Conditionals in French
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Transcript of Conditionals in French
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[ French V Zip file of mp3s - 18.90 MB ]
81. COLLOQUAL EXPRESSONS
Il faut + infinitive (it is necessary, one must)Il faut tourner gauche. It is necessary to turn left.Il faut faire les devoirs. One must do homework.Il lui faut aller l'cole. He must go to school.
Il faut + noun (need)Il faut du fromage. You need some cheese.Il faut un jeton. You need a token.Il me faut un stylo. I need a pen.
Il reste (there remains)Il reste une chambre. There is one room left.Il n'en reste plus. There are no more left.Il me reste trois jours. I have three days left.
Notice that il faut and il reste can both take an object pronoun to indicate a person.
Il vaut mieux + infinitive (it is better)Il vaut mieux prendre le bus. It is better to take the bus.Il vaut mieux apprendre les langues que la politique. It's better to learn languages than politics.
Il s'agit de (it's a question of, it's a matter of, it's about)De quoi s'agit-il ? W hat's is about?Il ne s'agit pas de a ! That's not the point!Il s'agit de ton avenir. It's a matter of your future.
Avoir beau (although, despite the fact, however much)J'ai beau tudier cette langue, je ne la parle pas. Although I study this language, I don't speak it.Il a beau faire froid, nous sortirons. Although is it cold, we will go out.
Avoir l'air + adjective (to seem/look)a a l'air dlicieux. That looks delicious.Vous avez l'air fatigu. You seem tired.a n'a pas l'air d'aller. Things don't look so good.
a vous dit ? / a vous dirait de... ? (Would you like to? / How would you feel about...? / Does that interest you? / Doesthat ring a bell?)a vous dirait de regarder un film ce soir ? Are you interested in watching a movie tonight? / Would you like to watch a movietonight?Non, a me dit rien. No, that doesn't interest me. / No, I don't want to.a te dit quelque chose ? Does that ring a bell? / Does that remind you of anything?Non, a me dit rien. No, that doesn't ring a bell. / That doesn't remind me of anything.a ne me dit pas grande chose. That does nothing for me.
a parle de quoi / qui ? (What / Who is it about?)a parle de quoi, le livre que tu cris ? What's the book about that you're writing?
a y est ! ( There! That's it ! It's done!)
a a t (How did it go? / It went well.)Ton examen, a a t ? How did your exam go?Oui, a a t. It went well.
On dirait... [a ressemble ] (It seems / it looks like / it tastes like / it smells like / it feels like / it sounds like)On dirait un chat. It looks like a cat.
pas terrible (terrible actually means terrificin this phrase)C'est pas terrible, ce film. This movie is not very good.
pas mal de (a lot of, lots of, tons of - synonym ofbeaucoup)J'ai pas mal de trucs faire aujourd'hui. I have lots of things to do today.
82. CONJUNCTONS & CONNECTNG WORDS
auparavant before de mme similarly par exemple for example
d'abord first en/de plusmoreover /furthermore
pour / afin de in order to
ensuite / puis then d'ailleurs besidespar contre / enrevanche
on the contrary
plus tard later plutt rather d'autre parton the otherhand
aprs after surtout especially au moins at least
alors so quand mme anyway malgr / en dpit de in spite of
ainsi thus au fait by the way sauf except
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donc therefore en fait actually cependant / pourtant however / yet
finalement / enfin finally c'est--dire that is to say mme si even if
quand / lorsque whenen d'autrestermes
in other words par consquent consequently
aussitt / ds que as soon as c'est pour a que that's why comme si as though
tant que as long as parce que because nanmoins nevertheless
depuis since car for / because soit... soit either... or
bien que although puisque / comme since en conclusion in conclusionalors / tandis que while / whereas cause de because of en bref in brief / in short
The word soit has several meanings. It is also the third person singular form of tre in the present subjunctive. Je veux qu'ilsoit l. I want him to be here. It can also be used to mean i.e. orthat is when introducing a clause. Le contenu du CD estbilingue, soit franais et anglais. The contents of the CD are bilingual, i.e. French and English.
83. FORMS OF TOUT
As an adjective, tout precedes and agrees with the noun.
masc. sing. tout le train the whole train
fem. sing. toute la journe the whole day
masc. pl. tous les enfants all the kids
fem. pl. toutes les mres all the moms
As a pronoun, tout can be used alone; it then means everything and is invariable.Tout va bien. Everything's fine.Je ne peux pas tout faire. Ican't do everything.
