CONFINED SPACE 8 HOUR CONFINED SPACE / TRENCH AWARENESS.
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Transcript of CONFINED SPACE 8 HOUR CONFINED SPACE / TRENCH AWARENESS.
CONFINED SPACE
8 HOUR
CONFINED SPACE /
TRENCH AWARENESS
CONFINED SPACE • Types of Confined Spaces–Sewers
–Silos
–Vats
–Ventilation and Exhaust ducts
–Boilers
CONFINED SPACE
• Types of Confined Spaces–Pipelines
–Underground Utility vaults
–Tunnels
–Railroad & Roadway tank cars
CONFINED SPACE
•Reasons for entering confined spaces–Cleaning–Inspections–Maintenance–*** Training ***–*** RESCUE ***
CONFINED SPACE
•Definitions–Qualified person•A person designated by the Employer in writing, as capable (by education and/or specialized training) of anticipating, recognizing and evaluating employee exposure to hazardous substances or other unsafe conditions in a Confined Space
CONFINED SPACE
•Definitions–Qualified person•This person shall be capable of specifying necessary control and/or protective action to insure worker safety
CONFINED SPACE
•Definitions–Attendant = A trained
individual, stationed outside the Confined Space area who monitors authorized entrants working in Permit - Required Confined Spaces
CONFINED SPACE
•Definitions–Authorized Entrant = A trained
individual who is authorized to enter a Permit - Required Confined Space area to perform work
CONFINED SPACE
•Definitions–Entry Supervisor = A trained
individual who verifies that all requirements for Permit - Required Confined Space entry have been met, authorizing and overseeing entry operations, and for terminating entries
CONFINED SPACE•Definitions–Hazardous Atmosphere = An
atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self - rescue (that is, escape unaided from a permit space), injury or acute illness from one or more of the following:
CONFINED SPACE
•Definitions–Hazardous Atmosphere =
Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10% of its Lower Flammable / Explosive Limits (LFL / LEL)
CONFINED SPACE
•Definitions–Hazardous Atmosphere =
Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its LEL / LFL
CONFINED SPACE
•Definitions
–Hazardous Atmosphere = Oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above 23.5%
CONFINED SPACE•Definitions–Hazardous Atmosphere =
Concentration of any substance published in Subpart G, Occupational Health & Environmental Control, or Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances, in excess of its dose or Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL)
CONFINED SPACE
•Definitions–Hazardous Atmosphere =
Any other atmospheric condition that is Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health (IDLH)
CONFINED SPACE•Definitions–Hazardous Atmosphere =
Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health (IDLH) - any condition that•Poses an immediate or delayed threat to life•Would cause irreversible adverse health effects
CONFINED SPACE
•Definitions–Hazardous Atmosphere =
Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health (IDLH) - any condition that•Would interfere with an individuals ability to escape unaided from a permit space
CONFINED SPACE•Definitions–Engulfment - The surrounding
and effective capture of a person by a liquid or finely divided (flowable) solid substance that can be aspirated to cause death by filling or plugging the respiratory system, or that can exert enough force on the body to cause death by strangulation, constriction, or crushing
CONFINED SPACE
•Definitions–Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere -
an atmosphere containing less than 19.5% oxygen by volume
CONFINED SPACE
•Definitions
–Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres - an atmosphere containing more than 23.5% oxygen by volume
CONFINED SPACE•Definitions–Permit Required Confined
Space (PRCS) - a confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics•contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere•contains a material that has a potential for engulfing an entrant
CONFINED SPACE•Definitions–Permit Required Confined Space
(PRCS) - a confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics•has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes and tapers to a smaller cross section
CONFINED SPACE
•Definitions–Permit Required Confined
Space (PRCS) - a confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics•contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard
CONFINED SPACE•Definitions–Non-Permit Confined Space - A
space that does not contain or, with respect to atmospheric hazards, have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm
CONFINED SPACE•Definitions–Inerting - displacement of the
atmosphere in a permit space by a noncombustible gas (such as nitrogen) to such an extent that the resulting atmosphere is noncombustible
CONFINED SPACE•Definitions–Isolation - The process by which a
permit required confined space is removed from service and completely protected against the release of energy and/or material into the confined space by such means as•Blanking and bleeding•Removing sections of lines, pipes or ducts
CONFINED SPACE•Definitions–Isolation - The process by which a
permit required confined space is removed from service and completely protected against the release of energy and/or material into the confined space by such means as•Double block and bleed•Lockout, tagout, or tryout of all sources of energy•Blocking or disconnecting of all linkages
CONFINED SPACE •Definitions–Retrieval system - the equipment
including a retrieval line, class III harness, wristlets, if appropriate, and lifting device used for on-entry rescue of workers from a permit-required confined space.
