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Transcript of Consonants, Vowels, Diphthongs Green
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ORAL ENGLISH ENHANCEMENT
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT LOUIS
TUGUEGARAO
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It isnt what you saybut how you say it.
It is what you say
and how you say it."
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PARALANGUAGEMeaning is conveyed by thevoice.
1.Loudness level
2.Rate of speech
3.How rapidly or slowlyone speaks
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4. The way silence isused
5. The range of vocalpitches
6. Vocal quality of the
speaker
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VOICEVOICE vehicle bywhich people
share/transmit ideas
- connects thespeaker and the
listener
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Elements:
Volume the
intensity, theloudness or softness
of the speakersvoice
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Rate speed of
speech
Pitch highness orlowness
Variety volume,
pitch rate
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Read the followingsentences.1. THIS IS NORMAL LOUDNESS.
2.THIS IS VERY LOUD.
3. This is soft.
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Read the following phrases andsentences.1. Hello there. HELLO THERE!
HELLO THERE!
2. Speech laboratory. SPEECHLABORATORY.
SPEECHLABORATORY.
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3. Valentines Day. VALENTINES
DAY.VALENTINESDAY.
4. Watch out. WATCH OUT!
WATCH OUT!
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DICTION- articulation ofspeech sounds clearly
and pronunciation ofwords correctly
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Art iculat ion - forming
individual speechsounds correctly with
your mouth, so theycombine to produce
an understandable
word
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Pronunciat ion
-stressing and
accenting the rightsyllables in a word
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THE SPEECH MECHANISM1. RESONATORS - throat,
mouth, nose
2.ARTICULATORS tongue,lower lip, jaw
3. POINTS OF ARTICULATION upper lip, teeth ridge, soft
palate, hard palate, uvula
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SOME BASIC
CONCEPTS INLANGUAGE LEARNING
Each language has itsown system. English has
sounds not found in theFilipinos mother tongue.
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Further, the spelling ofEnglish words cannot
be a guide for thepronunciation of the
words.
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Filipino learners may
have errors through:
Substitutions: :
paib for five,Englis for English
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Omissions :ak foract, ask for
asked
Intrusions :evening, business
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The two steps in
learning a language:
Recognition ofsounds: ear training
to be able to distinguish
the correct
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sound from the incorrect
sound (pried pis forfriedfish)
and to distinguish one
sound from another(mom-mum-maam;
mop-map tree-three)
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Reproduction
Conscious reproduction-through practice
Unconsciousreproduction- after the
speech habits havebeen formed.
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CRITICAL SOUNDS OF
ENGLISH
Consonantsf - fine sh - English
v - love ch - speechj - college
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soft th - threehard th - father
zh - Asia
z - zero,ist - time, looked
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Vowels
short a - maplong a - late
short i - sitlong i - seat
closed o - no, rowopen o - law, raw
o equals a - hot God
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Short u orschwa sound -
cup, run
In unstressed vowels -
diction pronunciationteacher semester
seven even
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DRILLS
Consonants
f - fine, find,
four, face,fall, friend,
Philippines,effect, perfect,
fifty
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difficult, fifteen,define, half, life,
proof, off, safe, laugh,tough
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v - very, vote,
value, vital, visit,vivid, vase, favor,
seven, never,
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over, river, advice,
convince,love, live, give, serve,
drive, believe, receive
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sh - she, shall, share,
show, sharp,
champagne, sure,fashion, cushion,
election, vacation,
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delicious, conscious,English, Spanish,
brush, dish, fish,crush, crash
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ch - chair, chapter,chief, channel,
challenge, champion,teacher, preacher,
virtue,
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creature, actual,feature, speech,
teach, March, much,rich, reach, such
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j - job, join, joke,June, gentle,
genius, general,jewel, enjoy,
magic, subject,angel,
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major, individual,large, image,
edge, pledge, college,change, verge
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soft th - three,
thirsty, think, thank,
thing, Thursday,theme, nothing,
birthday,mathematics,
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method, author,
athlete, bath, south,youth, mouth, teeth,
month, strength
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hard th - this, then,therefore, thus, they,
though, the, their,these, father, mother,
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rather, other, either,
further, brother, with,
breathe, loathe,clothe, bathe, soothe
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z - zero, zebra, zoo,
zipper, zap, zeal,
zealot, zinc, freeze,breeze, blaze,
analyze,
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criticize, verbalize,heroism, journalism,
plagiarism, egoism,lionize
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(s endings) -boys,girls, schools, does,
is, please, because,wise, choose, lose,
use, abuse, propose
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zh - pleasure,
