Conceptual Design Assessments and Analysis We would like to acknowledge the support of the Project...
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Transcript of Conceptual Design Assessments and Analysis We would like to acknowledge the support of the Project...
Conceptual Design Assessments and Analysis
We would like to acknowledge the support of the Project Management Institute and the International Institute for Learning, Inc. for permitting the
use of their intellectual property in this curriculum.
Red Cross Project Cycle
Case Study – Delta River MunicipalityA recent assessment found that deterioration of water quality in the Delta River Municipality has resulted in depleted fish stocks; reduced catch and falling income among fishing families, and there is an increasingly high incidence of water borne diseases and illnesses, particularly among poor families and children under five.
The current situation is the result of the discharge of fecal waste, household and business refuse, and inadequately treated wastewater in the river.
Some of the numerous factors that contribute to the problem include: Low public awareness of the dangers of dumping household waste. Low access and use of sanitation facilities for the disposal of fecal waste. Furthermore, the Environment Protection Agency’s oversight over the local textile industry has been ineffective and sometimes corrupted. All these factors have led to high levels of fecal waste and household/business refuse in the river.
As a result of low budgets and poor planning by local government even among businesses that treat their waste, treated wastewater does not meet environmental standards.
Collecting Assessment Data
Where do project ideas come from?
Donors express their priority of
addressing maternal child health in the Delta Region
A local doctor suggests
advocating for sewage
connections to improve hygiene
Mothers express displeasure with
the mess and sickly conditions that result from lack of hygienic
sanitation
A fishing cooperative
observed that fish stocks were high in
a .nearby town with sanitation
facilities
Comparative Observations
Donor InterestExperts and Consultants
Stakeholder Need
Assessments vs. Analysis
Idea for a Project
Activity: Analysis ToolsType of Analysis Illustrative Tools
Stakeholder Analysis
Problem Analysis
Objectives Analysis
Alternatives Analysis
Activity: Analysis ToolsType of Analysis Illustrative Tool
Stakeholder AnalysisVenn Diagrams, RASIC Charts
Stakeholder Analysis Matrix
SWOT Analysis, Spider Diagrams
Problem AnalysisProblem Trees
Force Field Analysis
Mapping
Objectives Analysis Objective Trees
Alternatives Analysis Organize and Analyze information
Identifying StakeholdersSTAKEHOLDERS - Individuals or institutions that may – directly or indirectly, positively or negatively – affect or be affected by the project or program.
Mapping Stakeholder Relationships
Project Partners
Beneficiaries
Stakeholders
Individuals or institutions that may – directly or indirectly, positively or negatively – affect or be affected by the project or program.
Those who implement the projects (who are also stakeholders, and may be a target group.)
Those who benefit in whatever way from the implementation of the project. Distinction may be made between target groups; final beneficiaries and indirect beneficiaries.
Building a Stakeholder Venn Diagram
Venn Diagram - Stakeholders(From the perspective of fishing families)
Stakeholder Analysis MatrixStakeholder and basic characteristics
Interests and how affected by the problem
Capacity and motivation to bring about change
Possible actions to address stakeholder interests
Stakeholder Analysis Alternative
Stakeholder Analysis MatrixStakeholder and basic characteristics
Interests and how affected by the problem
Capacity and motivation to bring about change
Possible actions to address stakeholder interests
Fishing families20,000 families, low income earners, small scale family businesses, organized into informal cooperatives, women actively involved in fish processing and marketing
• Maintain and improve the means of livelihood
• Pollution is affecting volume and quality of catch
• Family health is suffering, particularly children and mothers
• Keen interest in pollution control measures
• Limited political influence given weak organizational structure
• Support capacity to organize and lobby
• Implement pollution • Identify develop alternative
income sources
Textile IndustryMedium scale industrial operation, poorly regulated and no unions. Well connected with ruling party, poor environmental record
• Maintain/increase profits• Some concern about public
image• Concern about costs of
environmental regulations enforced
• Have financial and technical resources to employ new cleaner technologies
• Limited current motivation to change
• Raise their awareness of social and environmental impact
• Mobilize political pressure to influence industry behavior
• Strengthen and enforce environmental laws
Households45,000 households discharge waste and waste water into river also source drinking water and eat fish from river
• Aware of textile industry’s pollution and impact on water quality
• Want to dispose of own waste away from household
• Want access to clean water
• Limited understanding of the health impact of their own was/waste water disposal
• Appear willing to pay for improved waste management services
• Raise awareness of households of the implications of their own waste disposal practices
• Work with communities and government to address water and sanitation issues.
Environmental Protection Agency:Etc.
etc etc Etc
Level 2 - Problem Analysis
Stakeholder Analysis
ProblemAnalysis
• Identifying key problems, constraints & opportunities;
• Determining cause & effect relationships
• Identifying & characterizing potential major stakeholders;
• assessing their capacity
Developing a Problem TreeStep One: Brainstorm Problems• either completely open (no preconceptions)• or, more directed, by specifying a “known” high-level
problem based on preliminary analysisStep Two: Select an Individual Starter ProblemStep Three: Look for problems related to the starter
problemStep 4: Establish a hierarchy of causes and effects• Problems which are directly causing the starter problem
– BELOW• Problems which are direct effects of the starter problem
– ABOVEStep 5: Connect the Problems with Cause-Effect Arrows
Problem, Causes and Effects
Problem Tree - Example
Level 3: Objectives Analysis
Stakeholder Analysis
• Identifying & characterizing potential major stakeholders;
• assessing their capacity
Problem Analysis
• Identifying key problems, constraints & opportunities;
• determining cause & effect relationships
Objectives Analysis
• Developing solutions from the identified problems;
• identifying means to end relationships
Developing an Objectives TreeStep One: Reformulate all negative situations of theproblems analysis into positive situations that are:• desirable• realistically achievable
Step Two: Check the means-ends relationships to ensure validity and completeness of the hierarchy
Step Three: If necessary:• revise statements• add new objectives if relevant and necessary• delete objectives which do not seem suitable or
necessary
Objectives Tree
Objectives Tree
Level 4: Alternatives Analysis
Stakeholder Analysis
• Identifying & characterizing potential major stakeholders;
• assessing their capacity
Problem Analysis
• Identifying key problems, constraints & opportunities;
• determining cause & effect relationships
AlternativesAnalysis
• Identifying different strategies to achieve solutions;
• selecting most appropriate strategy.
Objectives Analysis
• Developing solutions from the identified problems;
• identifying means to end relationships
Selecting a Strategy
Mercy Corps Strategy Graphic
Alternatives Analysis