CONFINED SPACE•Definitions–Acceptable Entry Conditions -
the condition that must exist in a confined space to allow entry and ensure that employees involved with a permit-required confined space entry can work within the confined space
CONFINED SPACE•Definitions–Entry - •The action by which a person passes through an opening into a permit required confined space, and includes ensuing work activities in that space
CONFINED SPACE•Definitions–Entry Permit - •The written or printed document provided by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) to allow and control entry to a permit space
CONFINED SPACE•Definitions–Entry Permit - •Content of each permit is based on the AHJ’s identification and evaluation of each hazard of that permit space, or class of spaces, and all procedures the AHJ’s requires for protecting entrants from those hazards during entry
CONFINED SPACE
•Definitions–Entry Permit - •Each permit contains the information specified in paragraph (f), (“ENTRY PERMIT”), of the standard
CONFINED SPACE
•Definitions–Prohibited Condition - any
condition in a permit space that is not allowed by the permit during the period when entry is authorized
REQUIREMENTS
•General–The employer will decide if
the workplace contains Permit Required Confined Spaces (PRCS)
REQUIREMENTS
•General –If workplace contains PRCS,
the employer must inform employees of their existence, location and dangers
REQUIREMENTS
•General–If the employer decides
employees will enter permit spaces, the employer shall develop and implement a written entry program
REQUIREMENTS
•General–The employer may use
alternate entry procedures provided certain conditions and requirements are met
REQUIREMENTS
• General–When there are changes in use
or configuration of a non-permit confined space that might increase the hazards to entrants, the Employer shall, if necessary, reclassify as a permit space
REQUIREMENTS• General–If there are no actual or
potential atmospheric hazards and if all hazards within the space are eliminated without entry, space may be reclassified for as long as the non-atmospheric hazards remain eliminated
REQUIREMENTS• General–If entry into a confined space is
required to eliminate hazards, it shall be according to regulations and the confined space may be reclassified for as long as the hazards remain eliminated.
REQUIREMENTS
• General–The entry supervisor shall certify
in writing that all hazards in PRCS have been eliminated and make this document available to each entrant
REQUIREMENTS• General–If hazards arise in Alternate
Entry Permit Space or Non-permitted Space, employees shall exit the confined space and the entry supervisor shall determine whether to reclassify the confined space
REQUIREMENTS
• General–When the employer arranges
for contractor to perform PRCS entry work, the Employer shall• Inform contractor of the employer’s PRCS entry program
REQUIREMENTS• General–When the employer arranges for
contractor to perform PRCS entry work, the Employer shall•Appraise contractor of particular PRCS hazards, precautions and procedures implemented for protection of employees in or near the Permitted Space
REQUIREMENTS• General–When the employer arranges
for contractor to perform PRCS entry work, the Employer shall•Coordinate entry operations with
contractor when both will be working in or near Permitted Spaces and debrief contractor after entries
REQUIREMENTS• General–When the employer arranges for
contractor to perform PRCS entry work, the Employer shall•Contractors shall comply with the Employers PRCS Entry Program during combined employee entries and coordinate multiple entry operations
REQUIREMENTS• Alternate Entry Procedures–The AHJ may use alternate entry
procedures as specified in OSHA standard 1910.146 under certain conditions listed below•The Entry Supervisor demonstrates that only hazards posed by permit space is actual or potential hazardous atmosphere
REQUIREMENTS• Alternate Entry Procedures–The AHJ may use alternate entry
procedures as specified in OSHA standard 1910.146 under certain conditions listed below•The Entry Supervisor demonstrates that continuous forced air ventilation alone is sufficient to maintain a safe permit space
REQUIREMENTS
• Alternate Entry Procedures–The AHJ may use alternate entry
procedures as specified in OSHA standard 1910.146 under certain conditions listed below•The employer develops monitoring and inspection data that supports above demonstrations
REQUIREMENTS
• Alternate Entry Procedures–The AHJ may use alternate entry
procedures as specified in OSHA standard 1910.146 under certain conditions listed below• If an initial entry is necessary to obtain above data, entry shall be performed in accordance with OSHA 1910.146
REQUIREMENTS
