Conjugating a Third Conjugation Verb

duco ducere duxi ductus

All About Verbs

Each verb has 4 principal parts

First Person Singular Present Active

I love

Present active InfinitiveTo love

First Person Singular

Perfect ActiveI have loved

Perfect Passive Participle

Having been loved

duco ducere duxi ductus

Finding the Present Stem

ducere duxi ductusduco

The present stem is the second principal part – re.

ducere - re = duce

Find the second principal part of the verb.

Present Active Tense

In the present active tense change e on the present stem to i and add the present active endings. Present stem = Ducere – re = duce

First Person

Second Person

Third Person

o

s

t

I

you

he, she,it

Singular Plural

nt

tis

mus we

you

they

Present Active Endings

duc ei

First Person

Second

Person

Third Person

duc o

duci s

duci t

duci

duci

ducu

mus

tis

nt

I leadI am leadingI do lead

You leadYou are leadingYou do leading

He leadsHe is leadingHe did lead

We leadWe are leadingWe do lead

You leadYou are leadingYou do lead

They leadThey are leadingThey do lead

Present Active

Nota Bene: There is no i in the first person singular and the e changes to u in the third person plural.

Present Passive Tense

First Person

Second Person

Third Person

or

ris

tur

I

you

he, she,it

Singular Plural

ntur

mini

mur we

you

they

Present Passive Endings

In the present passtive tense change e on the present stem to i and add the present active endings. Present stem = Ducere – re = duce

First Person

Second

Person

Third Person

ducor

duce ris

duci tur

duci

duci

ducu

mur

mini

ntur

I am led

You are led

He is led

We are led

You are led

They are led

Present Passive

Nota Bene: There is no i in the first person singular,the e is retained in the second person plural and the e changes to u in the third person plural.

Imperfect Tense

Present Stem + BA + Present Endings

duce

duce

duce

duce

duce

duce

ba

ba

mus

ba

ba

ba

ba

s

m

t

tis

nt

You led

I led

He led

You led

We led

They led

Imperfect Active

duce

duce

duce

duce

duce

duce

ba

ba

ba

ba

ba

ba

r

ris

tur

mur

mini

ntur

I was led

You were led

He was led

We were led

You were led

They were led

Imperfect Passive

Future Tense

duc

duc

duc

duc

duc

duc

a

e

mus

e

e

e

e

s

m

t

tis

nt

You will lead

I will lead

He will lead

You will lead

We will lead

They will lead

Imperfect Active

duc

duc

duc

duc

duc

duc

a

e

e

e

e

e

r

ris

tur

mur

mini

ntur

I will be led

You will be led

He will be led

We will be led

You will be led

They will be led

Imperfect Passive

The sign of the future in the third declension is e.

Nota Bene: There is an a in the first person singular

Finding the Perfect Stem

duxiducere doctusduco

The perfect stem is the second principal part – i.

duxi - i = dux

Find the third principal part of the verb.

Perfect Active Tense

The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings

First Person

Second Person

Third Person

i

isti

it

I

you

he, she,it

Singular Plural

erunt

istis

imus we

you

they

Perfect Active Endings

First Person

Second

Person

Third Person

dux i

dux

dux it

dux

dux

dux

imus

istis

erunt

I ledI have ledI did lead

You ledYou have ledYou did lead

He ledHe has ledHe did lead

We ledWe have ledWe did lead

They ledThey have ledThey did lead

Perfect Active

You ledYou have ledYou did leadisti

Pluperfect Active Tense

Perfect Stem + era + Present Endings

dux

dux

dux

dux

dux

dux

era

era

mus

era

era

era

era

s

m

t

tis

nt

You had led

I had led

He had led

You had led

We had led

They had led

Pluperfect Active

Future Perfect Active Tense

Perfect Stem + eri + Present Endings

dux

dux

dux

dux

dux

dux

er

eri

mus

eri

eri

eri

eri

s

o

t

tis

nt

You will have led

I will have led

He will have led

You will have led

We will have led

They will have led

Pluperfect Active

Perfect Passive System

1. Uses the fourth principal part which is called the perfect passive participle (PPP).

amo, amare, amavi, amatus. -a. -um

2. The perfect passive participle (PPP) is a verbal adjective and must agree with the subject of the sentence.

If the subject is puella (feminine singular), the PPP will be ducta. If the subject is puellae (feminine plural), the PPP will be ductae. If the subject is vir (masculine singular), the PPP will be ductus. If the subject is viri (masculine plural), the PPP will be ducti. If the subject is oppidum (neuter singular), the PPP will be ductum. If the subject is oppida (neuter plural), the PPP will be ducta.

Present Passive Tense

PPP + Present Tense of Sum

ductus – a - um

ductus – a - um

ductus –a -um

ducti –ae -a

ducti –ae –a

ducti – ae -a

sum

es

est

sumus

estis

sunt

You have been led

I have been led

He have been led

You have been led

We have been led

They have been led

Perfect Passive

Pluperfect Passive Tense

PPP + imperfect Tense of Sum

ductus – a - um

ductus – a - um

ductus –a -um

ducti –ae -a

ducti –ae –a

ducti – ae -a

eram

eras

erat

eramus

eratis

erant

You had been led

I had been led

He had been led

You had been led

We had been led

They had been led

Pluperfect Passive

Future Perfect Passive Tense

PPP + Future Tense of Sum

ductus – a - um

ductus – a - um

ductus –a -um

ducti –ae -a

ducti –ae –a

ducti – ae -a

ero

eris

erit

erimus

eritis

erunt

You will have been led

I will have been led

He will have been led

You will have been led

We will have been led

They will have been led

Future Perfect Passive Tense

The ______________ tense does not use the present stem.

a. Future

b. Past Perfect

c. Imperfect

d. Present

next

Legere is the ______________ principal part of the word.

a. First

b. Second

c. Third

d. Fourth

next

legisti can be translated _____________

a. You have chosen

b. You were chosen

c. You are chosen

d. You will choose

next

Acta est can be translated _____________

a. She had been driven

b. She is driven

c. She has been driven

d. She will have been driven