Conceptual Design Report Haverstraw Water Supply Project

BUILDING A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE®

Conceptual Design Report Haverstraw Water Supply Project

Prepared for

United Water New York

Contact Information: Contact Name: Janine Witko Company Name: Black & Veatch Address: 120 White Plains Road, Ste 110 City, State, Zip: Tarrytown, NY 10591 Phone: (914) 524-8316 Fax: (914) 524-8368 Email: [email protected] Black & Veatch Project No. 146323 Submittal Date September 2008

TABLE OF CONTENTS United Water New York Conceptual Design Report Haverstraw Water Supply Project

Black & Veatch Project No. 146323 Page • i

Table of Contents Section 2. Water Quality ................................................................................. 2

2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................2 2.2 Bowline Point Generating Station Data .................................................................2 2.3 2007-2008 Sampling Program Data .......................................................................7

2.3.1 General Water Quality ............................................................................11 2.3.2 Metal Analysis ........................................................................................13 2.3.3 Microbiological Analysis.........................................................................15 2.3.4 EDC and Pharmaceutical Analysis ..........................................................16

2.4 Regulatory Water Quality Objectives...................................................................17 2.5 Raw Water Early Warning System ......................................................................19 2.6 Finished Water Quality Goals ..............................................................................20

List of Figures Figure 2-1 Monthly Average Turbidity, Conductivity and Temperature at Bowline

Power Plant Intake (1983-1996) .......................................................................5 Figure 2-2 Contour Plot of the Bowline Point Temperature and Specific Conductance

Data..................................................................................................................6 Figure 2-3 Sampling Locations Map .....................................................................................8 Figure 2-4 Comparison of Average Monthly Temperature and Salinity Data.....................12 Figure 2-5 Comparison of Average Monthly Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen Data ....13 Figure 2-6 Comparison of Average Monthly Iron and Salinity Data ...................................15

List of Tables Table 2-1 Summary of Water Quality Data from Bowline Point Generating Station ...........3 Table 2-2 Site Sampling Locations .......................................................................................7 Table 2-3 Water Quality Parameters Tested by HDR on Weekly, Monthly &

Quarterly Basis...............................................................................................10 Table 2-4 2007 Hudson River General Water Quality Data ................................................11 Table 2-5 2007 Hudson River Metal Analysis.....................................................................14 Table 2-6 2007 Hudson River Microbiological Analysis .....................................................16 Table 2-7 Current Water Treatment Regulatory Requirements..........................................17 Table 2-8 Anticipated Water Treatment Regulatory Requirements ...................................18 Table 2-9 Finished Water Quality Goals .............................................................................20

SECTION 2. WATER QUALITY United Water New York Conceptual Design Report Haverstraw Water Supply Project

Black & Veatch Project No. 146323 Page • 2

Section 2. Water Quality 2.1 Introduction The proposed new treatment facility will withdraw and treat water from the Lower Hudson River, in the vicinity of Haverstraw. The historical water quality data available from various sources for Lower Hudson River has been summarized in a separate memorandum titled “Technical Memorandum I (Version 2) Summary of Available Water Quality Data, in Lower Hudson River, February 20, 2007” and is included in Appendix A. Subsequent to this compilation of data, two other sources of data are available – data from Bowline Pond Generating Station collected during 1982 to 1996 and data from an ongoing sampling program. The data from these two sources will be presented in the following sections

2.2 Bowline Point Generating Station Data Water quality data from a study conducted at Bowline Point Generating Station were made available by HDR (Reference: Bowline Point Generating Station Impingement Studies – 1983 to 1996. Prepared by Normandeau Associates, Inc. for Orange and Rockland Utilities, Inc.). The study contained data on pH, temperature, turbidity, conductivity and dissolved oxygen for the years 1983 through 1996. The report includes annual monthly data at a location in the vicinity of the intake sites that are being evaluated. Other data sources were considered, but the sources did not provide a continuous data set and were at various locations within the area of Haverstraw and Stony Point. Therefore, the average temperature and conductivity listed in the impingement studies for Bowline Power Generating Station have been used to estimate the operating costs, particularly for the desalination process.

