Conditionally speaking

Further Ahead 2011

CONDITIONALLY SPEAKINGAll you need to know about

Conditionals…

By: Virginia VelásquezFor students of Advanced levels.

What IF….?

CONDITION

If x = 3

CONDITIONALLY SPEAKING

If a particular condition is true, then a particular result happens.

Situation

Circumstance

2x =then 6

If it rains we will get wet

it rainsWe will get wet

if

,

CONDITIONIF

RESULT

RESULT

IF CONDITION


Types of ConditionalsTypes of ConditionalsCONDITIONALLY SPEAKING

ZERO CONDITIONAL

FIRST CONDITIONAL

SECOND CONDITIONAL

THIRD CONDITIONAL

MIXED CONDITIONAL

Zero ConditionalZero ConditionalCertaintyCertainty

• ““If you heat water to 100 If you heat water to 100 degrees celsius, it boils”degrees celsius, it boils”

“If I don´t drink coffee, I get a headache”If + Present Simple , + Present Simple


•Things that are always true•Universal facts

•Personal facts

What happens IF….

You freeze water,

It boils

It turns into ice

Your sister eats shrimps She goes

crazy

A woman says “NO”

And if she says “YES”….

She really means “YES”

She actually means “NO”

She gets an allergy


Time to practice!


First ConditionalFirst ConditionalA real possibility in the futureA real possibility in the future

•Future actions dependent on the result of another

future action or event

““If it rains today, I'll stay at home.”If it rains today, I'll stay at home.”

If I stay at home, I´ll be boredIf + Present Simple, + Will/Other Modals + Base form


If she gets good grades,

DEFINITELY

NOT SUREPOSSIBLE BUT NOT LIKELY

OPINIONPOSSIBLE

She will go to college

She should go to collegeShe can go to college

She might/could go to college

She may go to college


Time to practice!


Second ConditionalSecond ConditionalImaginary Present or Unlikely FutureImaginary Present or Unlikely Future

•Imaginary situations in the Present

“If I had the time, I would learn Italian”

If you were older, I´d ask you to marry meIf + Past Simple,+ Would/Other Modals +

Base form


•Imaginary situations in the Future

If you won the lottery,

If you could fly,

If you had X-ray Vision,

I´d become your best friend!

You would travel to Japan

Your name could be Superman!

I´d ask you to take me everywhere

People would hide from youYou might go crazy!


Time to practice!


Third ConditionalThird ConditionalImaginary PastImaginary Past

•Imagining something different from what actually happened

“If I had known that you were in trouble, I would´ve helped you”

I didn´t know, so I didn´t help

If + Past perfect,+ Would/Other Modals + Have + Past Participle


If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing

If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer

What happened????

What happened????

You didn't save your money, so now you can't

afford a computer.

It didn't snow, so we couldn't go

skiing.


Time to practice!


Mixed ConditionalMixed Conditional

If you had taken dancing classes,

If you took dancing classes,

You would´ve been a famous dancer

You would be a famous dancer

3rd

HypothethicalPast

2nd

Hypothetical FutureYou didn´t take the classes, so these are the

consequences, you´re not famous now



Mixed ConditionalMixed ConditionalIf I were smarter,

I would´ve been able to answer

If I had been smarter,

I would be able to answer

3rd

HypothethicalPast

2nd

Hypothetical Present

I wasn´t smart when I took the test and I am not smart now either, so I couldn´t answer it.

If I had taken an aspirin, I wouldn't have a headache now

If her husband had enough money, she would´ve gone on a trip to Hawaii

2nd3rd

2nd 3rd

He didn´t have money then and doesn´t have money now either, so she couldn´t go to any trip

I didn´t take any aspirin, so I have a headache now


Time to practice!


E-mail me: [email protected]

Follow me on Twitter: @virginiabsb

Conditionally speaking

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