It can also reinforce the subject. (The s of tous is pronounced when tous is a pronoun.)Ils sont tous l. They are all here.
Tout can also be used with direct object pronouns. The forms of tout follow the verb in a simple tense and go between theauxiliary and past participle in a compound tense.Je les ai toutes. Ihave them all.Je ne les ai pas tous eu. Ididn't have them all.
Idiomatic Expressions with Tout
en tout cas in any case
tout le monde everyone
tout de suite right away
de toute faon anyway
tout fait completely
toutes sortes de all kinds of
pas du tout not at all
malgr tout in spite of it all
tout l'heure in a little while
84. BABES & CHLDREN
baby le bb carousel le mange
fetus le ftus toys les jouets (m)
diaper la couche ball le ballon
safety pin l'pingle nourrice (f) marbles les billes (f)
rattle le hochet doll la poupe
pacifier la ttine stuffed animals les peluches (f)
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bottle le biberon teddybear le nounours
carriage le landau blocks les cubes (m)
stroller la poussette top la toupie
high chair la chaise haute puppet la marionnette
bib le bavoir kite le cerf-volant
crib le lit de bb balloon le ballon
cradle le berceau rollerblades les rollers (m)
kids les gosses (m) rollerskates le patin roulettes
slide le toboggan wagon le petit chariot
seesaw la balanoire bascule maze le labyrinthe
swing la balanoire hopscotch la marelle
A doudou refers to a favorite stuffed animal.
85. PRMARY & SECONDARY SCHOOL
school l'cole (f) pencil le crayon
teacher (m) l'enseignant mechanical pencil le porte-mine
teacher (f) l'enseignante pen le stylo
elem. teacher (m) l'instituteur eraser la gomme
elem. teacher (f) l'institutrice ink l'encre (f)
secondary teacher le professeur ink jar l'encrier (f)
chalkboard le tableau pencil sharpener le taille-crayons
chalk la craie glue la colle
desk le pupitre scissors les ciseaux (m)
student l'lve ruler la rgle
university student l'tudiant(e) highlighter le surligneurbook le livre crayons les crayons de couleur (m)
backpack le sac dos marker le marqueur
schoolbag le cartable piece of paper la feuille
locker le casier spiral notebook le carnet de notes spirale
globe le globe terrestre folder la chemise
diploma le diplme notebook le cahier
school supplies les fournitures scolaires binder le classeur
pencil case la trousse notepad le bloc-notes
Students of all ages use a trousse in France. They're not just for elementary students!
86. PASSVE VOCE
As in English, the passive voice in French is composed of a tense of the verb to be and a past participle. However, only adirect object in French can become the subject of the passive form. The active form, le chat mange la souris is madepassive thus: La souris est mange par le chat.The cat eats the mouse becomes the mouse is eaten by the cat. Thesubject in the active sentence (le chat) becomes the object of the passive. The direct object of the active sentence (la souris)becomes the subject of the passive sentence preceded by "par." The verb of the active sentence is changed into a pastparticiple (mange becomes mange, notice the agreement!) preceded by a form oftre.
Elle est porte par Jean. She is carried by John.Elles ont t inspires par Van Gogh. They were inspired by Van Gogh.Il avait t tu par les soldats franais. He had been killed by French soldiers.
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Notice how pronominal verbs change from active to passive:Active: Je me suis rveille. I woke up.Passive: J'ai t rveille par quelque chose. I was awakened by something.
Passive is Not Possible
If a verb takes an indirect object, it cannot be transformed into the passive voice in French. In this case, on is used in theactive construction, as long as the agent is not specified and the action is performed by a human being (i.e. no natural forces,such as weather).
On a donn un cadeau ma mre. My mother was given a present. [Someone gave a present to my mother.]On lui a dit de retrouver le conservateur au muse. He was told to meet the curator at the museum. [Someone told him tomeet the curator at the museum.]
Alternatives to the Passive
In addition to using on as the subject of an active construction to replace the passive, you can also use the pronominalconstructions: se voir[to see oneself], s'entendre [to hear oneself], se faire [to get oneself] and se laisser[to let oneself] +infinitive. These verbs can be used when the agent is specified, unlike the active construction with on.
