Considerations for Supporting TechnologyConsiderations for Supporting Technology Equipment in Seismic Environments

Sam Rodriguez, RCDDProduct Manager for Cabinets and Thermal Management Products

Chatsworth Products, Inc.

Wh t i th Ri k?What is the Risk?

What is an Earthquake?

According to Collins English Dictionary, an Earthquake is defined as: “a sudden release of energy in the earth's crust or upper mantle usually caused bya sudden release of energy in the earth s crust or upper mantle, usually caused by movement along a fault plane or by volcanic activity and resulting in the generation of seismic waves which can be destructive” http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/earthquake

http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2012/10/10/managing-seismic-risk-of-downtime/

http://iwgcr.org/japan-earthquake-puts-data-centers-and-cloud-services-at-risk/

Hazard or Risk?

Earthquake hazard Earthquake riskEarthquake hazard is anything associated with an earthquake that may affect the normal activities of

l Thi i l d f

Earthquake risk is the probable building damage, and number of people that are expected to be hurt

kill d if lik l th kpeople. This includes surface faulting, ground shaking, landslides, liquefaction, tectonic deformation and tsunamis

or killed if a likely earthquake on a particular fault occurs. Earthquake risk and earthquake hazard are occasionally incorrectly useddeformation, and tsunamis. occasionally incorrectly used interchangeably

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=earthquake%20hazardhttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=earthquake%20risk

How often do Earthquakes Occur?

For any given year,

10 000 Magnitude 4 light10,000 Magnitude 4 – light 1,500 Magnitude 5 - moderate18 Magnitude 7 - major1 Magnitude 8 – great g g

IRIS – Incorporated Research Institutions for SeismologyHow Often Do Earthquakes Occur, June 2011.

Seismic Hazard Maps

• Published by the USGS – U.S. Geological Survey g y

• Depict potential shaking hazard from future earthquakes

• Earthquakes not limited to CA• USGS provides more detailed

data used by engineers to d i i h ddesign structures to withstand shaking from earthquakes

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/products/conterminous/

Seismic Shaking Intensity Maps

- FEMA - Federal Emergency Management Agency publishes a Shaking Intensity Map

- The map estimates the shaking intensity that different regions are likely to experience during future seismic events U d i i i i k- Used to estimate seismic risk

http://www.fema.gov/earthquake/fema-e-74-reducing-risks-nonstructural-earthquake-damage-chapter-32-estimating-seismic#1

Do Standards Address Seismic?

• ANSI/BICSI 002-2011 6.2.1 Seismic Activity – Seismic activity and the potential for activity should be strongly considered before y p y g y

selecting a data center site. – Seismically active areas should be avoided whenever possible.

• TIA-942-ATIA 942 A – Section 6.4.4.9 Seismic considerations - Specifications for related facilities shall

accommodate the applicable seismic zone requirements. Refer to Telcordia specification GR-63-CORE for more information regarding seismic considerations. g g

– Annex E.1 – The building code should conform to seismic standards applicable to the International Building Code Seismic Zone of the site.

– Annex E.6 – The site should not be located near an earthquake fault.– F.4.5 – IV Data Center: Fault Tolerant (architectural) – A fault tolerant data center has

considered all potential physical events that could cause the data center to fail.

Why Build a Data Center in a Seismically Active Area?

• Critical Facilities / Services– Hospitals –

• Require direct access to the network at all times for patient records• Life support and monitoring devices must remain operational• Life safety equipment must remain operational • Communications equipment must remain operational

– Emergency Management Agencies• Access to network for data is essential to remain functioning• Communications services are critical for monitoring and planning

– Government– Public Utilities

• Any organization in these areas that desires onsite datacenter facilities

Network Reliability Considerations

• What are the reliability requirements for your network / data center?C ff d th d ti if t k i d f t d d• Can you afford the downtime if your network is down for an extended period of time?

• If you are relying on redundant networks, are you still meeting redundancy y y g y g yrequirements if you lose one network for an extended period?

• Local personnel responsible for your data center may be impacted by the eventevent.– Will they be able to reach the data center?– Will they be available to support the rebuilding effort or will they prioritize personal

needs?needs?

Seismic Performance Requirements

• Once the decision has been made to build in an area with seismic risk, a few questions remain:questions remain:

• Before, during and after seismic activity, what are the requirements? – The installation meets code requirements for safety– The installation meets code requirements for safety and must survive small earthquakes – The installation meets code requirements for safety and must survive the most severe q y

earthquakes

C d d St d dCodes and Standards

GR-63 NEBSTM Requirements: Physical Protection

• Most common set of safety, spatial, and environmental design guidelines li d t t l i ti i t i th U it d St tapplied to telecommunications equipment in the United States

• NEBS is why telephones work after an earthquake or thunderstorm!