• Alternate Entry Procedures–The AHJ may use alternate entry
procedures as specified in OSHA standard 1910.146 under certain conditions listed below•Determinations and supporting data shall be documented by the Entry Supervisor and made available to entrants
REQUIREMENTS
• Alternate Entry Procedures–The AHJ may use alternate entry
procedures as specified in OSHA standard 1910.146 under certain conditions listed below•Entry must be in accordance with requirements that follow
REQUIREMENTS
• Alternate Entry Procedures–If alternate entry procedures are
used, the following will be allowed•No formal written program•No permit system or permits•No attendant or supervisor•No rescue provisions•Training required
REQUIREMENTS
• Alternate Entry Procedures–Requirements for Alternate
Entry•Any condition making it unsafe to
remove an entrance cover shall be eliminated before the cover is removed
REQUIREMENTS
• Alternate Entry Procedures–Requirements for Alternate
Entry•When entrance covers are
removed, opening shall be promptly and effectively protected
REQUIREMENTS
• Alternate Entry Procedures–Requirements for Alternate Entry•Before entry, internal atmosphere shall be tested with a calibrated direct-reading instrument, for the following conditions in the order listed:–Oxygen content–Flammable gases and vapors–Potential toxic air contaminants
REQUIREMENTS
• Alternate Entry Procedures–Requirements for Alternate Entry•There may be no hazardous atmosphere within the confined space until after it is occupied
REQUIREMENTS
• Procedures for using continuous forced air ventilation–Entry will not be permitted until
hazardous atmosphere is eliminated–Ventilation shall be directed to
immediate areas where employees are or will be present and shall continue until employees have left space
REQUIREMENTS
• Procedures for using continuous forced air ventilation–Air supply shall be from a clean
source and may not increase hazards in space–Atmosphere within space shall be
continuously tested
REQUIREMENTS
• Procedures when a hazardous atmosphere is detected during entry–Each employee shall leave the
confined space immediately–Permit space shall be evaluated to
determine how hazardous atmosphere developed
REQUIREMENTS• Procedures when a hazardous
atmosphere is detected during entry•Measures shall be taken to protect employees from the hazardous atmosphere before a subsequent entry•The Entry Supervisor shall certify in writing that the confined space is safe for entry and that all of the above requirements have been met
REQUIREMENTS
• Procedures when a hazardous atmosphere is detected during entry–The Entry Permit will be available
to each employee before entry
REQUIREMENTS
• Permit Entry Confined Space Procedure (PECS)–Use of the PECS Program•Prevent unauthorized entry
• Identify and evaluate hazards before entry
REQUIREMENTS• Permit Entry Confined Space
Procedure (PECS)–Use of the PECS Program•Establish safe practices, such as
• Isolation• Purging• Inerting•Ventilation• Barricades• Lock out/tag out
REQUIREMENTS
• Permit Entry Confined Space Procedure (PECS)–Provide and maintain
equipment necessary for safe entry, including testing and monitoring, ventilation, communications, personal protection, lighting, barriers, ingress and egress, and rescue
REQUIREMENTS
• Permit Entry Confined Space Procedure (PECS)–Test Permit Space and
document results–Maintain acceptable conditions
in Permit Space
REQUIREMENTS
• Permit Entry Confined Space Procedure (PECS)–Provide at least one attendant
outside the Permitted Space for the duration of entry operations–Identify duties of each
employee and provide training
REQUIREMENTS
• Permit Entry Confined Space Procedure (PECS)–Establish a written system for
preparation, issuance, use and cancellation of Entry Permits
REQUIREMENTS
• Permit Entry Confined Space Procedure (PECS)–Coordinate entry operations
during multiple employer entries–Review entire program at least
annually, unless previously reviewed at conclusion of a specific entry
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–The Entry Supervisor, through
the permit system, shall•Ensure all PRCS Entry Permits are issued and posted at the entry portal•Ensure that the duration of the Permit does not exceed the time required to complete the task
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–The Entry Supervisor, through
the permit system, shall•Ensure that all PRCS Permits are appropriately cancelled in a timely manner
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–The Entry Permit must provide the
following information•Permit Space(s) to be entered•Purpose of entry •Date and authorized duration of entry permit•Authorized entrants
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–The Entry Permit must provide the
