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CONTRASTIVE PHONOLOGY: Spanish – English - Italian

Pablo A. Mejía Maldonado. Esp, MSc. Quito - Ecuador

What occurs when a non-native speaker lacked of experiencein the language is engaged in a conversation with a nativespeaker

CONNECTED SPEECH

DIALECT

RATE OF SPEAKING

REGISTER

FAST SLOW

HOW THE LANGUAGE IS USED

FORMALITYINFORMALITY

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When we speak naturally we do not pronounce a word, stop, then say the next word in the sentence. Fluent speech flows with a rhythm and the words bump into each other. To make speech flow smoothly the way we pronounce the end and beginning of some words can change depending on the sounds at the beginning and end of those words. These changes are described as features of connected speech.

WHAT IS CONNECTED SPEECH?

PROCESSES IN CONNECTED SPEECH

SYNTAX

MORPHOLOGY

SEMANTICSPRAGMATICS

PHONOLGY

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-glide / -diphthong + vowel-

(semivowel + vowel)

my artist /may ˈaɹtɪst/

hay algo /ay ˈalgo/

rey indio /ˈɾey ˈindyo/

through it /ˈθɹuw ɪt/

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-open vowel + vowel-

spa owner / ˈspa ˈowneɹ/

saw it /ˈsɔ ɪt/

escucha esto /esˈkuʧa esto/

palo alto /ˈpalo ˈalto/

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-consonant + vowel-

late edition /leyt ˈɪdɪʃən/

pen ink /pɛn ˈɪŋk/

lápiz azul /ˈlapis aˈsul/

reloj anterior /reˈlox anteˈɾyoɾ/

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RESYLLABIFICATION-cluster + vowel-

marked on /ˈmaɹkt ən/

turn off /ˈtəɹn əv/

hold on /ˈhowld ən

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JUXTAPOSITIONsame final plus same initial sound

hot tea /haˈtːiy/

horse shoe /ˈhɔ:ɹʃːuw/

reembolsar /re:mboˈlsar/

contra ataque /contɾaːˈtake/

mal latente /malːaˈtente/

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-stop + stop- /affricate-

pet cat /ˈpɛtºˈkæt/

big church /bɪgºˈʧərʧ/

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REGRESSIVE

have to /ˈhæf tə/

claim for [ˈkleɪ:ɱ fɚ]

con gusto [kɔŋ ˈgusto]

Ven tarde [ ben ta rđe]

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PROGRESSIVE

speak loudly [ˈspɪɪk laudlɪ]

tres ruedas [tɾes ˈrweđas]

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COALESCENT

this year /δɪʃɪəɹ/

She needs you / ʃɪynɪyʤʊ/

Does your… /dəʒəɹ/

I let you /aylɛʧʊ/

what’s your… /wəʧəɹ/

Would you /wʊʤʊ/

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It is when a sound disappears or is not clearly articulated under certain circumstances.

-cluster (-stop) + consonant-

wild man /waylmæn/

(elision, ellipsis, omission)

L’elisione è la caduta della vocalle finale di una parola di fronte allavocale iniziale della parola successiva.

d’ora in poi /dɔɾa in pɔy/

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SYNCOPE

It is when an unstressed sound or syllable is dropped out in a multisyllabic word.

interesting [ˈɪntəɹəstɪŋ]

aspirine [ˈæspəɹɪn]

natividad /natibiˈdad/

APHESIS

It is the loss of an unstressed initial vowel or syllable. It occurs in informal speech.

‘tonces /enˈtonses/

‘cause /bɪˈkəz/

‘bout /ˈəbawt/

è la caduta della parte finale di una parola.

a cavallo donato

cuore di leone

buono ragazzo

è il fenomeno per cui determinate consonanti iniziali di parola, quandonella frase vengono a trovarsi di seguito a determinate parole uscenti in

vocali, si pronunciano come se fossero scritte doppie

nè questo nè quello /ˈneˈkkwɛstoˈneˈkkwɛllo

mangiò tutto /manʤɔˈttutto/

è vero /ˈɛˈvvɛɾo/

Tutti I monosillabi tonici, anche se non portano l’accento scritto:

che fai/keˈffay/ chi viene /kiˈvvyɛne/

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It is the insertion of a vowel or consonant segment within a word.

places /ˈpleysɪz/

handed /ˈhændɪd/

seres /ˈseɾes/

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It is the transposition of speech sounds.

ask /ˈæks/

murciélago /muɾˈsyegalo/

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it is the addition of an extra consonant to the end of a word

middes -> midst /ˈmɪdst/

claro /ˈklaɾof/

Pablo A. Mejía Maldonado. Esp, MSc. Quito - Ecuador

classprosei.wix.com/classpro

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(593) 0983 759 738