Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping
description
Transcript of Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping
![Page 1: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ
Capping Site characterization / selection Engineering design Operational considerations Contaminant pathways and controls Long-term management Monitoring http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lbh9c0noR4s
![Page 2: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
04/22/23
Potential Contaminant Release Pathways for Dredging and Upland Disposal
![Page 3: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
04/22/23
Confined Disposal Alternatives
![Page 4: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Engineering Issues Reduce Contaminant Pathways
Disposal pathways Physical disturbance Seepage
Optimize Capacity Safely dispose of the greatest amount
of material in the smallest area
![Page 5: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Physical Disturbance Excavation and removal of
contaminated sediments Erosion and Scour at the disposal site Slope Stability
Nature of underlying materials Stability of existing and future slopes
Intended end use of site Consolidation and settling Cap Properties
![Page 6: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Seepage Excess pore water in upland sites Consolidation and compaction
induced seepage Groundwater-driven seepage
![Page 7: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Other Considerations Dredged disposal volume Area of land desired Habitat mitigation requirements Cost comparisons
![Page 8: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
04/22/23
Local Example: Ross Island
![Page 9: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
04/22/23
Ross Island Locator Map
![Page 10: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
04/22/23
Aerial Photo
![Page 11: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
04/22/23
![Page 12: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
04/22/23
History of the Ross Island Sand & Gravel Site
July 1926 RISG acquires the islands and ownership is established over the area defined by the low water line surrounding the islands
October 1967 RISG issued removal permit following effective date of Oregon’s removal law
1972 RISG proposed to mine entire islands away - denied by Oregon AG
1972 RISG proposed to connect the northern ends of the islands forming a private pond - denied by COE
![Page 13: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
04/22/23
RISG History – Cont’d 1979 RISG’s removal permit amended to include
fill 1980 City of Portland issued Conditional Use
Permit specifying details of eventual reclamation 1983 RISG began accepting fill materials from
outside sources 1992 first confined disposal event of Port of
Portland dredged sediments
![Page 14: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
04/22/23
![Page 15: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
04/22/23
![Page 16: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
04/22/23
Typical Cross Section
![Page 17: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
04/22/23
Disposal Methods
![Page 18: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
04/22/23
Potential Contaminant Migration Pathways -
Disposal Processes
![Page 19: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
04/22/23
Potential Contaminant Migration Pathways - Groundwater Transport (Present and Future)
![Page 20: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
04/22/23
Potential Contaminant Migration Pathways -
Physical Disturbance
![Page 21: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
04/22/23
Groundwater Movement through Cells
![Page 22: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
04/22/23
Potential Groundwater Transport from Containment Cells
Upward groundwater flow Cap design minimizes discharge
via this sort of flow Predicted discharge
concentrations below risk-based criteria.
![Page 23: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
04/22/23
Potential Physical Disturbance of Containment Cells
Natural erosion (floods). Human influence (mining). Geotechnical stability.
![Page 24: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
04/22/23
Slope Instability
![Page 25: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
04/22/23
Potential Physical Disturbance of Cells
Minimal erosion potential due to a control dike.
Mining controls would avoid future impacts.
Slopes are presently receiving fills.
![Page 26: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
04/22/23
RISG CDF: Conclusion Final decision not yet made about
CDF and the future of the island as a city park or preserve
Engineering studies strongly suggest the CDF is presently secure and presents an acceptable risk
![Page 27: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
04/22/23
GREENFill Areas Considered
YELLOWFill Areas Proposed
REDAreas to be Dredged
![Page 28: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
04/22/23W. Fish, Portland State
University
Wyckoff/Eagle Harbor
![Page 29: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
04/22/23
Wyckoff/Eagle Harbor Bainbridge Island, in Central Puget
Sound 3,780-acre site Land use in the area is predominantly
residential, with some commercial and industrial uses
The harbor supports several fish resources, a wide variety of resident and migratory birds, and other wildlife
![Page 30: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
04/22/23
Eagle Harbor
![Page 31: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
04/22/23
Wyckoff/Eagle Harbor Sources of Contamination:
Inactive 40-acre wood treating facility owned by Wyckoff
Adjacent 500-acre Eagle Harbor Other upland sources of
contamination (Shipyard)
![Page 32: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
04/22/23W. Fish, Portland State
University
Site History Shipyard operated from 1903 to 1959
on the northwest shore of Eagle Harbor, resulting in releases of metals and organic contaminants.