It should be noted that the Bowline Pond appears to retain higher salinity water for longer periods because of its location in relation to the normal flow of the river. The influent low salinity flow from upstream does not flush out the higher salinity water that enters the pond from downstream. The data from Bowline Pond are summarized below in Table 2-1. As data from the current sampling program are collected and analyzed, the process train specifically raw water storage and RO, will be further refined.



Table 2-1 Summary of Water Quality Data from Bowline Point Generating Station

Parameter Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Min 0.5 1 1.9 7 14.6 20.5 24.6 24.1 15.4 14.1 9.5 1.9

Ave 2.1 2.0 3.8 8.4 14.7 20.6 24.2 24.6 21.2 16.4 10.4 4.7 Temperature (ºC)

Max 3.3 3.4 6 10.6 18.1 25.3 27.5 28 25 19.5 12.9 7.9

Min 10.4 12.3 12.4 8.5 8.8 7 5.7 6.1 6.6 7.4 9.1 10.7

Ave 11.7 12.0 11.8 10.1 8.8 7.5 6.7 6.6 6.8 7.5 9.2 10.9 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)

Max 14.1 14.7 13.3 12.2 10.2 9.7 9.7 8.5 9.1 9.6 11.1 13.3

Min 852 628 1,052 217 170 562 3,031 2,863 931 1,798 259 666

Ave 3,439 3,358 2,371 1,344 2,087 3,607 6,900 7,003 7,743 6,423 4,212 2,189Conductivity (µS/cm)

Max 8,396 9,926 6,428 4,543 6,094 8,802 11,821 11,460 13,858 10,705 8,247 5,737

Min 7.1 7.0 6.9 7.0 6.9 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.0

Ave 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.2 pH (Std. Units)

Max 8 8.05 7.92 8 7.72 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.9 7.8 7.72 7.8

Min 7.7 8.5 7.3 8.4 4.3 5.8 5.2 5 3.8 4 5.5 4.9

Ave 11.5 12.4 11.8 13.1 9.3 8.8 7.7 6.3 5.4 5.7 8.1 11.4 Turbidity (NTU)

Max 16 36.8 26 22.1 15 13 12 8 11.9 9.7 12.8 22.5

Note: Data represents the minimum, average, and maximum for each month for the years of 1983 through 1996.



The performance of the proposed desalination plant is dependent on several raw water quality parameters such as turbidity, organic carbon, salinity, and temperature. In particular, the membrane process design and operation are directly impacted by the variation in temperature and salinity. It should be noted that a 1 ºC change in temperature would result in 3% to 5% variation in specific flux (defined as amount of water that can be pushed through a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane per unit applied pressure), thereby requiring higher pressure at lower temperatures to maintain the same quantity of water produced.

In addition, RO is directly affected by the salinity of the feed water, with higher pressures needed at higher concentrations of total dissolved solids to overcome the osmotic pressure. A preliminary review of the data from the impingement studies of Bowline Point Generation Station indicates wide variations in temperature and conductivity, which can be used as an indicator of salinity.

To illustrate the variation in temperature and conductivity, monthly average values from the study are shown in Figure 2-1. The standard deviations indicate the variation of the average values for each month during the years 1983 to 1996. The water quality is affected by the natural river flow and the stage of the tide. The conductivity data are characterized by a tidal cycle superimposed on a hydrological pattern – tending to be higher in summer than winter. While the pattern is in general similar over the years, drought conditions could affect the water quality significantly, as indicated by the relatively large standard deviations for conductivity and turbidity.



0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Month

Tem

pera

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(deg

C) &

Tur

bidi

ty

(NT

U)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Con

duct

ivity

(uS/

cm a

t 25

deg

C)

Ave Temp (ºC) Ave Turb (NTU) Ave Cond (µS/cm)

Figure 2-1 Monthly Average Turbidity, Conductivity and Temperature at Bowline Power Plant Intake (1983-1996)

Because both temperature and conductivity affect the performance of several processes (in particular the membrane processes), a statistical analysis was performed based on the data collected in the vicinity of the proposed intake location to determine if an increased water temperature correlated with a low specific conductance.