Je me suis vu promettre une augmentation. I have been promised a raise.Elle s'est entendu dire qu'il allait mourir. She was told that he was going to die.Jean s'est fait arrter. John got arrested.Ils se sont laiss tombermalade. They let themselves get sick.
You can also use a pronominal verb to translate the passive, as long as the agent is not specified. However, this does notwork for all verbs.
a s'crit comment? How is that written?a ne se dit plus. That is not said anymore.
Use tre + infinitive to translate must+ English passive:Ce monument est voir! This monument must be seen!Ce rapport est refaire. This report must be redone.
87. DEPUS, L Y A, & PENDANT N PAST CONTEXTS
1. To express an action that has been going on, depuis (or il y a ... que) is used with thepresent tense.
Depuis quand avez-vous votre ordinateur ?Depuis combien de temps avez-vous votre ordinateur ?How long have you had your computer ?
Je l'ai depuis deux ans.a fait deux ans que je l'ai.Il y a deux ans que je l'ai.I've had it for two years.
Je conduis depuis longtemps. Ihave been driving for a long time.
2. But to express an action that had been going on for some time when something else happened, depuis is used with theimperfect.
Nous conduisions depuis deux heures,quand j'ai propos de prendre le volant.
We had been driving for two hourswhen Ivolunteered to drive.
3. To express an action that you have not done for some time, use depuis with thepass compos.
Je n'ai pas conduit depuis mon mariage. Ihaven't driven since I've been married.
4. To express an action that was done for a period of time, pendantis used, usually with the pass compos. But for anaction that was completed some time ago, use il y a, also with the pass compos.
J'ai lou une voiture pendant deux semaines. I rented a car for two weeks.
J'ai appris conduire il y a deux ans. I learned to drive two years ago.
88. POST OFFCE & BANK
post office la poste bank la banque
letter la lettre teller le caissier / la caissire
postcard la carte postale bill le billet
stamp le timbre check le chque
phone booth la cabine tlphonique checkbook le chquier
mailbox la bote lettres ATM le guichet automatique
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mail slot la fente key la cl
address l'adresse lock la serrure
return address l'expditeur filing cabinet le classeur
label l'tiquette safety deposit box le coffre
packing tape le ruban adhsif notepad le bloc-notes
package le paquet credit card la carte de crdit
postmark le cachet de la poste security camera la camra de surveillancerubber band l'lastique security guard le gardien
ink pad le tampon encreur drive-thru window le drive-in
string la ficelle safe le coffre-fort
89. TO RECEVE
Recevoir-to receive
reois recevons
reois recevez
reoit reoivent
The past participle of recevoir is reu.
90. VERBS + A OR DE + NFNTVES OR NOUNS
Some verbs require or de before an infinitive:
Verb + + infinitive Verb + de + infinitive
aider to help accepter de to accept conseiller de to advise
s'amuser to have fun arrter de to stop convenir de to agree upon
apprendre to learn avoir envie de to feel like craindre de to fear
arriver to manage avoir honte de to be ashamed dsesprer de to despair
chercher to look for avoir peur de to be afraid dissuader de to dissuade
commencer to begin avoir raison de to be right entreprendre de to undertake
consister to consist avoir tort de to be wrong envisager de to contemplate
continuer to continue choisir de to choose s'tonner de to astonish
donner to give dcider de to decide se garder de to keep oneself
encourager to encourage dfendre de to forbid ngliger de to neglect
enseigner to teach demander de to ask persuader de to persuade
s'exercer to practice/learn se dpcher de to hurry up prier de to beg
s'habituer to get used to dire de to say recommander de to recommend
hsiter to hesitate empcher de to prevent reprocher de to reproach
insister to insist essayer de to try
inviter to invite tre heureux de to be happy
renoncer to give up tre oblig de to be required
russir to succeed viter de to avoid
songer to consider s'excuser de to apologize
s'appliquer to apply to finir de to finish
s'attacher to become attached interdire de to forbid
se dcider to decide menacer de to threatens'employer to use oublier de to forget
inciter to incite permettre de to permit
s'obstiner to insist promettre de to promise
parvenir to succeed refuser de to refuse
persister to persist in regretter de to regret
pousser to push remercier de to thank
provoquer to provoke rver de to dream
se risquer to risk risquer de to risk
veiller to look after venir de to have just
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viser to aim cesser de to stop
Venir de + infinitive means "to have just" + past participle in English. Je viens de manger. I just ate.