following information•Attendants•Entry Supervisors, by printed name and signature•Hazards of the permit space•Measures required to control hazards of the space
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–The Entry Permit must provide the
following information•Acceptable entry condition•Test results with signature or initials of tester(s)•Rescue services, and the means to summon them
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–The Entry Permit must provide the
following information•Communication procedures and equipment are on site•All special equipment and procedures, including personal protective equipment and rescue equipment
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–The Entry Permit must provide
the following information•Any other information needed to ensure safe entry•Any additional permits needed for welding, cutting, and brazing
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–Employee’s duties•Authorized entrants–Know the hazards that may be faced
during entry, including mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of exposure–Properly use all required equipment
REQUIREMENTS• Entry Permit System–Employee’s duties•Authorized entrants–Communicate with attendant as
necessary to enable attendant to monitor status and to alert entrants of need to evacuate–Alert attendant whenever any warning
sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation or a prohibited condition is detected
REQUIREMENTS• Entry Permit System–Employee’s duties•Authorized entrants–Exit from the permit space as quickly
as possible whenever•Order to evacuate is given by
attendant or entry supervisor• Entrant recognizes any warning sign
or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–Employee’s Duties•Authorized entrants–Exit from the permit space as quickly
as possible whenever• Entrant detects a prohibited
condition• Evacuation alarm is activated
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–Employee’s Duties•Authorized entrants–RESCUERS MUST BE TRAINED
TO THE ENTRANT LEVEL
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–Employee’s Duties•Authorized attendants–Know the hazards that may be faced
during entry
–Know the possible behavioral effects of hazards
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–Employee’s Duties•Authorized attendants–Continuously maintains accurate
count of entrants–Remain outside of permit space
during entry operations until relieved by another attendant
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–Employee’s Duties•Authorized attendants–Communicate with entrants as
necessary to monitor status and alert of need to evacuate space–Monitor activities inside and outside
the space to determine if it is safe for entrants to remain in space and order evacuation when necessary
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–Employee’s Duties•Authorized attendants–Summon rescue and emergency
services when emergency exit from permit space is necessary
REQUIREMENTS• Entry Permit System–Employee’s Duties•Authorized attendants–Take the following actions when
unauthorized persons approach or enter a permit space while entry in underway •Warns them to stay away•Advised them to exit immediately if
they have entered• Informs authorized entrants and entry
supervisor if unauthorized persons enter space
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–Employee’s Duties•Authorized attendants–Perform non-entry rescues–Perform no duties that might
interfere with attendant’s primary duty to monitor and protect authorized entrants
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–Employee’s Duties•Entry Supervisors–Know the hazards that may be faced
during entry–Verity that acceptable conditions for
entry exist–Terminate entry when operations are
completed or a prohibited condition arises
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–Employee’s Duties•Entry Supervisors–Verify rescue services are available–Remove unauthorized persons who
enter or attempt to enter permit space during operations–Determine, whenever responsible and
at appropriate intervals, that acceptable entry conditions are maintained
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–Rescue Services - ability to
restore an airway and circulation to the victim in 3-4 minutes•On site team–Must be properly trained in entry
procedures, rescue procedures and PPE equipment
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–Rescue Services - ability to restore
an airway and circulation to the victim in 3-4 minutes•On site team–Permit space rescues must be
practiced at least annually from similarly configured spaces
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–Rescue Services - ability to