The joint probability of occurrence of a given combination of temperature and conductivity (monthly average values) for the period 1983 through 1996 is shown in Figure 2-2. In general, the typical range of values for temperature and conductivity are 0 to 15 deg C and 500 to 5,000 µS/cm. As shown in the figure, the probability of having the highest conductivity and lowest temperature (the conditions that require highest operating pressure) is very low, as illustrated by the green areas. It appears that the temperature during the periods of highest salinity ranges from 20 to 25 ºC.



Joint Probability Distribution of Conductivity and Temperature (Contour Plot)(Based on Monthly Means at Bowline Power Plant Intake 1983-1996)

0.03 0.025 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005 0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Temperature (deg C)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Con

duct

ivity

(µS

/cm

at 2

5 de

g C

)

Figure 2-2 Contour Plot of the Bowline Point Temperature and Specific Conductance Data



2.3 2007-2008 Sampling Program Data The ongoing sampling program is being conducted by Henningson, Durham & Richardson Architecture and Engineering, P.C (HDR). The results of the 2007-2008 sampling program are discussed in the following sections.

A sampling program was initiated April 2007 to evaluate water quality at five potential intake locations. These locations are listed in Table 2-2 and are also shown in Figure 2-3.

Table 2-2 Site Sampling Locations

Site Number Approx River Mi. Comment Date Site Added or Removed

1 42 Immediately north of Lovett PGS in

Tompkins Cove, NY

Added April 2007; Removed July

2007

2 39 Of Grassy Point, in Stony Point, NY

Added April 2007 Removed August

2007

3 37 Bowline Pond, Haverstraw, NY


2007

4 36 Off Tilcon Quarry, Haverstraw, NY


2007

4(s) 36

Off Tilcon Quarry, Haverstraw, NY;

west of Site 4 in < 10’ of water

(metered chemistry parameters only)

Added in August 2007

5 37 500 ft. east of Site 3 in the river channel Added June 2007



Figure 2-3 Sampling Locations Map



Because of the numerous factors affecting the water quality in the Hudson River, a thorough water quality sampling plan was recommended to characterize the source water. The water quality information gathered from various sites around the potential intake location will reveal the river quality and the level of treatment needed.

Based on the sampling program carried out by HDR since April 2007, water samples have been collected on a weekly, monthly and quarterly basis for analyses of water quality parameters in the Hudson River (Table 2-3). The water quality data are summarized in the following sections. In addition, water quality data observations for data collected through August 2008 has been summarized in a separate memorandum titled, “Technical Memorandum 2 (Version 3) Summary of Water Quality Analysis” dated September 19, 2008 and is included in Appendix B.



Table 2-3 Water Quality Parameters Tested by HDR on Weekly, Monthly & Quarterly Basis

Frequency of Collection

Parameters

Weekly Alkalinity, Boron, Bromide, Chloride, Coliform Fecal, Coliform Total, Dissolved Organic Carbon, Escherichia Coli, Heterotrophic Plate Count, Sulfate, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Organic Carbon, Total Suspended Solids, Turbidity

Monthly

Aluminum, Ammonia, Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium, Calcium, Cadmium, Chromium (VI), Copper, Total Cyanide, Iron, Fluoride, Mercury, Manganese, Sodium, Nitrate as N, Total Nitrogen, Ortho-Phosphate, Lead, Total Phosphorus, Antimony, Selenium, Settlable Solids, SiO2 Silica, SiO2 Silica Dissolved, Sulfide, Thallium, Total Volatile Suspended Solids, Zinc