• Developed by Bell Labs in 1970 to simplify the design and deployment ofDeveloped by Bell Labs in 1970 to simplify the design and deployment of telecommunications equipment for central offices

• GR-63 managed by Telcordia Technologies, now owned by Ericsson

• Used worldwide for commercial, utility, and defense applications for high reliability

GR-63 NEBSTM Requirements: Physical Protection

• Telcordia Technologies GR-63-CORE, Issue 4, April 2012, Sections 4.4.1 & 4.4.2 requirements; Section 5.4.1 Test.

– Seismic test originally developed by the telecommunications industry to define general requirements for g y p y y g qcentral office equipment with a focus on preventing system downtime

– Testing includes a series of physical shaker table tests, during which a loaded cabinet is placed through simulated severe earthquake conditions

h b f h l d ( ”) d h h l– The cabinet must perform with limited movement (< 3.0”) and survive the test without permanent structural or mechanical damage ensuring the internal equipment is not damaged

– The test criteria focus on equipment survivability – will the cabinet perform in such a way that it will survive without permanent structural or mechanical damage, and be able to protect equipment, allowing equipmentwithout permanent structural or mechanical damage, and be able to protect equipment, allowing equipment to continue operating during and after the event

– The test criteria are conservative, requiring a high-performance design

– The test conditions are aggressive, subjecting the cabinet to a wide range of simulated severe / catastrophic earthquake conditions

– This is a best-practice approach for “seismic-testing” telecommunications equipment

Building Codes

• The International Building Code (IBC) was developed by the International Code Council (ICC)Council (ICC)

• The ICC was established in 1994 when three regional model code groups combined to create one model code without regional boundaries

– BOCA – Building Officials and Code Administrators International IncBOCA – Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc.– ICBO - International Conference of Building Officials– SBCCI – Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc.

• The IBC is a model building code that has been adopted by all 50 states, the District of g p y ,Columbia, and is used by multiple federal agencies for construction abroad

• The IBC relies heavily on the standards published by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), specifically the Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and g ( ), p y g gStructures (ASCE-7)

Building Codes

2012 IBC, SECTION 1613 EARTHQUAKE LOADS

1613.1 Scope. Every structure and portion thereof including1613.1 Scope. Every structure, and portion thereof, including nonstructural components that are permanently attached to structures and their supports and attachments, shall be designed and constructed to resist the effects of earthquake motions in accordance with ASCE 7…

– Component design– Component Supports– Component Attachment– Importance factor

• 1.0 for non-essential equipment • 1.5 for essential equipmentq p

Building Codes

• IBC 2012, California Building Code 2013 and ASCE 7 allow Manufacturer’s Certification or Project Specific Design to show compliance to non-structural j p g prequirements

• Manufacturer’s Certification can be obtained by• Analysis (calculations) - analysis of the structure can easily be performedAnalysis (calculations) analysis of the structure can easily be performed • Testing (ICC-ES AC156) – testing, rather than calculations to qualify an entire system

loaded with equipment. • Experience data – prove that a designed has successfully survived a previous eventExperience data prove that a designed has successfully survived a previous event

• For racks and cabinets, analysis is typical – The calculations confirm an acceptable method of anchorage for the cabinet based on a specific

load, anchor method and site conditions,

OSHPD and OPM

• California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) created in 1978created in 1978

• Holds jurisdiction over the Alfred E. Alquist Seismic Safety Act – Established seismic safety building standards program for hospitals built after March 7,

1973

– Act initiated due to life loss during Sylmar earthquake of 1971 due to hospital collapses

– Act requires essential facilities like hospitals remain operational after an earthquake• Ultimate public safety benefit of the Act is to have general acute care hospital buildings that not only are

capable of remaining intact after a seismic event but are also capable of continued operation and provision of acute care medial services after a seismic event.

Seismic Compliance Program Overview, State of California – health and Human Services Agency, Edmund G. Brown Jr GovernorBrown Jr. Governor

OSHPD and OPM

• An OPM number is a Preapproval of Manufacture’s Certification (OPM)

• OPM is a voluntary program for review and approval of seismic design of supports and attachments for nonstructural components to be used in health facilities construction in California

• An issued OPM means the combination of components, supports and attachments described by the OPM has been pre-approved for use in those specific conditions described in the OPM

• OPM are required for California Building Code (CBC) 2013-based projects and can also be used for CBC 2001, CBC 2007 or CBC 2010 based projects

• OSHPD Preapproval of Anchorage (OPA) are discontinued :

• OSHPD webpage:p ghttp://www.oshpd.ca.gov/fdd/Pre-Approval/preaproval_of_manufacturer_certification.html

C bi t C id tiCabinet Considerations

TIA 569 Cabinet Standards

• TIA-569-C – Provides Standards for Cabinet Size and Clearances• 6 3 9 4• 6.3.9.4

• Installation of blanking panels and baffles around equipment• Seal air leaks around cable ingress points

C i ld h i fl• Contain cold or hot air flow streams• 6.3.9.6

• Adequate depth to accommodate equipment, cabling at front & rear, power cords, cable management hardware, and power strips. Consider cabinets at least 150 mm (6 in) deeper or wider than largest installed equipment

• 6.3.9.8• For patch panels, recess front rails 100 mm (4 in) front and 100 mm (4 in) rear.