restore an airway and circulation to the victim in 3-4 minutes•On site team–Must be trained in basic first-aid
and CPR, and have at least one member currently certified
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–Rescue Services - ability to
restore an airway and circulation to the victim in 3-4 minutes•Off-site team–Inform rescue service of hazards
they may confront
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–Rescue Services - ability to
restore an airway and circulation to the victim in 3-4 minutes•Off-site team–Provide rescue service with access to
all permit spaces so they can develop appropriate rescue plans and practice rescue operations
REQUIREMENTS
• Entry Permit System–Rescue Services - ability to
restore an airway and circulation to the victim in 3-4 minutes•Off-site team–If injured entrant is exposed to
substance with a required MSDS, it shall be made available to medical facility treating entrant
HAZARDS
• The Incident itself–Configurations
–Locations
–Height
–Depth
HAZARDS
• The Incident itself–Difficult rescues, can be
stationary or mobile
–May be above grade, below grade or at grade level
HAZARDS
• The Incident itself–Can narrow at the bottom
and/or the top
–Can be in an area difficult to get equipment to
HAZARDS
• Containment hazards (engulfment)–coal, sand, grain, pellets, you can
sink like quicksand or fall 20’ threw a hole
–Water - you can drown
HAZARDS
• Biological hazards / health hazards–MSD plants and sewers •Human waste
•Hepatitis B
• Infection
HAZARDS
• Biological hazards / health hazards–Storm sewers•Rats
• Insects
•Contaminated water
•Hepatitis B
HAZARDS
• Biological hazards / health hazards–Plants that work with biological
specimens and hazardous materials• Insects •Contaminated water
HAZARDS
• Mechanical Hazards–Electrical, augers, backhoes,
welding equipment
HAZARDS
• Mechanical Hazards–Difficulty with isolation - the
process where the space is removed from service by• Lockout, Tag out procedures,
preferably at disconnect switches remote from the equipment
HAZARDS
• Mechanical Hazards–Difficulty with isolation - the process
where the space is removed from service by•Disconnect–Removing belt and chain drives, mechanical
linkages when possible–A computer from a remote location can turn on
equipment or release a produce
HAZARDS• Mechanical Hazards–Difficulty with isolation - the process
where the space is removed from service by•Blanking and bleeding - pneumatic and hydraulic lines•Securing - mechanical moving parts within a space with chains, bars, chocks, blocks and other devices
HAZARDS
• Mechanical Hazards–Difficulty with isolation - the
process where the space is removed from service by•Double block and bleed
•Stored energy
•Static electricity
HAZARDS
• Weather–The environment for time of
season and day is extremely influencing
HAZARDS• Weather–Examples •Rain
•Snow
•Heat
•Cold
•Low and high humidity
HAZARDS
• Air contaminants (present the most problems and hazards)–Terms•TLV - TWA - Threshold Limit Value, the amount of exposure a person can receive in an eight hour day, forty hours a week
HAZARDS
• Air contaminants (present the most problems and hazards)–Terms•EEL - STEL - Emergency Exposure Limits or Short Term Exposure Limit, the amount of exposure a person can receive in fifteen minutes during a rescue
HAZARDS
• Air contaminants (present the most problems and hazards)–Terms• IDLH - Immediately Deadly to Life and Health, the amount of an exposure a person receives that is immediately life threatening
HAZARDS• Air contaminants (present the most
problems and hazards)–Terms•LEL - UEL - Lower Explosive Limits and Upper Explosive Limits - Between this range, combustible gases can burn and explode. Above the UEL the concentration is too rich and below the LEL the concentration is too lean
HAZARDS• Air contaminants (present the most
problems and hazards)–Recognize overexposure to yourself
and co-workers•Headache•Dizziness•Nausea•Smell of rotten eggs•Euphoria
HAZARDS
• Air contaminants (present the most problems and hazards)–Oxygen ranges - 19.5% to 23.5% -
can be displaced oxygen in a space from decaying plants, rust, introduction of another gas, inert gas cleansing and more
HAZARDS
• Air contaminants (present the most problems and hazards)–Carbon Monoxide displaces
oxygen in the human body, even when plenty of good air is available. ( 50 ppm ) Odorless, colorless, tasteless gas
HAZARDS
• Air contaminants (present the most problems and hazards)–Hydrogen Sulfide•Extremely poisonous and flammable–10 ppm is the TLV–IDLH is 300 ppm
HAZARDS
• Air contaminants (present the most problems and hazards)–Hydrogen Sulfide•Has an odor of rotten eggs and immediately deadens you senses
• If you smell it, get out!