Quarterly

1,1,1-Trichloroethane, 1,1-Dichloroethene,1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene, 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane, 1,2-Dichlorobenzene, 1,2-Dichloroethane, 1,2-Dichloropropane, 1,4-Dichlorobenzene, 17alpha-Estradiol, 17alpha-Ethynyl estradiol, 17beta-Estradiol, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-TP (Silvex), 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, 2,4-D, 4-n-Octylphenol, 4-tert-Octylphenol, Acetaminophen, Alachlor, alpha-Chlordane, Amoxicillin, Anthracene, Antipyrine, Aspirin, Atrazine, Azithromycin, Bacitracin, Benzene, Benzo[a]pyrene, Bezafibrate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, bis(2-Ethylhexyl)adipate, Bisphenol A, Caffeine, Carbadox, Carbamazepine, Carbofuran, Carbon tetrachloride, Chloramphenicol, Chlorobenzene, Chlorotetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, cis-1,2-Dichloroethene, cis-Testosterone, Clofibric acid, Cotinine, DEET, Diclofenac, Diethylstilbestrol (DES), Dilantin, Diltiazem, Diquat, Doxycycline, Endothall, Endrin, Enrofloxacin, Erythromycin, Estriol, Estrone, Ethylbenzene, Fluoxetine (Prozac), Galaxolide, gamma-BHC (Lindane), gamma-Chlordane, Gemfibrozil, Glyphosate, Heptachlor, Hexachlorobenzene, Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, Ibuprofen, Lasalocid, Levothyroxine (Synthroid), Lincomycin, Methoxychlor, Methylene Chloride, Monensin, Naphthalene, Naproxen, Narasin, Nicotine, Nonylphenol, isomer mix, Norfloxacin, Oleandomycin, Oxamyl, Oxytetracycline, Paraxanthine, PCB-1016, PCB-1221, PCB-1232, PCB-1242, PCB-1248, PCB-1254, PCB-1260, Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Pentachlorophenol, Phenol, Phenylphenol, Prednisone, Progesterone, Pyrene, Roxithromycin, Salinomycin, Simazine, Simvastatin, Strontium-89, Strontium-90, Styrene, Sulfachloropyridazine, Sulfadiazine, Sulfadimethoxine, Sulfamerazine, Sulfamethazine, Sulfamethizole, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfathiazole, Tetrachloroethene, Theobromine, Theophylline, Toluene, Tonalid, Toxaphene, trans-1,2-Dichloroethene, trans-Testosterone, Trichloroethene, Trimethoprim, Tritium, Tylosin, Vinyl chloride, Virginiamycin M1, Total Xylene



2.3.1 General Water Quality Table 2-4 summarizes the general water quality data collected at the sites from April 2007 to May 2008.

Table 2-4 2007 Hudson River General Water Quality Data

Parameter Units Average Maximum Minimum Federal

Drinking Water

Standards

NYS Drinking

Water Standards

Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3

57.6 100 5 - -

Dissolved Organic Carbon mg/L

2.5 4.4 1.2 -

-

Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 8.8 14.7 3.1 - -

Nitrate as N mg/L 0.8 3.5 0.26 10 10

Nitrite as N mg/L 0.03 0.16 0.011 1 1

Nitrogen, Total mg/L 2.4 3.5 1.2 10 10

Oil and Grease, total mg/L 3.6 7 1.1 - -

pH --- 7.5 8.4 6.7 6.5-8.5 -

Phosphorus, Total mg/L 0.2 0.24 0.1 - -

Salinity ppt 3.2 14.5 0.1 - -

Settleable Solids mL/L 0.1 0.1 0.1 - -

Specific Conductance at 25 degrees C

uS/cm 5,728 24,000 169 - -

Sulfate ug/L 232.9 770 5 250 250

Temperature degrees C 18.2 30.0 2.5 - -

Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 3,193 11,000 94 500 -

Total Organic Carbon mg/L 2.5 4.7 1.2 - -

Total Suspended Solids mg/L 26.9 100 4.4 - -

Total Volatile Suspended Solids

mg/L 4.6 35 1

- -

Turbidity1 NTU 18.4 69 0.75 1 - 1 As of January 1, 2002, turbidity may never exceed 1 NTU, and must not exceed 0.3 NTU in 95% of daily samples in any month (Source USEPA). mg/L: milligrams per liter ppt: parts per thousand mL/L: milliliters per liter uS/cm: microsiemens per centimeter ug/L: micrograms/liter NTU: Nephelometric Turbidity Unit



As discussed previously, the probability of low temperature and high specific conductance was determined. Based on historical data it was demonstrated that at low water temperatures the specific conductance would be low as well.

