Confined Spaces Awareness - 2009

CONFINED SPACECONFINED SPACEAWARENESSAWARENESS

January 2009January 2009

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Presented byPresented by

Jan Cottrell Tech IOSHJan Cottrell Tech IOSH Health & Safety Officer Health & Safety Officer

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SHARE YOUR EXPERIENCESSHARE YOUR EXPERIENCES

Has anyone had any experience of Has anyone had any experience of Confined Spaces, either at work or Confined Spaces, either at work or

at leisure ?at leisure ?( pot-holing? Caving?...)( pot-holing? Caving?...)

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SOME FACTS…SOME FACTS…

• Work in confined spaces kills an average of Work in confined spaces kills an average of 15 people each year across a wide range of 15 people each year across a wide range of industries.industries.• The HSE report many associated serious The HSE report many associated serious injuries.injuries.• Of those killed, a number were involved in Of those killed, a number were involved in failed rescue attemptsfailed rescue attempts

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VIDEO - VIDEO - “Confined Space Entry“Confined Space Entry””

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What Is A Confined Space?What Is A Confined Space?

DEFINITIONDEFINITION..

Any space of an enclosed natureAny space of an enclosed naturewhere there is where there is a risk of death or a risk of death or

serious injury from hazardous serious injury from hazardous substances or dangerous substances or dangerous conditions.conditions.

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Types of Confined SpacesTypes of Confined Spaces• electrical switch rooms - vehicle & pedestrian electrical switch rooms - vehicle & pedestrian tunnels - boiler rooms - basements - lifts - lift tunnels - boiler rooms - basements - lifts - lift motor rooms - pump houses - roof spaces - motor rooms - pump houses - roof spaces - ducting - poorly vented rooms.ducting - poorly vented rooms.• chambers - tanks - vats - silos - pits - chambers - tanks - vats - silos - pits - trenches - pipes -sewers - flues - wells - trenches - pipes -sewers - flues - wells - workshop pits - paint spray boothsworkshop pits - paint spray booths• Some places may become confined spaces Some places may become confined spaces when work is carried out due to introduction of when work is carried out due to introduction of hazardshazards

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A CONFINED SPACE NEAR YOUA CONFINED SPACE NEAR YOU

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LegislationLegislation Confined Spaces Regulations 1997Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 Health & Safety @ Work Act 1974Health & Safety @ Work Act 1974 CDM Regs 2007CDM Regs 2007 Management of H & S @ Work 1999Management of H & S @ Work 1999 COSHH Regs. 2002COSHH Regs. 2002 Electricity @ Work Regs. 1989Electricity @ Work Regs. 1989 Personal Protective Equipment 1992Personal Protective Equipment 1992

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Risks 1Risks 1

• Lack of oxygenLack of oxygen• Reaction of soils & oxygen in Reaction of soils & oxygen in atmosphereatmosphere• Reaction of ground water on chalk & Reaction of ground water on chalk & limestone creating CO2.limestone creating CO2.• Formation of rust in steel tanks & Formation of rust in steel tanks & vesselsvessels• Storage of materials reacting with Storage of materials reacting with oxygen inside space.oxygen inside space.

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Risks 2Risks 2

• Poisonous gas - fumes - vapours:Poisonous gas - fumes - vapours:• Build up of gas in sewers - manholes Build up of gas in sewers - manholes & associated connected pipes& associated connected pipes• Pipes connected to tanks & vessels.Pipes connected to tanks & vessels.• Leaks into trenches from Leaks into trenches from contaminated land (refuse tips - gas contaminated land (refuse tips - gas works)works)

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Risks 3Risks 3

• Liquid & solids can fill confined space or Liquid & solids can fill confined space or release gases when disturbed.release gases when disturbed.• Free flowing solids (grain - concrete - Free flowing solids (grain - concrete - bitumen) can solidify causing “bridging” & bitumen) can solidify causing “bridging” & blockages capable of collapse.blockages capable of collapse.• Fire & explosion from vapours & gases.Fire & explosion from vapours & gases.• Residues left in tanks & spaces can give off Residues left in tanks & spaces can give off toxic fumes.toxic fumes.• Dusts may be present in air causing explosive Dusts may be present in air causing explosive mixturesmixtures• Hot conditions increase body temperature / Hot conditions increase body temperature / exhaustion.exhaustion.

