Connected Roads Enabling Intelligent Infrastructure · • Higher luminance over all lighting...

3M™ Connected Roads Enabling Intelligent Infrastructure Jane Peterson, Program Manager

Transportation Safety Division

November 2017

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3M™ Connected Roads Current and Future Enabling Technologies

3 . All Rights Reserved. 17 November 2017 © 3M 3M Confidential.

3M™ Connected Roads Products and Concepts

Pavement Markings :

~ advanced optics and contrast design enhance

visibility of pavement markings day and night, wet and

dry (products and concepts)

Road Signs and Traffic Control Devices:

~ advanced optics enhance visibility for human

drivers and optical cameras in all conditions (products)

~ embedded codes designed to communicate

select data to specialized sensors on autonomous

vehicles (concept)

3M Multi-channel Test Tool (DSRC Sniffer Unit):

~ the test tool verifies that a DSRC transmitter is

sending the correct information

4 . All Rights Reserved. 17 November 2017 © 3M

Pavement Marking Standards to increase Machine Readability

Wide variety of surfaces that effect contrast and visibility

Humans can often interpret what’s not standard – can

machines?

1.78


Characteristics of PM for optimal detection by current ADAS systems • Higher luminance over all lighting conditions means more light is

available to each pixel on visible camera to enable detection.

• Higher contrast over all lighting conditions improves differentiation

between marking and pavement substrate and detection of marking

by visible cameras

• Wet retroreflective markings improve light return to visible camera in

nighttime and low-light wet conditions, improving detection of

pavement marking

28.6 Y: 43.4 73.4 58.5 16.1 3.4

20 m


Machine-Readable Pavement Markings Pavement marking solutions designed to increase sensor visibility in all conditions

380AW Wet Reflective Tape

380AW-5 Contrast Tape

710 Removable Tape

3M Optics in All Weather Liquid Binder

Microcrystalline

ceramic beads

Contrast Tape


Wet Retroreflection in Action Advantage of All-Weather Pavement Markings

A B C D

Refractive Index, 1.9 Refractive Index 2.4

Pavement Marking Technology Comparison

Yellow Line = Optimized for wet reflectivity (microcrystalline ceramic beads)

White Line & Arrow = Not optimized for wet reflectivity (high index beads)

Dry Daytime Conditions Dry Nighttime Conditions Wet Nighttime Conditions


Optimized Messaging: Machine Readable Signage Solutions that may enable more reliable sign detection and classification

Human Optimized

Computer Vision Image and Associated Meta-Data

Signing Performance Goals Maintains visible light performance

Embedded digital information

Redundant classification

confirmation

Dynamically changeable

Visible Spectrum Image

Encoded error recovery – reliable

information

Encryptable and Authenticatable


3M™ Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) Test Tool

Provides vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) data testing

DSRC Standards Compliant?

• Captures basic safety messages

• Downloads and interprets data

• Verifies transmitted data

• Multi-channel configurable

• Third level of redundancy

V2I

The test tool verifies that a DSRC transmitter is sending the correct information.

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3M™ Connected Roads Advanced V2I Technologies Michigan I-75 Project Details


I-75 Automated Corridor Study Detroit, Michigan USA

Contrast Tape

3M™ Prototype Infrastructure and Traffic Devices Sign Deployment Plan

Overview:

Phase 2 of Michigan’s 10 year plan to update I-75 in

the metro Detroit area. This is a 3.3 mile stretch of

highway that is outfitted with 3M™ Connected Roads

prototypes for testing with Automotive Industry

partners.

Objectives:

• Integrate 3M™ Smart Code signs and

Pavement Markings on an active highway

corridor

• Review 3M technology with AOEMs, Tier 1

Suppliers and DOTs to gain insights into

needs and vehicle utility

• To share technology with selected partners to

optimize integration

Machine Visible Vests


Michigan I-75 Corridor

Oakland County

Deployed May 15 – Sept 1

3.1 mile construction zone

Pavement marking tapes

Signs with non-visible 3M™ Smart Codes

Signs with visible 3M™ Smart Codes

Testing & Demos:

MDOT

Tier 1s

AOEMs

Key:

Southbound sign

w/ Smart Code

Southbound sign,

no code

Northbound sign

w/ Smart Code

Northbound sign,

no code

Sign w/ visible

Smart Code

Construction work

zone

Exit 81

Exit 69

System Setup Ford Expedition w/roof rack & sunroof

Mount box & GPS on top of vehicle

Run cables into vehicle

Laptop and power inside vehicle


Michigan I-75: Detecting and Decoding Signs

Sign with non-visible 3M™ Smart

Codes

Image is captured by camera system

and detailed message is displayed in

vehicle


Optimized Messaging, Message Confidence Machine Readable Sign, MI Corridor, Summer 2017

Current read distance is ~ 100 meters at 60 mph


3M Smart Codes, Michigan I-75 Corridor, day (Aug 2017)


3M Smart Codes, Michigan I-75 Corridor, night (Aug 2017)


Michigan I-75: Vehicle Integration


Michigan I-75: Lessons Learned & Next Steps

Test signs with different sizes, shapes and colors with camera system

Test during bright sun, clouds, rain, day and night

Place signs close together in corridor for ease of testing

The signs and system were optimized to improve ability to read sign

Planning longer term testing of Smart Code signs on Michigan public roads

Connected Roads Enabling Intelligent Infrastructure · • Higher luminance over all lighting...

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