Figure 2-4 shows the monthly average of the salinity and temperature data collected in 2007. As shown in the figure, as the temperature of the water increased, so did the salinity.

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Apr May Jun Jul Aug Oct Nov DecSample Month

Tem

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(deg

rees

C)

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1

2

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5

6

7

Salin

ity (p

pt)

Average of Temp (oC) Average of Salinity (ppt)

Figure 2-4 Comparison of Average Monthly Temperature and Salinity Data

Dissolved oxygen was also measured during the sampling period. As discussed in the water quality summary in Appendix B, there was not a significant variation of dissolved oxygen based on sample depth, from 1 to 8 meters. However, the dissolved oxygen concentration is affected by temperature as shown in Figure 2-5; colder water holds more oxygen than warmer water. Temperatures in the range of 20 to 25 degrees Celsius result in the lowest concentration of dissolved oxygen measured during the sampling period. Gas solubility also increases with decreasing salinity (freshwater holds more oxygen than salt water). As shown in Figure 2-4, the months of June through October 2007 demonstrated higher salinity water.



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30

Apr May Jun Jul Aug Oct Nov Dec

Sample Month

Tem

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(deg

rees

C)

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10

12

14

Dis

solv

ed O

xyge

n (m

g/L)

Average of Temp (oC) Average of DO (mg/L)

Figure 2-5 Comparison of Average Monthly Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen Data

2.3.2 Metal Analysis The metals data for the sample period are shown in Table 2-5. These samples were collected on a monthly basis. Appendix D provides a summary of the Federal and State standards for the inorganic chemicals. EPA’s Secondary Standards for aluminum, iron, and manganese were exceeded during the sampling period.

Aluminum was detected at all sample sites with concentrations ranging from 0.25 mg/L to over 3.1 mg/L. The concentration of aluminum increased from October 2007 to December 2007, with the highest concentration detected in December 2007 at Site 5. EPA’s secondary standard for aluminum is 0.05 to 0.2 mg/L. The coagulation process will be evaluated during pilot testing for removal of aluminum. RO is effective in removing aluminum. However, the aluminum concentration in the RO feed water should be limited to prevent fouling of the RO membrane, either by aluminum colloids or by precipitation that is catalyzed by aluminum (such as aluminum silicates).

The EPA secondary standard for manganese is 0.05 mg/L. During the sampling month of April 2007 the highest concentration of manganese was detected, which ranged from 0.031 mg/L to 0.13 mg/L for Sites 1, 2 and 4. In April 2007, Site 3 had a manganese concentration of 0.04 mg/L. For following months, the average concentration of



manganese measured at the sites was greater than 0.05 mg/L. Pilot plant testing will be conducted to determine the best oxidant for manganese removal to prevent fouling of the RO membranes and to prevent microbial regrowth in the distribution.

Table 2-5 2007 Hudson River Metal Analysis


Drinking Water

Standards

NYS Drinking

Water Standards

Aluminum mg/L 0.98 3.1 0.25 (0.05-0.2) -

Ammonia mg/L 1.7 1.9 1.6 - -

Boron mg/L 0.41 1.3 0.05 - -

Bromide mg/L 6.7 27 0.08 - -

Calcium mg/L 58.8 140 18 - -

Chloride mg/L 1,873 40,000 5 250 250

Fluoride mg/L 0.3 0.29 0.22 2.0 2.2

Iron mg/L 1.156 3.6 0.12 0.3 0.3

Lead mg/L 5.6x10-3 6x10-3 5.1x10-3 - -

Magnesium mg/L 126.5 290 6.2 - -

Manganese mg/L 0.068 0.130 0.031 0.05 0.3

Potassium mg/L 76.3 210 6.9 - -

Silica mg/L 6.8 15 1.6 - -

Silica Dissolved mg/L 3.2 5.4 1.3 - -

Sodium mg/L 984 3,300 12 - -

Zinc mg/L 0.035 0.062 0.022 5 5

The total iron concentration increased from 0.05 mg/L in June to over 2.0 mg/L in December 2007. The EPA secondary standard for iron is 0.3 mg/L. Pretreatment of water with chlorination or aeration may be necessary to oxidize the iron. Pilot plant testing will be conducted to determine the appropriate pretreatment for iron removal since iron can cause membrane fouling.

