Confined Space Permit Confined Space Pre-Entry Assessment ...
Confined Space Entry Issues
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Transcript of Confined Space Entry Issues
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Confined Space Entry IssuesConfined Space Entry Issues
Craig Schroll, CSP, CUSA
FIRECON
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Overview of ProgramOverview of Program
• Overall confined space issues
• Ways to address these issues
• Strategies for entries
• Types of confined spaces
• Hot work
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The ProblemThe Problem
• We continue to kill & injure people
• Lack of warning
• Lucky versus smart
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ComplianceCompliance
Remember that compliance is the price of admission not
the achievement of excellence.
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OSHA InformationOSHA Information
• Standard
• Compliance Instruction
• Interpretive letters
• All are available on the web site – www.osha.gov
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Other StandardsOther Standards
• ANSI Z117• NFPA• API• International• Australian• United Kingdom• European Union
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Hazard + Exposure = Hazard + Exposure = RiskRisk
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Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment
Pro
bab
ility
Severity
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Example of a Risk Assessment Matrix
- Severity of Injury or Illness Consequence and Remedial Action --
Likelihood of OCCURRENCE or EXPOSURE For selected Unit of Time or Activity
CATASTROPHIC Death or permanent total disability
CRITICAL Disability in excess of 3 months
MARGINAL Minor injury, lost workday
accident
NEGLIGIBLE First Aid or Minor Medical
Treatment
Frequent Likely to Occur Repeatedly
HIGHOperation not permissible
HIGHOperation not permissible
SERIOUSHigh Priority Remedial
action
MEDIUMTake Remedial action at
appropriate time
ProbableLikely to occur several times
HIGHOperation not permissible
HIGHOperation not permissible
SERIOUSHigh Priority Remedial
action
MEDIUMTake Remedial action at
appropriate time
OccasionalLikely to occur sometime
HIGHOperation not permissible
SERIOUSHigh Priority Remedial action
MEDIUMTake Remedial action at appropriate time
LOWRisk Acceptable:Remedial Action
Discretionary
RemoteNot likely to occur
SERIOUSHigh Priority
Remedial action
MEDIUMTake Remedial action at appropriate time
MEDIUMTake Remedial action at appropriate time
LOWRisk Acceptable:Remedial Action
Discretionary
ImprobableVery unlikely – may assume exposure will not happen
MEDIUMTake Remedial action at appropriate time
LOWRisk Acceptable:
Remedial Action Discretionary
LOWRisk Acceptable:Remedial Action
Discretionary
LOWRisk Acceptable:Remedial Action
Discretionary
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DesignDesign
• Eliminate the confined space
• Eliminate the need for entry
• Eliminate hazards
• Minimize risk
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Eliminate Confined SpaceEliminate Confined Space
• Change access
• Design in hazard elimination
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Eliminate Need for EntryEliminate Need for Entry
• Design space/process to not require internal maintenance
• Access ports
• Pull out panels
• Pull up equipment i.e. pumps
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Eliminate HazardsEliminate Hazards
• Design confined space with hazard elimination in mind
• For example, improved isolation systems
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Minimize RiskMinimize Risk
• Reduce number of entries
• Reduce duration of entries
• Reduce number of personnel
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Types of SpacesTypes of Spaces
• Confined space
• Permit-required confined space• Reclassified space• Space eligible for alternate procedures
• Non-permit space
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Confined SpaceConfined SpaceLarge enough to bodily enter
Limited or restrictedaccess
Not designed for continuous occupancy
ConfinedSpace
A space must have all three characteristics to meet the confined space definition.
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Permit-Required Confined SpacePermit-Required Confined Space
Has or has thepotential
to contain ahazardous
atmosphere?
•Oxygen deficient (19.5% or less)
•Oxygen enriched (23.5% or more)
•Flammable (10% LEL or more)
•Toxic (above PEL)
•Combustible dust (at or above LEL)
•Other IDLH
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Permit-Required Confined SpacePermit-Required Confined Space
Has the potential for engulfment?
