Congress of Vienna

Restoring the Balance of Power in Europe

Compromise Reached?

New boundaries drawn—see page 237! What changed? France, Poland, etc. Reduced French borders to 1790 lines Established BUFFER STATES around

France

Compromise, continued…

Liberalism and Reactionaries?

Liberalism– Liked the Enlightenment, thought

monarchies were “outdated,” wanted lots of change/democracy!

Reactionaries– Opposed change, thought Enlightenment

ideas were wrong/dangerous, wanted to bring Kings back!

Two Alliances

Quadruple Alliance– GB, Austria, Prussia,

Russia– Prevent any

democratic movements

– France joined a few years later

Holy Alliance– Russia, Prussia,

Austria– Keeping order based

upon “Justice, Christian Charity, and Peace”

Concert of Europe

Next 30 years: opposing liberalism, crushing democratic revolutions

Spanish people tried to limit power of their King French troops restored Spanish King to full power!– BUT-Spanish colonies (MEXICO!) successfully

revolted

Another Challenge to System

Greeks fought for independence in 1821 against Turks

Metternich (Austrian leader) tried to stop other countries from aiding rebellion– British and French helped anyway, and

Greeks got independence in 1829

Try all you want, Metternich…

BUT YOU CAN’T STOP PROGRESS! Enlightenment ideals and desire for

democracy are too strong to stop permanently!

Revolutions of 1830 and 1848

1830: Citizens lead “July Revolution” in France

Louis Philippe: “Citizen King” (still not many could vote)

Belgium gets independence Poles rose in revolt and lost

—crushed by Russians

1848: Conditions similar to 1789

“February Days” forced Louis Philippe to abdicate

Working class loses out during “June Days”

“New Napoleon”

Revolutions through Europe!

Revolts in Austria cause Metternich to resign

Louis Kossuth leads rebellion in Hungary, but is eventually crushed by Austrians

Italy: city-states rebel, but Austrian and French troops restore order

German states: should Germany be a monarchy or republic? Never united!