measure, treasure,
vision, usual, leisure,seizure, Asia,
corsage, garage,prestige, massages
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t - time, today,tomorrow, talk, teach,
test, tonight, ten, act,subject, perfect,
correct, absent,
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distract, rent, dropped,talked, stopped, liked,
worked, packed,finished
VOWELS
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VOWELS
Short a - Maam,
map, man, cap,blank, fact, add,
subtract, bad, sad,land, cash, lamp,
lack math pass
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last, fast, ask, answer,
thank, that, lab, land,crash, track, catch,
grammar, gather,lack, transfer,
faculty, land, exam,
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example, actually,
finance, balance,absent, practice,
personality, canteen,
married, guarantee,satisfies, sandwich,
salad practical
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anchor, language,
Spanish, program,channel, Saturday,
anthem, graduate,preliminary, applicant,
parents, talent,
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accident, character,
personality, capital,matter, happen,
master, manager,
standard, value,analyze, analysis,
national
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Mum- mom-maam
Hut-hot-hat
Cup-cop-capLuck-lock-lack
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Stuck-stock-stackSuck-sock-sack
Mud-mod-mad
Stump-stomp-stamp
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begun-began lust-last
flush-flash pus-pass
bug-bag ton-tanblock-black adopt-
adapt
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Long i - seat, bee,
see, speak, read,teach, eat, leave,
she, each, even,fever, believe,
receive, meet,leap,
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teeth, breathe, deal,free, cheese, easy,
field, please, repeat,least, feel
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Short i - in, this, it, fill,
fit, ship, live, sit, slip,chip, lady, baby, ready,
Miss, mister, women,many, critic, captain,
mountain, fountain,
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certain, curtain,
language, village,
advantage, sausage,college, knowledge,
senate, climate,graduate, immediate
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live-leave hill-heal
still-steal sit-seat
itch-each grin-green
fit-feet hit-heatsick-seek
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Bit-beat
pitch-peachhill-heel
Fill-feel
bitch-beachship-sheep
Closed o - no so
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Closed o no, so,also, zero,
radio, video,
stereo, colon,motto, potato,
though,
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solo, vocal, local,
going, know, show,slow, grow, tallow,
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follow, tomorrow, only,
omit, over, open,okay, old, cold,
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bold, told, notice,
vocabulary, October,November, moment
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Open o - law, saw,
lawn, pawn, slaw,thaw, dawn,
awesome, daughter,
author, audit,
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taut, laudable, bought,
taught, water, warm,
warning, war, bald,broad
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Congress, contest,bottom, color,
common, logic, sorry,apologize, dollar,
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foreign, commandant,sponsor, philosophy,
sociology, biology,
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economics, doctor,
orange, scholar,
comfort, October,comma, double
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schwa - the neutral
sound in unstressedvowels
father, mother,
preacher, mentor,color, favor, mental,
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final, motor, little,vehicle, title,
example, contribute,distribute,
i t l t t
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picture, lecture, tenure,
doctor, professor,similar, registrar,
moment, judgment,assignment, seven,
chicken, eleven, even,
wanted rented WORDS OFTEN
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WORDS OFTEN
MISPRONOUNCED1. a piece of paper, asheet of paper, padpaper, coupon bond,
rubber band, fax,people, our, hour
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2. [] centennial,
millennium, decade,
prevalent, scarce,sever, diabetic,
depreciate, prayer
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3. [] culture,fundamental,
ultimate, multi-lingual,country, southern,
journalism, journey
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4. poem, renege, nuisance,
unravel, awry, privy,president, precedent (n),
precedent (adj)
5. [ j ] education, graduate,
gradual soldier
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6. [ d ] radio, audio,video, studio, audience,dual, duty, due, duet,
dew
7. [gz] exam, example,exact, exist, exotic,
exhort
8 contrasting pairs: [ s ]
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8. contrasting pairs: [ s ]
and [ z ]
ice-eyesprecedent-president
house (n)-house (v)face-phase
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price-prize
use (n) - use (v)
rice-riseplace-plays
advice - advise
peace piece
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peace-piece
loose-lose
lice-lieslacy-lazy
gross-grows
cease sees seize DIPHTHONGS
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DIPHTHONGS
[aI] life,
time, night, right,
bright, why, icon,
wise, file, Im, Ive,
Ill, cry, try, apply,
feisty, heist
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[au] how,
now, brown, cow, out,
our, hour, oust, town,towel, powder, loud,
proud, abound
[ I] b
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[ I] boy,
toy, joy, oil, boil, toil,poise, coin, join, joint,
voice, noisy, soy,
point, anoint
[ I] d l
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[eI] day, play,
pray, prey, eight, ate,late, mate, train, brain,
stain, stale, stage,raid, maid, aim, ache,
April, angel, lady,
away sale bake
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away, sale, bake,
matinee, sachet,gauge, amoral,
apolitical, latent,heinous, remain,
abstain, retain, Amen
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SENTENCE DRILLSRead each sentence.