TIA 569 Cabinet Standards Continued

• TIA-569-C – Provides Standards for Cabinet Size and Clearances• 6 3 9 10• 6.3.9.10

• Consider the use to two power strips on two distinct feeds

• 6.3.9.11• A vertical cable manager shall be installed between each rack and at both ends

Regulatory Requirements

• CA Energy Commission’s 2013 Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24) went into effect July 1 201424) went into effect July 1, 2014– Specific requirements for new or retrofit computer rooms and data centers with 20W/ft2 of

equipment

– New standards can apply to small computer closets in offices to large data centersNew standards can apply to small computer closets in offices to large data centers

• Containment in new large, high-density data centers with air-cooled computers is required

Titl 24 d t ff ti d t th t i t f i i d i– Title 24 does not offer exemptions due to the constraints of seismic design

– You still must find ways to control airflow within and around the cabinet

Considerations When Specifying Seismically p y g yRated Cabinets

Considerations When Specifying Seismically Rated Cabinets C b e s

• Cabinets installed in seismically active areas should have a seismic rated load that has been tested and achieved compliance by a certified Independent Testing Laboratory (ITL)been tested and achieved compliance by a certified Independent Testing Laboratory (ITL)– GR-63 Compliant cabinets provide the highest level of protection ensuring equipment survivability

and operability for catastrophic earthquake conditions– The ICC-ES AC156 is another shaker table test and the referenced test in the ASCE-7

• When evaluating Manufacturer’s Certificate based on analysis:– The component importance factor should match application requirements – The minimum requirement is IBC 2012 / CBC 2013 for non-essential equipment with an Importance

factor of 1.0 which provides compliance for component design, supports and attachments– IBC 2012 / CBC 2013 for essential equipment with importance factor of 1.5 requires network

survivability and operability after the seismic event

Considerations When Specifying Seismically Rated Cabinets C b e s

• Verify Compliance Reports are readily available from the manufacturer and obtain copies• Verify manufacturer’s specifications are clearly known and documentedVerify manufacturer s specifications are clearly known and documented

– Seismically rated cabinets must have a dynamic seismic payload excluding the cabinet weight– Static payloads are not applicable for seismic applications due to the risk of severe dynamic

movement • Cabinets requiring UL Listing shall be listed to UL 2416 effective 5/14/2015• The California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) requires an

OPM number for all 2013 and newer projects. OPA numbers are not acceptable for 2013 or more recent projects

• Site Specific Design and documentation are an alternate method of compliance

Seismic Cabinets Should Meet Standard Requirements

Seismic Cabinet Standard Requirements

• Cabinet should meet TIA-569-C for sizes and clearances

• Equipment Cabinets• Equipment Cabinets 30”(equip) + front & rear cable management (6” each) / PDUs (5”) = approximately 42” depth

• Cabling cabinet 30”(equip) + front & rear cable management (4” each) / PDUs (5”) = approximately 39” depth30 (equip) + front & rear cable management (4 each) / PDUs (5 ) = approximately 39 depth

• Cabinet should include the ability to deploy and the option for sealing air leaks – Air dams, cable entry grommets, seals between adjacent cabinets

Seismic bracing should not interfere with air flow isolation– Seismic bracing should not interfere with air flow isolation

• Cabinet design should be support Title 24 Standards – Air dams, cable entry grommets, seals between adjacent cabinets

Seismic Cabinet Customer Requirements

• Cabinets should meet typical data center loading to maximize space utilization– Example 1: a p e :

• HP Apollo 6000 server chassis, 5U height, 33.95”D, 216 lbs.

• Cabinet Stack - 40U height (35U for servers, 5U for patching) Total weight: 1512 lbs.

– Example 2: HP P Li t DL320E G 8 S 1U h i ht 29 5”D 35 7 lb• HP ProLiant DL320E Gen 8 Server, 1U height, 29.5”D, 35.7 lbs.

• Cabinet Stack – 40U height (40U for servers) Total weight: 1428 lbs.

• Cabinets should be easy to move into and out of position due to increased weight

• Cabinets should offer a method to adjust rail to rail depth requirements to meet a• Cabinets should offer a method to adjust rail to rail depth requirements to meet a broad range of equipment depths

Conclusions

• Understand that installing your datacenter in a seismically active area is risky• To mitigate these risks the cabinet you select must meet seismic requirements• To mitigate these risks, the cabinet you select must meet seismic requirements• Seismic cabinets should meet thermal isolation and efficiency standards • Be aware of what the different codes and standards mean and what they address• Be aware of the seismic payload carrying capabilities • If you don’t pre-plan for this type of event, you will be placing your companies

personnel, data, and reliability in jeopardy

Thank You

Sam Rodriguez, RCDDProduct Manager for Cabinets and Thermal Management Products

Chatsworth Products, Inc.