1905 to 1988, wood treating operations were conducted on the southeast shore involving pressure treatment with creosote and pentachlorophenol
![Page 33: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
04/22/23W. Fish, Portland State
University
Discovery During the 1970s, efforts were made to address oil
seepage on beaches adjacent to the Wyckoff
1984: NOAA investigations of the Harbor revealed that sediment, fish, and shellfish from Eagle Harbor contained elevated levels of PAHs
![Page 34: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
04/22/23
The Response to Discovery EPA required Wyckoff to conduct
environmental investigation activities under RCRA
Washington State required immediate action to control stormwater runoff and seepage of contaminants
![Page 35: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
04/22/23
Response, Cont’d September 1985: Proposed to the
Superfund NPL 1985:Washington State Hazardous
Waste Cleanup Program, (Ecology): Preliminary Investigation of sediment contamination in Eagle Harbor
![Page 36: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
04/22/23
Response, Cont’d 1985: NOAA completed a study relating
the presence of PAHs in sediment to the high rate of liver lesions in English Sole from Eagle Harbor
March 1987, Wyckoff Company entered into an Administrative Order on Consent with EPA for further investigation of the facility (RI/FS)
![Page 37: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
04/22/23W. Fish, Portland State
University
Historical Sources Preservative chemicals were stored in
tanks on the property. Contamination of soil and ground water at
wood treatment facility led to seepage into adjacent sediments.
Wastewater discharged into Eagle Harbor for many years; storing treated pilings and timber in the water continued until the late 1940's.
![Page 38: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
04/22/23
Contaminants of Concern Shipyard: Levels toxic to marine
life Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
and other organics Heavy metals such as mercury,
copper, lead, and zinc
![Page 39: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
04/22/23
Contaminants of Concern Wyckoff facility, soil and
groundwater are contaminated with:
Creosote Accompanying PAHs Pentachlorophenol (PCP; “penta”)
![Page 40: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
04/22/23W. Fish, Portland State
University
CERCLA Operating Units 1991, EPA defined three operable
units at the Wyckoff/Eagle Harbor site:
Wyckoff (OU1) East Harbor (OU2) West Harbor (OU3) Wyckoff Facility groundwater (OU4,
1994)
![Page 41: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
04/22/23
Selected Remedial Actions Dredging, excavating dewatering intertidal
sediment that exceeds levels of 5 mg/kg mercury and/or lower, moderate PAH concentrations
Approximately 1,000 to 7,000 cubic yards Solidification/stabilization, as necessary, to
comply with disposal rules Transporting sediment, which cannot be
treated to meet rules offsite for disposal at a RCRA-permitted (Subtitle C or D) landfill
![Page 42: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
04/22/23
Remedial Actions (cont’d) Treating dewatering wastewater onsite using
carbon adsorption before discharge into the harbor
Capping the sediment in areas of high concern with a 1- meter thick layer of clean sediment;
Placing a thin layer of clean sediment in subtidal areas of low to moderate concern to enhance natural sediment recovery
![Page 43: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
04/22/23
Remedial Actions (cont’d) Long-term environmental monitoring Institutional controls to prevent
exposure to contaminated fish and shellfish.
The estimated cost is up to $16,000,000 Most work done but site still on NPL
![Page 44: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
04/22/23W. Fish, Portland State
University
Eagle Harbor Cap Areas
![Page 45: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
04/22/23W. Fish, Portland State
University
East Harbor Capping (OU2)
Sept 1993-March 1994, EPA and the Corps of Engineers covered contaminated sediments in the East Harbor
Cap of clean sediment at water depths of 17 m and 13 m, respectively.
Sediment was dredged from the Snohomish River as part of an annual project for ship navigation
![Page 46: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
04/22/23
Capping Methods
![Page 47: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
04/22/23W. Fish, Portland State
University
Capping Methods Split Hull: Fast but uneven.
![Page 48: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
04/22/23W. Fish, Portland State
University
Capping Methods Hydraulic washoff:
![Page 49: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
04/22/23W. Fish, Portland State
University
West Harbor CDF (OU3)
![Page 50: Confined Disposal Facilities and In Situ Capping](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815b63550346895dc94fb1/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
04/22/23
Final sediment cleanup actions Monitoring the success of natural
recovery in intertidal areas Monitoring contaminated areas where
active remediation cannot be implemented.