A possible explanation of the increased iron concentration in the water during the winter and spring could be attributed to the salinity concentration, as shown in Figure 2-6.



According to research, iron oxidation by bacteria will not occur in environments with high salinity. Therefore, it is possible that the increased iron concentration during periods of low salinity is because of iron oxidizing bacteria. Another possible cause could be the higher flows during spring and fall.

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

Apr May Jun Jul Aug Oct Nov Dec

Sample Month

Iron

(ug/

L)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Salin

ity (p

pt)

Iron (ug/L) Salinity (ppt)

Figure 2-6 Comparison of Average Monthly Iron and Salinity Data

2.3.3 Microbiological Analysis Table 2-6 provides a summary of the microbiological data collected during the sampling period. During one sampling period in December 2007 a very high concentration of E. coli, 2,000 cfu/100mL, was measured. The sample was collected during low water tidal conditions. The sample was also analyzed for fecal and total coliforms, which resulted in detected concentrations of 130 cfu/100mL and 2,400 cfu/100mL, respectively. The December 2007 E .coli sample could be an outlier as a result of sampling technique or analysis. The disinfection process will be designed to inactivate coliform bacteria.

Samples were also analyzed for Cryptosporidium and Giardia at the following sites: Sites 1-4 in May 2007; Sites 3 and 5 in June 2007 and July 2007; and Site 5 from August 2007 through December 2007. Cryptosporidium was not detected during the sampling period.



However, Giardia was detected in October 2007 at Site 5 during low water tidal conditions. The concentration detected was 1 oocyst/L.

Table 2-6 2007 Hudson River Microbiological Analysis

2.3.4 EDC and Pharmaceutical Analysis A summary of organic chemicals, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals detected in the water based on samples collected in April, July and October of 2007 is available in Appendix C.


Standard NYS

Standard

Fecal coliform cfu/100 mL 78.2 900 5 (TT)1 Zero

Total coliform cfu/100 mL 711 2,419 10 (TT)1 Zero

Escherichia coli cfu/100 mL 62.9 2,000 1.2 (TT)1 Zero

Heterotrophic Plate Count

cfu/1 mL 163.0 738 1.1 - -

1TT: Treatment Technique cfu: Colony-forming unit



2.4 Regulatory Water Quality Objectives The current drinking water standards are provided in Appendix D. The major Federal and State drinking water rules currently in effect that will have an impact on the proposed desalination plant are listed in Table 2-7. In addition, anticipated water treatment regulatory requirements are listed in Table 2-8.

Table 2-7 Current Water Treatment Regulatory Requirements

Rule Impact

Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR)

• Disinfectant residual must be at least 0.2 mg/L. • Giardia removal/inactivation must be at least 3.0

logs. • Virus removal/inactivation must be at least 4.0 logs. • Conventional plants will receive 2.5-log Giardia

removal and 2.0-log virus removal.

Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) • Lead < 0.015 mg/L • Copper < 1.3 mg/L

Total Coliform Rule (TCR) • Monitoring for coliforms • MCL ≤ 5% positive for coliforms

Stage 1 Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 1 DBP)

• MCL for TTHM = 80 µg/L • MCL for HAA5 = 60 µg/L • MCL for chlorite = 1.0 mg/L • MCL for bromate = 10 µg/L • Enhanced coagulation if TOC exceeds 2 mg/L • MRDL for free chlorine and chloramines = 4.0

mg/L • MRDL for chlorine dioxide = 0.8 mg/L

Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR) • Combined filtered water turbidity ≤ 0.30 NTU

Arsenic Rule • MCL = 0.01 mg/L

Filter Backwash Recycling Rule (FBRR) • All regulated return flows must be returned to a

point in the process that allows all unit processes to be employed in treatment.