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Risks 4Risks 4

• Machinery in use may require dust Machinery in use may require dust extraction eqpt.extraction eqpt. (angle grinder - planer) - (angle grinder - planer) - protection against electricprotection against electric shock.shock.

• Gas - fumes vapours might arise from Gas - fumes vapours might arise from welding - solvents - adhesives.welding - solvents - adhesives.

• Difficult ingress & egress via reduced size Difficult ingress & egress via reduced size openings (manholes) creating rescue openings (manholes) creating rescue problems.problems.

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The LawThe LawPerform risk assessments of confined Perform risk assessments of confined space before work starts. space before work starts. Have they been completed ?Have they been completed ?Identify hazards - assess risk - determine Identify hazards - assess risk - determine precautions. precautions. Have they been identified ?Have they been identified ?Considerations:Considerations:

The TaskThe TaskWorking environment.Working environment.Working materials & tools.Working materials & tools.Suitability of those carrying out task.Suitability of those carrying out task.Emergency provisions.Emergency provisions.

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Provisions of Confined Spaces Provisions of Confined Spaces Regulations 1997Regulations 1997

1.1. To avoid entry into a confined space whereTo avoid entry into a confined space wherework can be achieved from outside or by work can be achieved from outside or by other methods.other methods.

2. Use written systems of work where entry into 2. Use written systems of work where entry into confined spaces is unavoidable.confined spaces is unavoidable.

3. Ensure that there are adequate emergency 3. Ensure that there are adequate emergency Arrangements available & in place before Arrangements available & in place before work commences, & to take into account the work commences, & to take into account the safety of rescuers as well as casualtiessafety of rescuers as well as casualties

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Avoid Entry into Confined SpacesAvoid Entry into Confined Spaces

Can work be achieved outside of confined space?Can work be achieved outside of confined space?

Consider changing work plan to reduce need for confinedConsider changing work plan to reduce need for confinedspace working.space working.

Can confined space be modified to make work safer?Can confined space be modified to make work safer?

Inspection - sampling & cleaning may be undertaken Inspection - sampling & cleaning may be undertaken externally using appropriate tools & equipment.externally using appropriate tools & equipment.

Remote cameras can be used for internal inspections.Remote cameras can be used for internal inspections.

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TAKE A 10 MINUTE BREAKTAKE A 10 MINUTE BREAK

PLEASE BE BACK PLEASE BE BACK PROMPTLYPROMPTLY

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Safe System of Work (1)Safe System of Work (1)

If entry into a confined space is unavoidable, If entry into a confined space is unavoidable, a “safe system of work” is required.a “safe system of work” is required.

Use results of the risk assessment to reduce Use results of the risk assessment to reduce risk.risk.

Develop a written safe system of work - Develop a written safe system of work - provide instructions & training.provide instructions & training.

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Appointment of Supervisor:Appointment of Supervisor:To remain present for duration of work - to To remain present for duration of work - to check safety at each stage of job.check safety at each stage of job.

Suitability of persons:Suitability of persons:Are they experienced - trained - medically fit – Are they experienced - trained - medically fit – claustrophobic?claustrophobic?

Isolation:Isolation:Mechanical & electrical equipment - can it be Mechanical & electrical equipment - can it be operated inadvertently - “lock off & tag” - operated inadvertently - “lock off & tag” - isolate pipe work where fumes might percolate.isolate pipe work where fumes might percolate.

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Cleaning:Cleaning:Clean or purge confined space before entry.Clean or purge confined space before entry.Check size of Entrance:Check size of Entrance:Is it large enough for workers & equipment - Is it large enough for workers & equipment - emergency rescues - can breathing apparatus emergency rescues - can breathing apparatus be used?be used?Provision of ventilation:Provision of ventilation:Consider increasing no. of openings - Consider increasing no. of openings - mechanical ventilation - Are there diesel fumes, mechanical ventilation - Are there diesel fumes, exhausts exhausts gases - Petrol engines create Carbon gases - Petrol engines create Carbon Monoxide & must not be used.Monoxide & must not be used.

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Testing Atmosphere:Testing Atmosphere:Check for toxicity - explosive & flammable Check for toxicity - explosive & flammable ranges.ranges.Competent person to check using suitable gas Competent person to check using suitable gas detector (available from Safety Services).detector (available from Safety Services).Continuous monitoring will be required.Continuous monitoring will be required.Tools & Lighting:Tools & Lighting:Intrinsically safe equipment only.Intrinsically safe equipment only.Do not introduce additional O2 to “sweeten” the Do not introduce additional O2 to “sweeten” the air in the space as this increases flammability & air in the space as this increases flammability & explosion risk.explosion risk.

