Conor King, Innovative Research Universities: The case for open and competitive research funding
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Transcript of Conor King, Innovative Research Universities: The case for open and competitive research funding
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The Case for Open and Competitive Research Funding
9 December 2013 Conor King Executive Director
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Australia needs a coherent research funding structure which seeks to…selectively fund research of the highest quality wherever it may be found and…concentrate research funding to build world-class research universities which have the capacity to compete at the highest international level.
Group of Eight, Policy Note Number 4 http://www.go8.edu.au/... Emphasis added
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So,
What has been the impact of competitive research funding?
Do we need a significant change in approach?
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Overview
1. How has research funding developed and with what impact?
– The Howard legacy
2. Why competition works
3. The productivity response
4. Australia linking to the world
5. The challenges ahead
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HOW HAS RESEARCH FUNDING CHANGED AND WITH WHAT IMPACT?
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Creating the research block grant structure: 2001 Research training scheme
• For research training, initially tied to students
Institutional Grants Scheme
• Open use to support research
• Became Joint Research Engagement
Research Infrastructure Block Grants
Plus scholarships and other smaller schemes
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Back in 2000-2001..
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2000-01
IGS-RTS RIBG ARC-NHMRC
60%
6%
34%
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Health and Medical Research
1998: Wills Review
• Let to additional $614 million over 6 years for the NHMRC, doubling funding
2004: Grant Review
• $500 million over five years from 2006-07 for health and medical research
• $170 million for the Australia Fellowship scheme
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Backing Australia’s Ability (2001)
• $736 million for ARC grants over five years, effectively doubling funding by 2005-06
• Research infrastructure $583 million for Research Infrastructure Block Grants and Systemic Infrastructure Initiative
• Continue R&D start program, $535 million over 5 years
• Reforming the R&D tax concession
• Expanding the Cooperative Research Centres Program, $227 million
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Backing Australia’s Ability 2 (2004)
• Embed ARC and RIBG changes
• National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy with $542 million over five year
• $305 million over seven years for the CSIRO National Flagships Initiative
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Labor 2007 -2013
• ERA
• Created SRE
• Extension to RIBG
• Extended research scholarships
• Future fellows
• Additional infrastructure projects
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The balance switches..
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2000-01 2004-05 2009-10 2014-15
IGS-RTS RIBG-SRE ARC-NHMRC
60%
6%
33% 37% 45%
13% 9% 10%
34%
45%
53%
55%
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WHY COMPETITION WORKS
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Funding is competitive and open
Both:
• Research block grants
• Driven by output based formulae
• National competitive grants
• Peer assessment, project by project
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How Australian universities respond
• Universities compete, with productivity rising rapidly
• Find the routes that stimulate good research
• Who to work with
• Exploring international links
• But relative positions have not altered a lot
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Hence share of Research Block Grant..
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
ATN
Go8
IRU
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Ahead of world benchmarks
Top 500 universities are top 5%
• Like an ATAR of 95
AWRU
• from 13 in 2003 to 19 in 2013
• Top 100, two in 2003 to five in 2013
Benchmark
• On population Australia at 0.5% of world should have 2 to 3
• On GDP, Australia at 1% of world should have 5 to 6
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Australia and the world rankings 19 Australian universities ranked in the ARWU Top 500
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
AUS NLD CAN GBR DEU USA ITA FRA JPN PRC
ARWU Top 500 Universities per million people
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Concentration?
• Nature of competition
– Without the pressure the leaders would relax
– Not intended that some win out but that all do better
• Basis for selection?
• Why bother Australian universities at all?
• Break link with student size?
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Low EFTSL Providers
• Charles Darwin
• Sunshine Coast
• Federation
• Southern Cross
• UNE
• Canberra
• CQU
• Southern Qld
• ANU
• Flinders
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THE PRODUCTIVITY RESPONSE
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Publications
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
300%
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Australia IRU
Change on 2001 – Australia and the IRU
Source: SCOPUS
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Publications Change on 2001 by Country
Source: SCOPUS
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Research revenue – other sources
$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
$700
$800
$900
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Mill
ion
s
Category 2 Category 3
Research Income Private and Other Government sources (2001-2011)
Source: HERDC
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Future researchers
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
PhD Completions 2001-2012
Source: Department of Education
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LINKING TO INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH
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The modern research environment
• Research increasingly requires the interaction of
considerable resources, which no single university or subset of universities can provide.
• Increasing number of institutions per academic paper
• Global endeavour
• Digital world makes researchers part of global networks
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Global research
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Affiliations per Publication (IRU) – 2003-2012
Source: SCOPUS
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Global research
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
% of Australian Publications with International Collaboration
Source: SCOPUS
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THE CHALLENGES AHEAD
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The questions ahead
1. Balance of university allocated and grant council allocated
• Both competitive
• Ensuring best research outcomes
2. Research benefit: Impact beyond the academy
• A balancing factor for the breadth of objectives for research
• A means to encourage an d reward based on achievements
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Access to research grants..
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
2001 2005 2010
Competitive Grant Funding (Indexation Adjusted) per Researcher FTE
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The questions ahead
3. The pressure on the grant councils
• The work involved for pure competitive assessment
• Hence, options about longer grants
• Reward the better known
• Back to basics: the random test of efficacy
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The questions ahead
4. Research and growth in student places
• Pressure to focus on the established disciplines
• The economists dilemma
• Protection of known versus support for new
• Break link students to research base
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The questions ahead
5. Infrastructure
• Bigger than any institution
• Requires shared use, with open access
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Conclusions
• The competitive system has been productive
• Australia has a much stronger research sector
• Concentration an argument for an easy time for those selected