1.The bandage was
wound around the
wound.
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2. The dump was so
full that it had torefuse more refuse.
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3. He could lead if he
would get the leadout.
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4. The soldier decided
to desert his dessertin the desert.
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5. The insurance wasinvalid for the invalid.
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6. After a number of
injections, my jaw gotnumber.
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7. Upon seeing the
tear in the painting, Ished a tear.
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8. The wind was so
strong to wind thesail.
RHYTHM OF ENGLISH
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RHYTHM OF ENGLISH
Word Stress- The stressed
syllable is given: more
force, higher pitch, and
larger duration
Example: teacher,comfortable, testimony
A long word frequently
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g q y
has two stressed syllables,
a primary accent and a
secondary accent.
Example: E-du-CA-tion
Generally, unstressed
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y,
vowels are obscured ordeemphasized and given
the sound of schwa or[I]
Example: people, motor,seven, language
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Prefixes of negation
should be stressed:
Example: uneven,incoherent,
disadvantaged
Commonly Mispronounced
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Words:1.professor2.semester
3.committee
4.honorable5.distinguished
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11. amicable
12. negotiate
13. talented14. orator
15. condolence
16 i t t
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16. interpret
17. appreciate
18. controversy19. testimony
20.percentage
21 pronunciation
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21. pronunciation
22. education
23. preliminary24. subsidiary
25. manual
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26. actually
27. communication
28. clarification29. anniversary
30. differentiate
Sentence Stress- content
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Sentence Stress content
words, or words thathave meaning in
themselves are stressed.
These are nouns, verbs
(except linking and auxiliary
verbs), adjectives andadverbs.
Two others are given
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Two others are given
stress:demonstratives (this,
that) andinterrogatives (Who,
What, Why, etc.).
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Function words, like
articles, pronouns,prepositions, conjunctions,
and linking and helping
verbs are not stressed.
Phrasing and Pausing
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Normally, all but the
shortest sentences are
divided into two or more
parts or thought groups.
Generally pauses are made
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after a group of words
which has an idea, such asphrase or clause.
Example:
Phrasing/ depends upon the
meaning/ of what you say./
Pausing is necessary in a
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g ysentence for thefollowing reasons:
To separate ideas andset them apart as units
of thought to make themeaning clear.
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To point out an importantid t b d
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idea to be expressed.
Example:
The most dangerous forceoperating today is/ apathyof the people.
To enable the speaker to
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p
catch his breath in a long
sentence
To allow the speaker some
time to organize his thoughts
To allow the audience to
digest the words previously
said
To serve as verbal
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punctuation marks in a
sentence, especially when
there are commas, colons,
semi-colons in the printed
page
To signal change of ideas or
change of mood
SENTENCES
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1.Ask not what your
country can do for you:
ask what you can do for
your country.
2 I have a dream today I
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2. I have a dream today. I
have a dream that one daythis nation will rise up and
live out the true meaning of
its creed: We hold these
truths to be self-evident:
that all men are created
equal.
Blending- an
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Blending an
uninterrupted flow ofbreath within the
thought group
/ lamateacher/ from theschool of education/.
Liaising vowel-vowel
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Rule: glide between 2 vowel sounds
Go away
[go(w)away]The others
[the(y)others]
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LiaisingT + Y = CHSpelling/
Pronunciation
Whats your name?[Whacher name?]
Cant you do it?
[Canchoo do it?]
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Dont you like it?
[Donchoo like it?]
Actually[Achully]
Liaising consonant-consonant
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I just didnt get the chance[Ijussdidnt ge(t)thechance]
Liaising consonant consonant
Rule: connect ccs in similarposts
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Ive been late twice.
[ivebin la(t)twice]
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Liaising D + Y = JSpelling
Pronunciation
What did you do?
[Whajoo do?]
Would you help me?
[Wjoo helpme?]
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Did you like it?[Didja like it?]
Graduation
[graju(w)ation]
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Liaising Z + Y = ZHSpelling
Pronunciation
Hows your family?
[howzher famly?]
Whos your friend?
[hoozhier friend?]
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casual
[kazhyoowl]
usual[yuzhoowl]
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Liaising consonant-vowelRule: glide consonantto vowel sounds
Shut up Work out
Look out Lay off
Shame on you
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Intonation- is the tune of what we say
Id like: an apple
a carto hear his answer
to go home now
Would you like to