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Safe System (5)Safe System (5)

Emergency Arrangements:Emergency Arrangements:Ensure that BA equipment is available - staff Ensure that BA equipment is available - staff have been trained - life lines / harnesses must have been trained - life lines / harnesses must run back to point outside of confined space.run back to point outside of confined space.Communications:Communications:Intrinsically safe communications to be used at Intrinsically safe communications to be used at all times.all times.Alarm:Alarm:Designated person to summon assistance in Designated person to summon assistance in event of emergencies - Notify emergency event of emergencies - Notify emergency services of siteservices of site location prior to work.location prior to work.

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Selection Of StaffSelection Of Staff

Physically & mentally fit - Occupational Health Medical required.

Safety Services will arrange for medical examination

Staff working in sewers must have a sewer card - produced for medical.

Wearing of beards & spectacles may affect the air tight seal of BA mask

Pregnant workers must seek GP advice before working in confined spaces.

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Permit to WorkPermit to Work.. Job DetailsJob Details Notification to Safety Services & emergency Notification to Safety Services & emergency

services.services. Electrical / Mechanical isolation - lock out & tag Electrical / Mechanical isolation - lock out & tag

out systemsout systems Flooding - fumes gases - dusts vapours hazard.Flooding - fumes gases - dusts vapours hazard. Ventilation - type.Ventilation - type. Lighting - intrinsically safe.Lighting - intrinsically safe. Tests of Atmosphere.Tests of Atmosphere. Hot work.Hot work.

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Permit to WorkPermit to Work.. Ingress & egress - Access for rescue.Ingress & egress - Access for rescue. Emergency procedures - resuscitation - first aid.Emergency procedures - resuscitation - first aid. Certification of system by competent person.Certification of system by competent person. Acceptance of Permit conditions by Team.Acceptance of Permit conditions by Team. Test run before commencement of work.Test run before commencement of work. Permit completed & signed off.Permit completed & signed off. Monitoring by competent Persons / Safety Monitoring by competent Persons / Safety

Services.Services. Policies re - “safe systems & permits to work”Policies re - “safe systems & permits to work”

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Atmospheric TestingAtmospheric Testing

Oxygen content - Oxygen content - At least 19.5% but less than 23.5%At least 19.5% but less than 23.5%

Flammables - Flammables - Less than 10% of the lower Less than 10% of the lower explosive limit (LEL)explosive limit (LEL)

Toxic Gases - CO (PEL less than <35 ppm).Toxic Gases - CO (PEL less than <35 ppm).

Other hazardous materialsOther hazardous materials

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Atmospheric TestingAtmospheric Testing

Test before each entry into confined space.Test before each entry into confined space.

Test every 10 minutes if ventilation is necessary.Test every 10 minutes if ventilation is necessary.

Renew “permit to work” where work is protracted Renew “permit to work” where work is protracted & potential risk is high.& potential risk is high.

Test atmosphere at all levels.Test atmosphere at all levels.

Clean air near to entrance does not guaranteeClean air near to entrance does not guaranteeclean air further inside confined space.clean air further inside confined space.

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Supervisor Responsibilities:Supervisor Responsibilities:

Monitor entrants during entry - working - exit.Monitor entrants during entry - working - exit. To initially monitor atmosphere in confined To initially monitor atmosphere in confined

spacespace To control access to Space.To control access to Space. To summon emergency assistance if required.To summon emergency assistance if required. To undertake risk assessment of hazards in & To undertake risk assessment of hazards in &

around area & resolve.around area & resolve. To keep records of “permits” - air test results - To keep records of “permits” - air test results -

Team entrance & exitTeam entrance & exit

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Team Responsibilities:Team Responsibilities:

* Ensure ventilation & that space is safe for * Ensure ventilation & that space is safe for entryentry* Monitor atmosphere* Monitor atmosphere* To exit space without question when told.* To exit space without question when told.* To follow pre-determined safety rules.* To follow pre-determined safety rules.* To be familiar with work to be performed & * To be familiar with work to be performed & procedures before entering space.procedures before entering space.* To use RPE & PPE at all times* To use RPE & PPE at all times* To maintain communications with attendant * To maintain communications with attendant at all timesat all times

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Supervisors ResponsibilitiesSupervisors Responsibilities

To ensure protection to Entry Team - To ensure protection to Entry Team - Isolation of valves - Lock outs - Tag outs.Isolation of valves - Lock outs - Tag outs.

