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Transcript of Connective Tissue2009 New
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE
dr. Arliek Rio Julia, MS
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The Stages of The Development of CT
First stage (Embryonic CT) :1. Mesenchymal CT Mesenchymal CT contains mesenchymal cells and
intercellular substance.
Mesenchymal cells - Has many cytoplasmic processus
Intercellular substance - Amorph !". #illi chorialis placenta
. Mucous CT$ %elatinous CT
!esenchymal cells partly converte" into fibroblast #n the #ntercell$lar s$bstance occ$r fe% collagen fiber
E&. 'mbilical cor"
Secon" stage ("$lt CT) :
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Jarin&an Ikat 'e(asa
J.I Se)atiJ.I d& Spesialisasi
*+hususJ.I enun)an&
J.I lon&&ar$oose CT J.I adat$dense CT
Irre&ular
Re&uler
+ola&en
!lastik
J.I Reticular Adiposa ematopoeticbloo"
Cartila&oTulan&
!lastik
Hyalin
/ibrosa
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F$nctions of CT :
1. Support :%hich forms the frame%or* tiss$es an"organ.
2. Defence:
+hysical , #mm$nologic.
-. Repair :
stim$lates the proliferation of fibroblasts.
. Storage:
/eserve of %ater an" electrolytes
0. Transport :
Transporting s$bstances to an" from other tiss$e
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The Component :
The component o0 connecti1e tissue consists o0 Cells Intercellular$e"tracellular matri"
- Fibers : Colla&en Reticular !lastic
'istin&uished by the combination o0 protein
Ground substance
2 It 0unctions as medium to e"chan&e nutrientand (aste product bet(een cells and bloodsupply
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Connective Tissue Cells
A. Fi&e" cell :1. Mesenchymal cell : prec$rsor of CT cells.
Some mesenchymal cell remain $n"efferentiate"
2. Fibroblasts: are pre"ominant cells in CT proper.
Str$ct$rally2 fibroblast are t%o types :
3 The first type resembles mesenchymal cell.
#t is terme" 0ibroblast.
3 The secon" type are less active an" terme"fibrocyte beca$se they more mat$re.
-. Reticular cells
They pro"$ce" retic$lar fibers that form netli*e stroma ofhemopoietic2 lymphoi" an" a"ipose tiss$e.
4.Adipose cellsare mesenchymal "erivatives speciali4e" for lipi"storage
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5. 6an"ering cells:are immigrant cell $s$ally from bloo" an"
bone marro%.
1. Mast cells
2. Macrophage
-. Plasma cells. Other blood-deried !T cells
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!ast cell
The characteristics
Cytoplasmic &ranule *pre0orm mediator
The &ranules (hich o0ten obscure the smallcentral nucleus, contain heparin, histamin 3eosinophilic chemotactic 0actor 0or anaphylactis*!C/-A
Mast cell &ranules are metachromatic
The sur0ace contains speci0ic receptor 0or I& ! a typeo0 immuno&lobuline produced by plasma cell. Mosto0 I& ! molecules are bound to the sur0ace o0 mastcells and blood basophils
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!acrophage :
ar&e, stellate cell deri1ed 0rom monocyte that in0iltrate CT
3 de1elop into pha&ocytes
2 'ye particles in)ected into the body are en&ul0ed 3
accumulate in cytoplasmic &ranule
2 Contains many lysosome, (hich aid in di&estin&pha&ocyted materials e& 0orei&n substance,
cell debris, bacteria, neoplastic cell 3 others
3 they participate in the immune response by presentin&
pha&ocytosed anti&ens to lymphocyte
2 May 0use to 0orm multinuclear &iantcell
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Monoc"te-deried phagoc"tes2
%hich together constit$te the monon$clear
phagocyte system 2 incl$"e :
!acrophage : 7ymphoi" organ2 l$ng2
sero$s cavity , CT
8$pffer cell ( liver )
9steoclast ( bone )
!icroglial cells ( CS )
7angerhans cells ( S*in )
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+lasma cell :"ifferentiate" from antigen3stim$late" 5 lymphocyte.