Engulfment may occur by materials being introduced or removed from the space or by an entrant being drawn down into materials.
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Permit-Required Confined SpacePermit-Required Confined Space
Internalconfiguration
hazard?
Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers toa smaller crosssection.
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Permit-Required Confined SpacePermit-Required Confined Space
Any other recognized serious
safety or healthhazard?
Other hazards capable of causing death, serious physical harm, or interfering with the entrants ability to escape.
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Non-Permit Confined SpaceNon-Permit Confined Space
Does not contain or, have potential to contain any hazard capable of
causing death or serious physical harm.
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ReclassificationReclassification
• No atmospheric hazards• Eliminate all hazards• Document reclassification• Certification available to employees
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Elimination versus ControlElimination versus Control
• Elimination means hazard cannot return during entry operation.
• Control means that return of hazard is possible if control measures fail.
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Alternate ProceduresAlternate Procedures
• Atmosphere is only hazard• Ventilation can make space safe• Monitoring data• Data available to employee
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Alternate ProceduresAlternate Procedures
• Safe to remove entry cover• Guard opening• Test atmosphere• Continuous ventilation• Periodic atmospheric testing• Written certification
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ExamplesExamples
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RecognitionRecognition
Recognition of an area as a confined space is a critical
first step to safe operations.
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P E R M IT R E Q U IR E D C O N F IN E D S PA C E
D O N O T E N T E R
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Confined Space HazardsConfined Space Hazards
• Atmospheric• Content• Potential Energy• Environment in Space• Configuration of Space• Nature of Work• External • Miscellaneous
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Sources of HazardsSources of Hazards
• Inside the space
• External to the space
• From the work
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General RequirementsGeneral Requirements
• Evaluate workplace
• Inform employees
• Develop & Implement written program
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ProgramsPrograms
• General policy
• Specific guidelines
• Training requirements
• Permit system
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ProgramsPrograms
• Supervisor’s role
• Employee’s role
• Contractor procedures
• Emergency procedures
• Monitoring system
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Confined Space Policy & ProceduresConfined Space Policy & Procedures
• Simple
• Brief
• Useful
• Clearly communicated
• Consistently enforced
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Evaluating Your Evaluating Your Confined SpacesConfined Spaces
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Confined Space InventoryConfined Space Inventory
• Survey entire facility
• Identify all potential CS
• Classify spaces
• Maintain documentation
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Confined Space EvaluationConfined Space Evaluation
• Evaluate prior to entry (OSHA)
• Evaluate initially from a practical perspective• Equipment• Procedures• Training
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Confined Space EvaluationConfined Space Evaluation
• Must be conducted
• Maintain documentation
• May be electronic
• May be a form
• Actually use the information
• Update at least annually
• Teach people to do review prior to entries
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Safe System of WorkSafe System of Work
• Risk assessment
• Hazard evaluation
• Work process that eliminates hazards when possible and controls them when not
• Safe system of work
• Catch variations
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Planning EntryPlanning Entry
• Is entry necessary?
• Work plan
• Space preparation
• Permit
• Briefing
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BriefingBriefing
• Hazards
• Permit items
• Job tasks
• Emergency procedures
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Job SurveysJob Surveys
• Inspect area
• Review work
• Confirm safety issues
• Review preparations
• Check PPE
• Check equipment & supplies
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Entry SupervisorsEntry Supervisors
• Role is much more than a signature on a form
• Actually evaluate and resolve hazards
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TrainingTraining
• Establish and maintain competence
• All personnel involved in entries must be competent
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Program AuditProgram Audit
• Review permits
• Update surveys
• Update policies & procedures
• Update training
• Review equipment condition & needs
• Job site surveys
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Hot WorkHot Work
• Numerous safety & health issues
• A few specific to confined space work
• Ventilation
• Introduction of ignition source
• Heating can contribute to release of contaminants
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Q & AQ & A