Consonants: StopsConsonants: Stops

Unit TwoUnit Two

Allophonic VariationsAllophonic Variations

Aspirated: strong burst of air Aspirated: strong burst of air that accompanies the release of that accompanies the release of airair

Un-aspirated: more subtle (put Un-aspirated: more subtle (put hand in from of your mouth)hand in from of your mouth)

Nasal Release: release from an Nasal Release: release from an oral stop into a nasal stoporal stop into a nasal stop

Allophonic Variations (2)Allophonic Variations (2)

Nasal Resonance: when the Nasal Resonance: when the sound resonates in your nose sound resonates in your nose (hold nose while saying the (hold nose while saying the word)word)

Glottal stop: speech sound that Glottal stop: speech sound that is articulated by a momentary is articulated by a momentary complete closing of the glottis in complete closing of the glottis in the back of the throatthe back of the throat

Allophonic VariationsAllophonic Variations

Assimilated to a front sound: sound Assimilated to a front sound: sound of the ending of one word blends into of the ending of one word blends into the sound of the beginning of the the sound of the beginning of the following wordfollowing word

Allophone: any of the spoken speech Allophone: any of the spoken speech sounds that represent a single sounds that represent a single phoneme such as the aspirated ‘K’ in phoneme such as the aspirated ‘K’ in kitkit

Phoneme: the smallest unit of sound Phoneme: the smallest unit of sound in the sound system of a languagein the sound system of a language

Allophonic VariationsAllophonic Variations

Nasal Stop: where there Nasal Stop: where there occlusion (manner in which the occlusion (manner in which the upper and lower teeth come upper and lower teeth come together when the mouth is together when the mouth is closed) in the vocal tract shifts closed) in the vocal tract shifts the airflow to the nasal tractthe airflow to the nasal tract

Affricate: a complex speech Affricate: a complex speech sound consisting of a stop sound consisting of a stop consonant followed by a fricativeconsonant followed by a fricative

Allophonic VariationsAllophonic Variations

Affrication: the conversion of a Affrication: the conversion of a simple stop consonant into an simple stop consonant into an affricateaffricate

Fricative: a consonant produced Fricative: a consonant produced by the forcing of breath through by the forcing of breath through a constricted passagea constricted passage