To support attendant’s authority in To support attendant’s authority in controlling access to space.controlling access to space.

To ensure safe exit of Team on completion of To ensure safe exit of Team on completion of work.work.

To ensure that Team are aware of work to be To ensure that Team are aware of work to be undertaken & inherent risks associated with undertaken & inherent risks associated with space.space.

To ensure that emergency equipment is To ensure that emergency equipment is available & emergency services are available & emergency services are summoned.summoned.

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Isolate the SpaceIsolate the Spacefrom all hazardsfrom all hazards

Close ValvesClose Valves– Double block & bleed, or– Blank flange

Empty the SpaceEmpty the Space– Depressurize, vent & drain

Lockout/Tagout EquipmentLockout/Tagout Equipment– Electrical sources– Rotating/reciprocating parts– Hazardous materials

Clean residue from the spaceClean residue from the space

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Use mechanical ventilationUse mechanical ventilation– Fans (Induction & Extraction)Fans (Induction & Extraction)

Ventilate at the rate of at least four (4) Ventilate at the rate of at least four (4) volumes per hourvolumes per hour– Larger spaces require more ventilationLarger spaces require more ventilation

Make sure air supply is not contaminatedMake sure air supply is not contaminated– Ventilation air supply must be from fresh air Ventilation air supply must be from fresh air

uncontaminated with flammables, toxins, etc.uncontaminated with flammables, toxins, etc.

Ventilate the SpaceVentilate the Space

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Entrant ResponsibilitiesEntrant Responsibilities To assure that the space has been adequately To assure that the space has been adequately

ventilated, isolated, emptied, or otherwise made ventilated, isolated, emptied, or otherwise made safe for entry.safe for entry.

To immediately exit a space, without question, To immediately exit a space, without question, upon word of the attendant, no matter what the upon word of the attendant, no matter what the reason.reason.

To follow all safety rules and procedures that To follow all safety rules and procedures that apply to the job.apply to the job.

To be familiar with the work to be performed and To be familiar with the work to be performed and the procedures that apply to the job.the procedures that apply to the job.

To use the appropriate PPE whenever To use the appropriate PPE whenever necessary.necessary.

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When the Job is Done:When the Job is Done:

Remove all personnel, tools, and debris Remove all personnel, tools, and debris from the space. Sign off the log.from the space. Sign off the log.

Close the space.Close the space. Cancel the permit.Cancel the permit. Review the job with the host employer Review the job with the host employer

(hazards, problems, other employers, etc.)(hazards, problems, other employers, etc.)

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Permits to WorkPermits to Work

Issue copies of policies:Issue copies of policies:

*Safe Systems of work.*Safe Systems of work.

*Permits to work*Permits to work

*Lone Working*Lone Working

See copies of “permits” attached.See copies of “permits” attached.

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Confined SpacesConfined Spaces

Jan CottrellJan Cottrell

Tech IOSHTech IOSH

20092009

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QuestionsQuestions1. Name 3 Acts / Regulations that have an impact on 1. Name 3 Acts / Regulations that have an impact on Confined Spaces ?Confined Spaces ?2. Define a “confined space” ?2. Define a “confined space” ?3. Give 5 foreseeable risks associated with confined spaces.3. Give 5 foreseeable risks associated with confined spaces.4. What does the Law specify must be completed before 4. What does the Law specify must be completed before work commences in confined spaces ?work commences in confined spaces ?5. What criteria should prevail when selecting staff to work 5. What criteria should prevail when selecting staff to work in confined spaces ?in confined spaces ?6. What 3 key provisions are detailed in the Confined Spaces 6. What 3 key provisions are detailed in the Confined Spaces Regulation 1997 ? Regulation 1997 ? 7. Indicate 5 items that must be included in a “permit to 7. Indicate 5 items that must be included in a “permit to work” system ?work” system ?8. What actions must be taken on completion of work in a 8. What actions must be taken on completion of work in a confined space ?confined space ?

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THE ENDTHE END

but before you leave,

please complete the course evaluation questionnaire.

Thank you and goodbye

Confined Spaces Awareness - 2009

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