HAZARDS
• Air contaminants (present the most problems and hazards)–Explosive gases - flammable
hydrocarbons•Methane•Gasoline•Acetylene•Carbon monoxide
HAZARDS
• Air contaminants (present the most problems and hazards)–Combustible dusts
HAZARDS
• Electrical and other energy
sources
• Poor lighting
• Poor footing (slips, falls)
HAZARDS
• Improper training–Retrieval system or methods shall
be used whenever entry is made, unless the retrieval equipment would increase overall risk of entry or would not be of value
HAZARDS
• Improper training–Each entrant shall use chest or
full body harness, with retrieval line attached at the center of their back neat shoulder level, or above their head
HAZARDS
• Improper training–Wristlets may be used in lieu of the
chest or full body harness if employer can show use of chest or body harness is not feasible or creates a greater hazard and that use of wristlets is safest and most effective alternative
HAZARDS
• Improper training–Other end of retrieval line shall
be attached to a mechanical device or fixed point outside permit space for immediate use
HAZARDS
• Improper training–Mechanical device shall be used
to retrieve personnel from vertical type permit spaces more than 5 feet deep hazards associated with Confined Spaces
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Monitor use–Time needed to intake
atmosphere ( 1 second per foot of tubing)
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Monitor use–Time needed for monitor to
evaluate• If you move too fast you can walk into or through a hazard
•Test 4 feet in all directions in front of you
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Monitor use–Your test equipment must
monitor what you’re searching for•Product
•LEL
•PPM
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Monitor use–Types of monitors•Gas detectors
•Particulate detectors
•Draeger tubes
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Monitor use–Types of monitors•Explosive meters–Calibration per manufacturer’s
recommendations
• Bump testing
• Fresh air calibration
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Monitor use–Types of monitors•Explosive meters–Maintenance - department and
manufacturer’s recommendations
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Monitor use–SHOULD USE TWO
MONITORS!!!!
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Monitor use–WHEN ALARM GOES OFF -
BELIEVE IT !!!–Testing must be continuous for
the outside and inside of the Confined Space (This makes sure that old problems don’t reoccur and new ones don’t arise
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–Definition - the planned and
systematic release and removal of gases and the replacement of these gases with a supple of fresh air
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–Consider characteristics of
gases•Vapor densities
•Stratification
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–Reasons for ventilation•When the type of construction is unsuitable for natural ventilation•To remove dangerous toxic gases
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–Reasons for ventilation•To reduce LEL’s to safe levels
•To produce a work environment with a temperature conducive to human habitation
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–When to ventilate - prior and
during entry of confined space
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–Where to ventilate• In the area where the confined space is occupied•During a rescue, the ventilation hose should be directed at the victims face when possible
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–Ventilation must be continuous
–Ventilation equipment should be intrinsically safe if dealing with flammable gases
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–Tubing should be sized so
escape air can be released around if from the opening
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–Area outside the Confined
Space should be clear for dangerous expelled gases
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–Make sure you’re not purging you
Confined Space with contaminated air from the outside•Car exhaust, small engine exhaust•Secure the scene and immediate area•Use upwind
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–Always operate the ventilator in the
positive pressure mode; an exhaust mode can draw flammable gases into your equipment and BOOM!!!!