Some verbs require or de before nouns:
Verb + + noun Verb + de + noun
aller to suit s'apercevoir de to notice
assister to attend s'approcher de to approachdemander to ask (someone) avoir besoin de to need
dire to tell (someone) changer de to change
convenir to suit dpendre de to depend on
jouer to play (sport/game) douter de to doubt
nuire to harm hriter de to inherit
obir to obey jouer de to play (instrument)
penser to think of jouir de to enjoy
plaire to please manquer de to lack
renoncer to give up se mfier de to distrust
rpondre to answer penser de to think/have an opinion about
resister to resist remercier de to thank for
ressembler to resemble rire de to laugh atsonger to consider se servir de to use
survivre to survive se souvenir de to remember
tlphoner to phone vivre de to live on
And some verbs require no prepositions in French, while others use different prepositions from English:
No prepositions in French Different prepositions from English
approuver to approve of entrer dans to enter
attendre to wait for consister en to consist of
chercher to look for se fcher contre to get angry with
demander to ask for
couter to listen to
esprer to hope for
payer to pay for
rappeler to remind of
regarder to look at
sentir to smell of/like
viser to aim at
Tu me rappelle mon pre. You remind me of my father.a sent la pluie. It smells like rain.
91. ADJECTVES + A OR DE + NFNTVES
Adjective + + infinitive Adjective + de + infinitive
accessible accessible accus de accusedagrable pleasant assur de assure/insured
amusant fun capable de capable
antrieur previous/earlier certain de certain
attach attached charg de charged/loaded
conforme standard connu de known
contraire contrary conscient de conscious
dernier last content de content/satisfied
ennuyeux boring dnud de naked/bare
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tranger foreign dsireux de desirous
expos exposed dsol de sorry
favorable favorable diffrent de different
infrieur inferior/lower digne de fit/worthy
intressant interesting exempt de exempt
lger light furieux de furious
lent slow heureux de happylourd heavy honteux de ashamed
oppos opposite impatient de impatient
pnible difficult plein de full
premier first priv de private
prt ready proche de close/near
rapide fast rempli de full
semblable similar soucieux de worried
seul only sr de sure
suprieur superior/higher triste de sad
terrible terrible vide de empty
utile useful
92. TO FOLLOW
Suivre-to follow
suis suivons
suis suivez
suit suivent
The past participle of suivre is suivi. Suivre can also be used with school subjects to mean "to take a course."
Suivez le guide ! Follow the guide!Suivez les instructions. Follow the instructions.Je suis un cours de maths. I'm taking a math class.
93. FARE CAUSATVE
Faire + an infinitive is called the faire causative. It translates to "have something done by someone or cause something to bedone by someone," or "to cause someone to do something."
Je rpare la voiture. I'm fixing the car.Je fais rparer la voiture. I'm having the car fixed.Il peint son appartement. He's painting his apartment.Il fait peindre son appartement. He's having his apartment painted.Le bb mange. The baby is eating.Elle fait manger le bb. She's feeding the baby.
When replacing the object with a pronoun, the pronoun precedes faire. And in past tenses, the past participle remainsinvariable.
Je la fais rparer. I'm having it fixed.Il leura fait apprendre les verbes. He had them learn the verbs.Il les leur a fait apprendre. He had them learn them.
Se faire + infinitive is usually translated as "to get" + (oneself) + verb.
Tu vas te faire tuer. You're going to get yourself killed.Il va se faire casserla gueule. He's going to break his neck.Se faire soignersans se faire arrter. Get treated/looked after without getting arrested.vitez de vous faire piquer. Avoid getting stung.
94. DRECT & INDRECT DSCOURSE
Direct discourse relates exactly what someone has said or written, using quotation marks and the original wording. Indirectdiscourse relates indirectly, without quotation marks, what someone has said or written. It works the same way in French as itdoes in English.
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Direct Discourse Indirect Discourse
Main verb is presentIl me dit:
Il me dit qu'il part en vacances etque sa famille a lou une villa.
Main verb in pastIl m'a dit:
Il m'a dit qu'il partait en vacances etque sa famille avait lou une villa.
Note that if the main verb is in the present tense, no tense changes occur when using indirect discourse. However, if themain verb is in apast tense, the following tense changes occur:
Present ImperfectPass ComposPluperfect
The Imperfect and Pluperfect do not change. Remember to use que to introduce each dependent clause, and adjustpersonal pronouns and possessive adjectives.