Stage 2 Microbial and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 2 M/DBR)

• Initial Distribution System Evaluation • MCL compliance for DBPs will be based on a

Locational Running Annual Average

Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR)

• Monitoring for Cryptosporidium, E. coli, and turbidity for 24 months on source water.

• Additional treatment for Cryptosporidium may be necessary depending on Bin placement.



Table 2-8 Anticipated Water Treatment Regulatory Requirements

Rule Impact

Total Coliform Rule Revision

• EPA will add requirements to protect the distribution system. • May consider issues such as nitrification, impact of biofilms, and

cross connection control.

Lead & Copper Rule Revisions

• Clarification of lead monitoring issues such as sample collection. • Requirement that locations with lead service lines that tested below

the action level for lead be re-evaluated.

Atrazine • Currently regulated at 0.003 mg/L, but this MCL is scheduled to be revisited.



2.5 Raw Water Early Warning System The Haverstraw Water Supply Project would include an early warning system to detect any significant change in river water quality before it is processed at the water treatment plant. Early warning system monitoring systems for source waters can provide rapid detection of accidental spills originating from nonpoint sources or point sources such as wastewater treatment plants, transportations incidents, and deliberate contamination events. UWNY’s proposed early warning system would include real-time (or continuous) monitoring equipment located in the river, and at the intake, and at the raw water pumping station. The equipment in the river would be marked by a buoy with the monitoring probes lowered into the river to about the same depth as the intake.

The monitoring equipment would record such parameters as turbidity, pH, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, certain organic compounds, and certain inorganic compounds. Although the technology for the on-line or continuous monitoring of radionuclides in water has not advanced to the point where it is available for widespread commercial applications, UWNY intends to explore and keep close watch on the development of on-line devices for the screening for alpha, beta and/or gamma radiation. Several promising technologies may arise from the efforts of the U.S. Department of Defense and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Once real-time or continuous monitoring for radionuclides becomes available, UWMN would include it as part of its early warning monitoring program. The information collected by the monitoring equipment would be transmitted to the main control room at the water treatment plant. Plant operators would be able to monitor any changes in river water quality and make any necessary adjustments to the processes to account for these changes. Also, in the event of a spill, the plant operator would be able to note any unusual change in water quality and shut down the intake until the spill passes by.

In addition to the real-time monitoring equipment, UWNY will explore the establishment of a water quality reporting network with other agencies along the river that collect water quality data, such as , other Hudson River water purveyors, and power companies along the river.

The combined real-time monitoring equipment and the water quality reporting network would provide the information needed for UWNY to rapidly respond to water quality changes that could compromise the treatment process. An emergency plan would be developed that outlines the steps to be taken in the event of a spill or other major water quality issue. All plant operators would be trained to properly respond to such an event.



2.6 Finished Water Quality Goals The treated water quality objectives include meeting or exceeding all the regulated parameters, as well as, meeting UWNY’s current water quality. In addition, the treatment processes will also include provisions for removal of radionuclides, organic chemicals and any emerging contaminants such as EDCs that may be present in the water.

The finished water quality goals are based on the current and anticipated regulations. Finished Water Quality Goals are listed below in Table 2-9.

Table 2-9 Finished Water Quality Goals

UWNY Desalination Plant

Parameter Average Range Average Range

Total Dissolved Solids, mg/L

336 132-754 150 100 – 500

Hardness, mg/L as CaCO3

210 88-418 53 49 – 63

Alkalinity, mg/L as CaCO3

54-260 50.4 45 – 55

Sodium, mg/L 39 5-94 40 10 – 70

Chloride, mg/L 88 20-221 75 20 – 250

Sulfate, mg/L 19 14-29 15 10 – 30

Turbidity, NTU 0.04-0.41 < 0.2 NTU < 0.1 NTU to 0.3

pH 7.5 7.0-7.9 7.5 7.3 – 7.7

THMs, mg/L 51 0.5-84 0.06 < 0.08

HAAs, mg/L 35 ND-53 0.045 < 0.06

Conceptual Design Report Haverstraw Water Supply Project

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