Conditionals
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Transcript of Conditionals
CONDITIONALS
IF...
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TYPE 1Probable
IF + PRESENT SIMPLE ... WILL/WON’T + VERBIf he wakes up early, we will go for a walk
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First conditionals and future time clauses
In the main clause the verb form is usually will + INF, but we can also use may, might, can, could, shall, should, ought to, have to, or an imperative, depending on the meaning. If you have a birthday party, you might get loads of cool presents. If you decide to have a birthday party, tell me.
Future time clauses (begining with when, as soon as, etc.) are followed by a present tense although they actually refer to the future.Until he arrives, I will read a book.They will make a cake before they go.
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TYPE 2Imaginary situations in the present/future
IF + PAST SIMPLE ... WOULD/WOULDN’T + VERBIf he woke up early, we would go for a walk
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Special rules for second conditionals
If he/she/it was… or If he/she/it were… We can use could or might in the main
clause instead of would, to mean would perhaps.If I really needed the money, I might keep it.
ADVICE: If I were / was you, I would think very carefully
about my future.
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TYPE 3Imaginary situations in the past
IF + PAST PERFECT ... WOULD + HAVE + VERBIf he had woken up early, we would have gone for a walk.
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Special rules for third conditionals
We can use could, might or should in the main clause to mean would perhaps.
If I had done some revision, I might / could / should have passed the exam.
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Alternatives for IF
Unless = if not
Unless we finish soon, we will miss the train.
If we don’t finish soon, we will miss the train.
Provided / Providing, As long as = only if (this happens)
He can come with us, provided he pays for his own meals.
As long as you can come by six, I'll be here.
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Assuming = accepting that something is true
Assuming your calculations are correct, we should travel northeast.
Imagine, Suppose / supposing (Alternatives for IF in questions)
Look, suppose you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do?
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EXERCISE
Finish the following sentences
1. People would be surprised if...
2. If I didn’t have a TV...
3. If I hadn’t lost my passport...
4. I wouldn’t have met my wife if…
5. If we had been born in Australia...