The cells are large an" ovoi" %ith an eccentric n$cle$s
basophilic cytoplasm %ith ab$n"ant /E/
$cle$s : spheric
The characteristic 4clock 0ace5 nucleus results 0rom a lar&e,
central nucleolus and lar&e heterochromatin clumps
re&ularly spaced around the nuclear en1elope6s.
verage of life spent : 1; ; "ays
s the primary pro"$cers of circ$lating b2 they are the
main effector of the h$moral imm$ne response
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F#5E/S :
. Collagen fibers : The bo"y
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T #$ i ? ll f b l l i it
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T"pe #$: is ma?or collagen of basal lamina2 it
"oes not form fibers or fibrils
T"pe $: occ$rs in placental basement
membranes an" bloo" vessels.
T"pe %: is fo$n" in matri& s$rro$n"ing hyper
trophic chon"rocytes of gro%th plate
cartilage in sites of bone formation
T"pe #% & %#: occ$rs in association %ith type ##
in cartilage
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5. /etic$lar fibers :
/esemble %ith collagen fibers b$t thinner2
Consist mainly collagen type ###
The fibers form "elicate net%or* instea" of b$n"l
Characteristic staining :
3 #mpregnation %ith silver salt. 5eca$se the affinity forsilver salt they are calle" argyrophilic
3 +S (perio"ic aci" Shiff) ( @ ) beca$se high contain ofs$gar chainsA B 1 he&oses as oppose" to 1 in
collagen fibers #n smooth m$scle2 en"one$ri$m2 frame%or* of
hematopoetic organ , lymphatic organ2 parenchymalorgan ( eg. 7iver2 en"ocrine glan"s )
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C. Elastic fibers:consist of amorpho$s protein elastin
/ange in "iameter from ;21 1; 'm
Synthesis:=#ntracell$lar steps: proelastin are synthe4ise" on /E/
=E&tracell$lar steps: proelastin molec$lels polymeri4e toform elastin
Special stains : = erhoeff
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/9'D S'5TCE :
#s a highly hi"rate"
Comple& mi&t$re of glycosaminoglicans2
proteoglycans an" m$ltia"hesive
glycoprotein
#s colorless , transparant
#t fills the space bet%een cells an" fibers
#t is visco$s2 acts as both l$bricant an" a
barrier to the penetration of inva"ers.
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Tiss$e fl$i" :
The composition similar to bloo" plasma2 in it s
content of ions an" "iff$sible s$bstance.
Contains a small percentage of plasma protein
of lo% molec$lar %eight that pass thro$gh thecapillary %alls as a res$lt of the hy"rostatic
press$re of the bloo".
5loo" bring to CT the n$trient re$ire" by it
cells an" carries %aste pro"$cts a%ay to the
"eto&ifying an" e&cretory organs
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"ipose tiss$e
7argest organ : 10 ; on man
; 0 on %oman
types of a"ipose tiss$e :
'niloc$lar (%hiteA yello% fat) !$ltiloc$lar (bro%n fat)
Divi"e" into lobes an" lob$les by collagen CTsepta.
#n"ivi"$al cells are s$rro$n" by retic$lar fibers.!istoenesis: From mesenchymal prec$rsor
Special staining : S$"an ### , 9smic aci"
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Tiss$e /epairTiss$e /epair
Slide 3.69Copyright G ;;- +earson E"$cation2 #nc. p$blishing as 5en?amin C$mmings
/egeneration/eplacement by the same *in" of cells
Fibrosis
/epair by "ense fibro$s connective tiss$e
Type of repair "etermine" by:
Type of tiss$e "amage"
Severity of the in?$ry
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/egeneration of Tiss$es/egeneration of Tiss$es
Slide 3 71C i ht G ;;- + E" ti # bli hi 5 ? i C i
Tiss$es that regenerate easily Epithelial tiss$e
Fibro$s connective tiss$e an" bone
Tiss$es that regenerate poorly
S*eletal m$scle
Cartilage
Tiss$es replace" largely %ith scar tiss$e
Car"iac m$scle
ervo$s tiss$e %ithin the brain an" spinal cor"