Conquests of the Roman RepublicNotes. WARM UP: Describe some important reasons for why Rome was able...
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Transcript of Conquests of the Roman RepublicNotes. WARM UP: Describe some important reasons for why Rome was able...
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Conquests of the Roman Republic Notes
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WARM UP: Describe some important reasons for why Rome was able to have the success shown on this map.
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2Consuls
•Oversaw gov’t•Commanded army
•Each had veto power•1 patrician & 1 plebeian
•One year terms
Senate•Mainly patrician
•Controls foreign and financial policies•Advise consuls
•Life terms
Tribunes•Representatives of the plebeians
Citizen Assemblies
Government features of the representative Roman Republic
Centuriate Assembly•Citizen-soldiers•Select consuls & make laws
Tribal Assembly•All other citizens•Elect tribunes, make laws
Dictator? Why?•In times of crisis, a dictator could be chosen.•Dictator would have absolute power to make laws & control the army.
•Power lasted only 6 months
Twelve Tables• 1st written law code of Republic• Written on 12 tablets or “tables”
and displayed in the Forum• Established idea that all free
citizens had a right to the protection of the law.
• Basis for later Romanlaw.
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2Consuls
Senate Tribunes
Citizen Assemblies
Government features of the representative Roman Republic
Centuriate Assembly Tribal Assembly
Dictator? Why?Twelve Tables
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Government features of the representative Roman Republic
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I. The Roman RepublicA. Features of Democracy
1. Representative = people select leaders to speak for them2. 2 Consuls = 1 patrician & 1 pleb. - 1 year terms3. Senate = mainly patricians – life terms4. Tribunes = plebeian representatives5. Assemblies = mainly plebeians
C. Citizenship1. Patrician and plebeian men2. Select foreigners3. Responsibility of citizens = taxes & military service
B. Twelve Tables1. 1st written law code of Republic2. Written on 12 tablets or “tables” and displayed in the Forum
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II. Causes for the Decline of the Roman RepublicA. Latifundia system
1. Latifundia = large farming estates using slave labor2. Put small farmers and laborers out of business3. Migration of small farmers into cities = high unemployment
B. Devaluation of currency1. Military conquests bring in so much money.2. Causes inflation – prices go up; value of money goes down
C. Spread of slave labor1. Military conquests flood Rome with slaves.2. Slavery not based on race.3. Slave labor replaces paid Roman workers.4. Adds to unemployment
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III. Reform Efforts and Civil War Breaks the RepublicA. Gracchus brothers try to help Rome’s poor (134 – 122 B.C.)
1. They work as tribunes to change 2 land policies.2. Limit size of estates. & Give land to poor.3. This was a threat to Senators property & authority.4. Pro-senate supporters kill Gracchus brothers & followers5. Period of unrest follows
B. Period of military dictators1. General Marius elected consul by plebeians (107 B.C.)
a. He had power of military behind him.b. Allowed men w/out property to become soldiersc. Pay and retirement money came from Marius.d. Created army loyal to its general 1st; Rome 2nd.
2. General Sulla gives control back to patriciansa. After Marius dies civil war breaks out.b. Pro-Senate General Sulla sets out to kill oppositionc. He reduced power of tribunesd. 1st Triumvirate (Caesar, Pompey, Crassus)replaces dictators
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Latifundia = large farming plantations – put small farmers out of business
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The Gracchus brothersTiberius and Gaius Gracchus worked as tribunes to bring land reform for
the poor. Both are killed & civil war erupts.
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General Marius – military dictator of RomeSupported by plebeians
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General Sulla – military dictator after general Marius
Supported by the patrician-led senate.Killed those who opposed him or the senate.
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Roman Road System
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Julius Caesar
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Caesar crosses the Rubicon River into Italy to begin civil war with Pompey.
“Crossing the Rubicon” means the point of no return.
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Roman civil war between Caesar and PompeyFormer partners in the 1st Triumvirate
Caesar wins! Pompey dies!
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Assassination of Julius Caesar
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The Roman LegionRome’s Military Machine