Connective tissue presentation2
Transcript of Connective tissue presentation2
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CONNECTIVE TISSUECONNECTIVE TISSUE
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COLLAGEN FIBERS• Collagen fibers are tough ,thick ,fibrous
proteins that do not branch. • They are most abundant fibers.• Collagen is secreted into extracellular
matrix in the form of tropocollagen which consists of 3 polypeptide chains bound together to form a helical structure 260 nm long and 1.5 nm in diameter. In ext cell matrix these molecules polymerize to form 5 different type of collagen designated I to V on the basis of amino acid composition ,morphology and physical properties.
• Type I comprises 90%. They are found in c.t skin, tendon, ligament and bone. They are strong and offer great resistance to tensile stresses. Parallel collagen fibers are further arranged in strong bundles.
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CONTINUED….• Type II collagen fibers are found in hyaline and
elastic cartilage. They consist of very fine fibrils which are disperse in ground substance. These fibers are pressure resistant.
• Type III collagen fibers are thin branching reticular fibers that form the delicate supporting mesh work in such organs as the lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow.
• Type IV collagen fibers present in the basal lamina.
• Type V is found in small amounts in most connective tissues.
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RETICULAR FIBERS • These fibers mainly consist of type III collagen.
• These are thin fibers and form a delicate netlike framework in the liver, lymph nodes, spleen, hemopoietic organs and other locations where blood and lymph are filtered.
• They support capillaries, nerves and muscle cells.
• They are visible when tissues and organs are silver stained.
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ELASTIC FIBERS • Thin, small branching fibers that allow stretch.
• Less tensile than collagen fiber and are composed of micro fibrils and protein elastin.
• When stretched the elastic fibers return to their original size without deformation.
• Found in abundance in the lungs, bladder and skin.
• Presence in the aorta walls and pulmonary trunk allows for stretching and recoiling of these vessels during powerful blood ejections from the heart ventricles.
• Smooth muscles synthesize the elastic fibers in walls of large vessels.
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GROUND SUBSTANCE AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• Ground substance in connective tissue consist of amorphous, transparent, colorless extracellular matrix and has a high water content.
• It supports, surrounds and binds all of the connective tissue cells and fibers.
• It consist of chains of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and adhesive glycoprotein. Hyaluronic acid is the predominant glycosaminoglycan in connective tissue.
• Proteoglycans are large molecules consisting of 90 -95 % carbohydrates.
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CONTINUED….• Adhesive glycoproteins bind cells to the fibers
e.g. fibronectin, integrin and laminin.– Fibronectin binds connective tissue cells, fibers
and proteoglycans, thereby interconnecting all three components of the connective tissue.
– Integrin bind to extracellular collagen fibers and to actin filaments.
– Laminin is a major component of cell basement membrane. This protein binds epithelial cells to basal lamina.
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LOOSE (AREOLAR) CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• Supports the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal, respiratory and urinary tracts, forms the deeper layers of the skin.
• Loosely arranged and wavy in appearance in unstretched preparations.
• Open spaces between collagen fibers with ground substance which remains unstained during tissue preparation.
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DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUEDENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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CONTINUED….• Mechanical support is the primary function e.g.
tendons.• Parallel, closely packed bundles of collagen
separated by a small quantity of intercellular ground substance.
• Their fibrocytes contain elongated nuclei parallel to the fibers and sparse cytoplasmic folds.
• Collagen bundles of tendons (primary bundles) aggregate into larger bundles (secondary bundles) enveloped by loose connective tissue containing blood vessels and nerves.
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DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• Typically found in the skin where collagen fibers are arranged in coarse irregular interwoven bundles which confer great tensile strength.
• The fibroblasts are inactive with highly condensed nuclei and minimal cytoplasm.
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RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUERETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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MUCOUS TISSUEMUCOUS TISSUE
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS DERIVED FROM THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS DERIVED FROM THE MULTIPOTENTIALEMBRYONIC MESENCHYME CELLSMULTIPOTENTIALEMBRYONIC MESENCHYME CELLS
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FIBROBLASTFIBROBLAST
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PLASMA CELLSPLASMA CELLS
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MAST CELLSMAST CELLS
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COLLAGEN FIBERSCOLLAGEN FIBERS