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–How long to ventilate•Until the confined space is free of toxic gases and the LEL is at a safe level•MONITOR !!!–Minimum of 5 minutes or–6 air exchanges in the space
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–Blower considerations•CFM (usually stamped on blower)
•The length of blower hose and the number of bends will affect the CFM achieved
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–Blower considerations•Tubing in hole should not obstruct exhaust gases, should allow one person to enter and exit
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–Blower considerations•The blower should not be closer than 5 feet to confined space
•Place blower upwind
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–Blower considerations•Blower should be operated for one minute prior to putting hose in confined space
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–Blower considerations•Placement of blower hose–In a vertical confined space: with a 90
degree bend, blow against the wall, at least one foot below the surface, and two feet above the floor
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Use of ventilation to control the situation–Blower considerations•Placement of blower hose–In a horizontal confined space: lay hose
on the floor with the end of the hose at least two feet from the end wall. Be sure blower is out of the path of the purged air
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
–Personal protective equipment•Components–Hard hats
–Lights
–Radios
–Boots
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
–Personal protective equipment•Components–Eye and hearing protection–Splash protection–SCBA–Turn-outs (fire gear)–Hazardous materials protection
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Personal protective equipment•Does equipment need to be intrinsically safe; if yours?
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
–Personal protective equipment•Firefighting Protective Clothing - Nomex garment provides the best protection for out level of training–Helmets - Shock and eye protection–Turn out gear - fire and minor spill protection–Boots - shin and sole protection
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Personal protective equipment–SCBA and Supplied Air Units•Compatible air system with supplied air systems
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Personal protective equipment–SCBA and Supplied Air Unit•Supplied air system–10 minute escape bottle recommended
–one person with the main system
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Personal protective equipment–SCBA and Supplied Air Unit
•Supplied air system–Keep short distances for possible kinking of hose
–100 foot maximum
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Personal protective equipment–SCBA and Supplied Air Units•Standard SCBA enables us greater freedom of movement but air supply is limited
•MUST BE POSITIVE PRESSURE !!!
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• SCBA and Supplied Air Unit–Physicals are required yearly
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Approved full body harness, life line, tripods, descent and retrieval systems–Tri Pod Retrieval System
–Life Line Retrieval
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Tools/equipment–Non-sparking
–Air driven tools, intrinsically safe (drills, saws, cleaning equipment)
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Tools/equipment–Electrical equipment•Electrical is a source of ignition
•Should be on surge protectors and / or ground faults
•Needs to be grounded
•Should be low voltage
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Methods of Communication–Radios•Won’t turn corners
•Difficulty in thick cement structures
•Difficulty underground
•May need to be intrinsically safe
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Methods of Communication–Life Line - O A T H•O = OK - 1 pull on rope
•A = Advance line - 2 pulls on rope
•T = Take up slack - 3 pulls on rope
•H = HELP !!! 4 or more pulls on rope
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Methods of Communication–Hand Signals•Department usage
•Sight
–Voice
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• Identification system / Accountability system–Name of attendant
–Name & Number of entrants
–Time in and out of confined space
–Time on and off air system
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
•Record keeping–Types of records•Training
•Permits
•Incidents
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
•Record keeping–Types of records•Medical surveillance - can use OSHA’s Hazardous Materials regulations for this
•Equipment maintenance
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
•Record keeping–Record retention•Must be kept for a minimum of 1 year•Exposure records must be kept for 40 years or for 30 years after employment termination
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
•Record keeping–Record retention•THE WORK DAY ISN’T OVER UNTIL THE PAPERWORK IS COMPLETE
PROCEDURES
• Initial Operations–Activate response plan
–Incident Command system
–Prevent unauthorized personnel from entering area
–Set up control zones
PROCEDURES
• Permit required confined space entry & rescue–Prepare permit or S.O.P.–Check for hazards–Air quality monitor–Ventilate–Tri-pod or other fixed point
PROCEDURES
• Permit required confined space entry & rescue–Retrieval system–Full body harness–Lighting–Communications–Personal protective equipment–Rescue services
PROCEDURES• Permit required confined space
entry & rescue–Protect portal–Post permit or S.O.P. at portal–All entrants or rescuers are
trained to complete assignment–Make entry, perform assigned
work–Cancel permit
PLANNING
• Establish a confined space training program• Make personnel aware of
hazards• Train personnel in tasks that
your department can perform safely
PLANNING
• Preplan a confined space rescue response• Develop a procedure for first in
companies• Develop a response plan with
local area fire departments & industry