In questions, the following ( rather uncomplicated) changes occur:
1. Yes/no questions = si + declarative sentenceJe t'ai demand si tu avais faim.
2. O, quand, comment, etc. = interrogative word + declarative sentenceIl m'a demand quelle heure j'allais revenir.
3. Interrogative pronouns are a little trickier:
qui est-ce quiqui est-ce que
qui Il m'a demand qui tait rest.Elle m'a demand qui j 'avais vu.
qu'est-ce quice
qui Ils m'ont demand ce qui s'tait pass.qu'est-ce que ce que Elles m'ont demand ce que j'avais dit.
95. COMPUTERS & INTERNET
computer l'ordinateur scanner le scanner
disk la disquette laptop le portable
document le document internet l'internet
CD-ROM le cdrom internet user l'internaute
monitor l'cran online en-ligne
keyboard le clavier link le lien
mouse la souris bookmark le signet
printer l'imprimante e-mail le courriel / le mailmemo la note de service password le mot de passe
fax machine le tlcopieur search engine le moteur de recherche
photocopier la photocopieuse chat room la salle de tchatche
typewriter la machine crire bulletin board le forum
software le logiciel homepage la page d'accueil
file le dossier website le site
cabinet le placard web browswer le navigateur
memory card la carte mmoire cable le cble
flashdrive la cl USB DSL l'ADSL
external HD le disque dur externe to sign on / off se connecter / dconnecter
attachment la pice jointe to scroll up / down drouler le texte
to attach joindre to download tlcharger
French uses portable to refer to a laptop computer and a cell phone.
96. NE EXPLETF
Sometimes ne must be inserted in a phrase even when it is not expressing the negative. (However, do not confuse the use ofne expltifwith the verbs that can exist in the negative with only using ne and notpas in formal, written language: cesser,daigner, oser, pouvoir, savoir).
It is used 1) after certain conunctions: avant que, moins que; 2) after expressions and verbs of fear: de crainte que, depeur que, craindre que, avoir peur que, redouter que, trembler que, empcher que, viter que; 3) before a verb that
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follows a comparison of inequality: plus, moins, autre; and 4) after adverbs of doubt and negation used in the negative toexpress a positive idea.
Je sors ce soir moins qu'il ne pleuve. I'll go out this evening unless it rains.Il craint que tu ne sois fatigu aprs le voyage. He's afraid that you'll be tired after the tr ip.Nous sommes plus forts qu'elle ne pense. We are stronger than she thinks.Je ne doute pas que vous ne fassiez des progrs. I don't doubt that you are making progress.
97. CONDTONAL TENSES: PRESENT & PASTThe present conditional tense corresponds to "would." It is used after the imperfect in a conditional sentence. Mostconditionals sentences begin with si (if). However, do not confuse the conditional wouldwith the wouldthat expresses arepeated action in the past. Ifwouldmeans used to, then the imperfect tense is used. Another use of the conditional is innews reports to indicate that the information is not confirmed.
Si j'tais (imperfect)dans une autre famille, est-ce que je serais (conditional) plus heureuse ? If I were in another family,would I be happier?Quand nous tions (imperfect) en vacances, nous dormions (imperfect) jusqu' midi. When we were on vacation, wewould (used to) sleep until noon.Un otage tranger serait mort en route pour l'hpital. A foreign hostage (probably) died on the way to the hospital.
To form the conditional, use the infinitive and add the imperfect endings (but remember to drop the -e on -re verbs). You usethe same irregular stems and exceptions for the conditional that are used for the future tense.
-ais -ions
-ais -iez
-ait -aient
The past conditional is formed by using the conditional of avoir or tre and a past participle. It corresponds to "would have"and is used in hypothetical sentences.
Il n'aurait jamais dit a ! He would have neversaidthat!
If... sentences: When si (if) is used in sentences of condition, the verb tenses change. These pretty much correspond toEnglish usage.
1. Si + present tense + present, imperative, or futureSi je suis fatigue, je me repose. If I'm tired, I rest.Repose-toi si tu es fatigu. Rest if you're tired.Si je suis fatigu demain, je me reposerai. If I am tired tomorrow, I will rest.
2. Si + imperfect + present conditionalSi j'tais riche, j e pourrais acheter un chteau. If I were rich, I would buy a castle.Il deviendrait roi s'il avait plus de courage. He would become king if he had more courage.
