Conflicts in the Colonies
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Conflicts in the Colonies
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Conflict in the Colonies1. Native Americans
-land-religion
2. English Power-Mercantilism: England used colonies to provide
products they could not produce-Development of naval power-Desired a favorable balance of trade (when
exports exceed imports
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Conflict Continued3. Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663
-Passed to protect English mercantilism-Colonists were forced to use English ships and
trade directly with England4. Parliament forces James II out of power
-Demonstrates that Parliament has final say5. Monarchy changes colonies
-Enforce and tighten navigation acts-Parliament kept the right to veto any colonial
laws
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Uniting for Peace– Albany Congress (1754)
• Ben Franklin• Colonial leaders and Iroquois leaders• Aid against the French• Both reject the idea– no treaty
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Added Tension
• Relations with Native Americans worsen• Royal Proclamation of 1763: colonists could not cross the
Appalachian Mountains• England acquired a large debt from the war
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Problems after the War
-Indians in the Ohio Valley revolt against British forts
-conflicts were becoming costly for Britain
-Proclamation of 1763stated that colonists could not cross the Appalachian Mtns
-Colonists ignored the law and continued to provoke Indians
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Tensions Build
-British heavily in debt because of war
-standing British Army in the colonies
-Trading restrictions established to levy duties (taxes) on certain products
-smugglers avoid paying taxes
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Tensions Build
-writs of assistance
-Sugar Actaffected merchants and traders
-protests began against taxation without representation
James Otis
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Stamp Act
-Parliament passes Stamp Act
-placed a direct tax on the colonists
-required stamp on all legal documents, newspapers, license, and cards
-affected many colonists rich and poor
-Quartering Act, 1765
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Townshend Acts
-new tax placed on imports such as tea, glass, paper, paint
-colonists again reacted with protests
-British reacted by sending more troops
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Parliamentary Acts
• Sugar Act (1764)• Quartering Act (1765)• Stamp Act (1765)
– Stamp Act Congress– Repealed by Parliament (1766)
• Declaratory Act (1766)• Townshend Acts (1767)
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Colonial Reactions• “No taxation without representation.”• “Virtual Representation”-felt unrepresented in Parliament• Sons of Liberty organize boycotts• Committees of Correspondence
– Organized colonial resistance against the crown• Merchants create non-importation associations not buy
British goods
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Boston Massacre-March 1770
-protests by colonists
-British troops fire on crowd
-5 colonists killedCrispus Attucks
-Most soldiers found not guiltyJohn Adams served as attorney for the soldiers
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http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/winter96/enlargement.html
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The Revolutionary Cause• Boston center of colonial protest and
rebellion (strained heavily by acts)• British Army sent to enforce laws• Boston Massacre (1770) Townshend
Acts repealed
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Boston Tea Party (1773)Coercive Acts/Intolerable Acts
-harsh acts imposed to punish Boston-closed Boston Harbor-military governor over Boston
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First Continental Congress – September 1774– Colonial representatives– Complete boycott of British goods, raise local militias, repeal all
Parliamentary laws
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Divided Loyalty
• Loyalists/Tories-opposed independence; loyal to Britain
• Patriots/Whigs-supported the war with Britain; American colonists