Ben Bond Joseph Bishop

Department of Geography, Masters in Geographic Information Systems

(MGIS), The Pennsylvania audience State University, University Park, PA 16802

• Introduction • Background About Lake Erie

• Study Area

• Watershed Assessment

• Goals and Objectives

• Methods • IBI Calculation

• Sample Regions

• Workflow

• Analysis

• Results

• Discussion

Western Basin of Lake Erie Historic Problems with

Algal Blooms

Increased Blooms in Recent History

Ecological Shift

Water Processing

Study Area Maumee River Basin

Largest Watershed in Great Lakes

Major Contributor to Lake Erie

Land Cover Dominantly Agriculture

Fertile land from Great Black Swamp

Limited Riparian Vegetation

Watershed Assessment Health Metrics

Chemistry Short Term

Biological Long Term

Ohio Bioassessment Very well supported

Large Database, records since 1974

Ohio Credible data program

Goals and Objectives Goal

to support management efforts and to preserve freshwater in the Western Basin of Lake Erie

Objectives

Quantifying watershed health

Analyzing land use within sample site zones

Performing multiple regression analysis to determine impact of land use on IBI ratings

Methods Delineate Catchment Basins, Riparian buffer zones

and local (1 km circle buffer)

Calculate IBI values

Summarize land use according to each sample point extraction zones

Perform stepwise multiple regression to determine significant factors

Sample Points 20 Years 10 Years

IBI Calculation Calculated according to

12 Ohio EPA metrics

Ranked on a score of 5-60

Attainment classes

Catchment Basins and Buffer zones 3 Zones examined

Catchment

Riparian Buffer

Local 1km Buffer

All water flowing into sample point across landscape

Calculated based on DEM processing

NHDplus DEM FDR & FAC

Workflow

Analysis Determine impact of land use within catchment basins

compared to IBI

Exploratory ANOVA to examine variance

Correlation Assessment

Stepwise Multiple Regression

Results Min 1st Quartile Mean 2nd Quartile Max

IBI 0 26 31.16 38 58

Water % 0 0.10 0.51 0.71 25.00

Dev % 0 7.12 14.24 12.40 100.00

Barren % 0 0.00 0.27 0.11 100.00

Forest % 0 4.20 6.76 8.30 58.00

Shrub % 0 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.53

Herb % 0 0.57 1.10 1.58 9.02

Ag % 0 70.92 74.51 84.54 100.00

Wetld % 0 0.06 2.07 2.35 100.00

20% 0 94.66 92.69 98.07 100.00

40% 0 1.18 3.13 2.60 100.00

60% 0 0.33 2.34 1.53 100.00

80% 0 0.10 0.69 0.64 15.32

100% 0 0.06 0.65 0.51 13.60

ANOVA Exploratory

ANOVA to examine variance.

Performed on catchment basins and riparian buffer zones.

Catchment Riparian Buffer

F Value P Value F Value P Value

Water% -- -- 10.717 0.01

Dev % 104.159 0.001 66.138 0.001

Herb % 5.196 0.05 10.126 0.01

Ag % 18.232 0.001 -- --

Wetld % 3.061 0.1 46.433 0.001

20% 84.531 0.001 50.283 0.001

40% -- -- 3.475 0.1

60% 3.780 0.1 5.349 0.05

Correlation Assessment

Stepwise Multiple Regression Catchment Basins

𝐼𝐵𝐼~ 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑑𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑑 + 40%𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 +𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 + 𝑊𝑒𝑡𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑 + 80%𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠

Riparian Buffer Zone

𝐼𝐵𝐼~ 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑑𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑑 + 𝑊𝑒𝑡𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑 + 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 +𝑆ℎ𝑟𝑢𝑏 + 20% 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 + 40%𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠

Local Buffer Zone

𝐼𝐵𝐼~ 100%𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 + 𝑊𝑒𝑡𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑 + 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛 +𝐴𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙

Discussion Developed land within catchment basin strongest negative

influence on IBI scores

For both catchment and riparian buffer

Unlikely in local buffer

Wetland strongest positive influence on IBI scores

Highly significant at all levels

Possibly less disturbance

Agriculture not identified as significantly impacting IBI

Possibly hidden due to overwhelming majority

Additional stream interactions may be hidden.

Further Studies Further Research

Addition elements

Stronger Predictive Models

Preservation of Lake Erie

Acknowledgements Joe Bishop

Richard Boulder

Leanne Greenlee

Nate Tessler

Molly Morris and the Morris Lab

Kristina Bond

Questions? Ben Bond

bmb296@psu.edu

Joe Bishop jab190@psu.edu

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