Constant -ve acceleration

Constant +ve acceleration

gradient

Graphs of motion

0 acceleration

Area under graph

Area under graph

Area under graph

Random Motion

Small fast moving air particles hit slow fast

moving smoke particles- Brownian

Motion

Small volume, more collisions with wall,

more pressure

Higher temp. more collision with wall,

more pressure

Pressure- hits the walls of the container

• tightly packed, regular shape

• Vibrate• Little free

space

• close together with no regular arrangement

• Slide over each other

• Little free space

Kinetic Theory

• well separated with no regular arrangement

• move randomly at high speeds

• Lots of free space

Cooling process

The larger surface area has more surface

molecules so more evaporation takes place

The wind molecules hit the surface

molecules thereby removing it from

liquid

Heat provides more energy to surface molecules thereby

increasing evaporation rate

Evaporation of water from the skin removes heat energy from the skin thereby cooling the skin

Escape of more energetic molecules from the surface of liquid

F=1/T refraction

reflectionv = f x ƛ

Period-Time taken for 1 wave to pass a point

Frequency is the number of waves passing a point in

one second

Wavefronts

Transfers energy

Waves

diffraction

Transverse- particles move 90° to wave

motion

Longitudinal-particles move parallel to wave

motion

Low speed, small wavelength

High speed, large wavelength

Q=E = mcϪT

Thermal capacity

C-Specific heat capacity of a substance is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of substance by 1C

Lf- latent heat of fusion is the energy required to melt 1kg of substance without changing its temperature.

E =P x t = VIt

Hotter body has more internal

energy

Higher SHC takes longer to

get hot

Lv-e latent heat of vaporisation is the energy required to boil 1 kg of a substance into gas without changing its temperature.

V,I,t,T,m

VirtualLaterally invertedSame size as the objectSame distance behind the mirror as the object is in front

Refractive index, n = sin i/sin r

Or

c =3 x 108 m/s

Fiber optics

DispersionROYGBIVReflection Refraction

Light

i <cr

i = cr

i > cr

Gate X Usually Lets In More Radiation- order of wavelength

Vacuum-3 x 108 m/s

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Monochromatic light