Conflict, Security, & Cooperation
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Transcript of Conflict, Security, & Cooperation
Conflict, Security, & Cooperation
Conflict, Security, & CooperationAbout C, S, & CTypes of Force
◦Conventional◦Unconventional
Approaches to State Security◦The cooperation continuum
ABOUT CONFLICT, COOPERATION, & SECURITY
4 Main Conflict Changes over Time
1. Increase in arms transfers◦ Cold War and post-Cold War
http://www.oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/?attachment_id=11544
4 Main Conflict Changes over Time2. Increase in severity◦ Technology
http://www.cleveland.com/world/index.ssf/2008/12/92_nations_sign_treaty_to_ban.html
4 Main Conflict Changes over Time
3. Increase in frequency◦ Decolonization◦ Civil unrest
http://www.economist.com/node/12758508?subjectid=7933596&story_id=12758508
http://bpm-americas.blogspot.com/2010/03/summary-para-states-quasi-states-and.html
4 Main Conflict Changes over Time4. Change in focus of security◦ Guns and bombs ◦ Human security
GN v. GS
Guatemalan Convenience Store Guard
UNDOC.org
Consequences of ConflictCreates hostilitiesInterferes with tradeForestalls developmentSpill-over effectEmigration
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-19473478
TYPES OF FORCE
Conventional ForceConventional Legitimate control of forceDisputes between states
◦Wars ◦Aggression
Disputes within states◦Intervention
Unconventional Force: StatesSpecial operations
Overt v. CovertState-sponsored terrorism
Sudan, Afghanistan, Somalia al-QaedaRwandaM23 Congo rebels
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18612612
Unconventional Force: Non-States
Non-states◦Terrorist acts◦Cyber attacks◦Piracy
Unconventional: Non-State TerrorismWhat is it?Targets
◦Domestic, int’lObjectives
◦Attention◦Challenge gov’t
Coup d’état Assassinations, guerrilla warfare Peru’s Shining Path
◦Independence Basque separatist group Eta
Terrorist Acts: DomesticWhy might domestic opposition be
considered terrorism?Kurdish Worker’s Party (PKK) in Turkey Lack political representation Freedom fighters v. terrorists
Terrorist Acts: International
Not new phenomenonOrganize, attack across borders
◦Al Qaeda, TalibanCold War v. post-Cold War
◦Colonization◦Target US, western culture
http://warnewsupdates.blogspot.com/2012/05/us-involvement-in-yemens-war-against-al.html
Piracy
Recently revivedInt’l watersMore common near ‘troubled’ states
◦Somalia◦Nigeria
http://www.economist.com/node/18061574
Cyber-AttacksTarget infrastructure
◦Defense systems◦Communication systems◦Energy providers◦Economic services
Shamoon virus targeted Aranco-Replaced systems files with image-Garbage data -30,000 machines infected/ destroyedhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-19922421
THE COOPERATION CONTINUUM
IndividualStates
Some cooperati
on
More cooperati
on
Full cooperati
on
The Cooperation Continuum
Unilateral Self-
Defense
Limited Self-
Defense
Int’l Security Forces
Abolition of War
Unilateral Self-Defense
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures
0100200300400500600700800
2011 Military Spend-ing in $
F R0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%
Percentage Spent v. Other Countries
Traditional approach to securing a state
Self-relianceMilitary
Limited Self DefenseBilateral or multilateralArms limitation pacts
Conventional◦Antipersonnel Mine Treaty
Nuclear◦ Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT)
Chemical◦ Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)
Biological◦ Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)
http://www.rainbowfund.org/landmines/
International Security Forces
Collective security More cooperationIGOs
◦Regional◦Int’l
International Security Forces: Regional
◦NATO Afghanistan
◦ECOWAS Mali
◦Why intervene? Interests
International Security Forces: IGOs
INTERPOLUN
◦Peacekeeping◦Peacemaking ◦Peacebuilding
I800 C monitors http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18379696
Abolition of WarPacifism
◦Moral issue◦Bottom-up
Activities Gandhi MLK George Clooney
Total disarmament◦Cooperation http://www.kentlaw.edu/perritt/courses/seminar/2005-spring-papers
/zahorsky-Seminar%20Paper%20on%20Global%20Arms%20Trade.htm
Conflict, Security, & Cooperation
About: ChangesConventional & unconventional
forceCooperation