Buildings and Empirical Assessment of the Hellenic Building Stock, Energy Consumption, Emissions & Potential Energy Savings, Building and Environment, Vol. 42, No 3, p. 1298-1314, 2007.

A.G. Gaglia et al, Empirical Assessment of the Hellenic Non-Residential Building Stock, Energy Consumption, Emissions and Potential Energy Savings, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 48, No 4, p. 1160-1175 , 2007. 6

7 Source:

K.G. Droutsa, et al., Ranking cost effective energy conservation measures for heating in Hellenic residential buildings, Energy & Buildings, Vol. 65, p. 318-332, (2014)

HIGH

POTENTIAL

Max Primary Energy Savings

EN

VE

LO

PE

E

/M S

YS

TE

MS

MFH SFH

Min Payback Period

SFH

Energy Savings & Payback Period

MFH

Challenges & Opportunities

How can we quantify them ?

Operational Energy

Performance Database

Calculations -

Simulations

Energy Balance

Sheets

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Energy Performance Indicator Tracking Schemes

for the Continuous Optimisation of Refurbishment Processes

in European Housing Stocks

www.episcope.eu

National building typologies

Indicators for rates of refurbishment

Indicators for the effectiveness of ECMs

Realistic models for assessing ECMs Methodology for

continuous monitoring of

energy performance

National Pilot Actions

Tool

Realistic assessment of

potential energy savings

Closing the gap between DESIGN - BUILT - REFURBISH - OPERATE

building performance

www.building-typology.eu


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www.episcope.eu

ENERGY & BUILDINGS

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES


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National Brochures-Energy advice

TABULA WEBTOOL http://webtool.building-typology.eu/webtool/tabula.html?c=all

EPISCOPE WEBTOOL New & Updated versions to be released soon

http://episcope.eu/building-typology/webtool

EPISCOPE BROCHURES New & Updated versions

http://episcope.eu/communication/download/


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Final Energy Consumption (Space Heating & DHW) use only one energy carrier source for space heating or space heating and DHW

MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING (7,139 dwellings) SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSING (1,874 dwellings)

“Prebound” effect actual < calculated

“Rebound” effect actual > calculated

more evident for calculated

high-EUI (i.e. dwellings with

poor energy performance)

more evident for calculated

low-EUI (i.e. dwellings with

good energy performance)

Adaptation Factors f(Actual/Calculated)


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Adaptation Factors f(Actual/Calculated)

<8 hrs/day (71% SFH, 82% MFH)

Continuous (11% SFH, 8% MFH) Entire heated floor area (7% SFH, 17% MFH) 27% Dissatisfied


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2009 vs 08 2010 vs 09 2011 vs 10 2012 vs 11 2013 vs 12 Electricity -1.6% -3.1% -1.4% -0.5% +1.2% Natural Gas +27.6% +15.4% -0.9% -2.1% -3.2% Oil -20.4% -8.0% -10.1% -14.7% -46.1% Solid Fuels -17.9% +5.3% +1.1% +46.4% +20.7%

HDD 1434 1445 1342 1790 1655 1481



Calculated Primary (kWh/m2)

Esti

mat

ed A

ctu

al P

rim

ary

(kW

h/m

2)

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BUILDING ENVELOPE Double Glazing Thermal insulation

PEU: Primary Energy Use; HDDR: Reference values; HDDA: Actual period of consumption

HEATING SYSTEMS & DHW Oil to Natural gas Oil to Heat pumps Replace burner Solar collectors

Adaptation Factors f(After/Before)


Final energy: 5 Mtoe (2012) Savings 469ktoe (2016), 1933ktoe (cumulative 2015-20) (1% for 2014 & 2015, 1.25% for 2016 & 2017, 1.5% for 2018, 2019, 2020)

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CO2 emissions: 12.3Mt (2005) -4% of 2005=11.8Mt (2020), -30% of 2005=8.6Mt(2030)


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It is time to Unleash the potential of energy conservation in buildings

Plan a realistic path forward (Use proper financing schemes, Inform-Engage-Facilitate stakeholders)


Constantinos Balaras - Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, NOA

Environment

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