3. Si + pluperfect + past conditionalSi j'avais su, j 'aurais compris. If I had known, I would have understood.
It is possible to have past conditional with the imperfect, and it is also possible to have present conditional with pluperfect.However, you can never have the future or conditional tenses directly following si. They must be in the other clause.
Translating Would, Could, Should
In general, you use the conditional tense of a verb to express would + infinitive, such as je dirais - I would say. Again, makesure to use the imperfect of the verb if you're referring to repeated actions in the past (i.e. used to). You can also use theconditional of pouvoir to mean could, as long as the meaning is something that is yet to happen. Il pourrait m'aider. Hecould help me. Otherwise, you use the imperfect or pass compos to mean could if you're referring to the past of can (i.e.was/were not able to). Elle ne pouvait pas s'arrter de rire. She couldn't stop laughing. Should is usually translated byusing the conditional of devoir. Tu ne devrais pas dire a. You shouldn't say that. Forwould have, could have and shouldhave, you use the past conditional of the verb, past conditional of pouvoir + infinitive, and past conditional of devoir +infinitive, respectively. Just remember that would and would have are not followed by infinitives in French.
would conditional of verb il dirait he would say
could conditional of pouvoir + infinitive il pourrait dire he could sayshould conditional of devoir + infinitive il devrait dire he should say
would have past conditional of verb il aurait dit he would have said
could have past conditional of pouvoir + infinitive il aurait pu dire he could have said
should have past conditional of devoir + infinitive il aurait d dire he should have said
"You shouldn't have" or "that wasn't necessary" when someone gives you a gift is il ne fallait pas.
Listen to the le conditionnel : si tu gagnais au loto mp3 and try the cloze (fill-in-the-blank) exercise fromFrench Listening Resources.
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98. PARTS OF A CAR & AT THE GAS STATON
horn le klaxon directional signal le clignotant
hood le capot license plate la plaque d'immatriculation
brake le frein brake light (on car) le stop
steering wheel le volant car la voiture
windshield wipers les essuie-glaces window la vitre
dashboard le tableau de bord door la portire
accelerator l'acclrateur gas tank le rservoir
headlights les phares wheel la roue
windshield le pare-brise tire le pneu
motor le moteur bumper le pare-chocs
trunk le coffre fender l'aile
body (of car) la carrosserie door handle la poigne de portire
driver's license le permis de conduire air conditioning la climatisation
gasoline l'essence heater le chauffage
traffic lights les feux battery la batterieoil l'huile gas cap le bouchon de rservoir d'essence
hubcap l'enjoliveur gas pump la pompe essence
air hose la pompe air
The most common types of cars in France are Peugeot, Clio, Renault, and Fiat, and the majority are manual drive.Automatic cars in Europe are generally reserved for handicapped people. The driving age in France is 18, and young driverswho have just gotten their licenses have a red A sticker on their car.
99. TO DRVE
Conduire-to drive
conduis conduisons
conduis conduisez
conduit conduisent
The past participle of conduire is conduit. Other verbs conjugated like conduire are: traduire - to translate, produire - toproduce, and construire - to construct.
100. TRAVELLNG & AT THE ARPORT
suitcase la valise
clothes les vtements
passport le passeport
diary le journal
traveler's checks les chques de voyage
dictionary le dictionnaire
flight le vol
baggage les bagages
Euro l'euro
bill le billet
coin la pice
change la monnaie
cent le centime
arrival l'arrive
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departure le dpart
Where is/are... O est / O sont...
currency exchange le bureau de change
passport check le contrle des passeports
customs la douane
entrance l'entre
lost and found les objets trouvsinformation les renseignements
exit la sortie
taxi stand les taxis
restroom les toilettes
When asking Where is/are..., O est is the singular form and O sont is the plural form, even if it's singular in English.Where is the entrance? would be O est l'entre ? and Where is the lost and found? would be Osont les objets trouvs?
Directional Words
right there juste l zhoost lah across from en face de awn fawzduh
here ici ee-see between entre awn-truh
over there l-bas lah bah next to ct de ah koh-tay duh
to the right of droite de ah dwaht duh near prs de preh duh
to the left of gauche de ah gohsh duh far (from) loin de lwahn duh
straight ahead tout droit too dwah at the end of au fond de oh fohn duh
in front of devant duh-vawn at the top of en haut de awn oh duh
behind derrire dare-ee-air