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Transcript of Concepts of Mental & Mental
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1
Concepts of Mental Health &
Mental Illness
E. Fagon FNP/Educator
April 9 !"1#
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$%ecti'es
( )efine the ter*s +a, *ental health +%, *entalillness.
+c, E'aluate the ter* *ental health continuu*
( Identif- so*e Characteristics of a Mentall-Health- Indi'idual
( tate so*e co*ponents of *ental health.
( tate so*e co*ponents of *ental illness.
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$%ecti'es contd
( )iscuss so*e strategies to pro*ote and
*aintain opti*al *ental health.
(Identif- & %riefl- discuss the 'ariouscategories of *ental illnesses according to)M I.
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)efinition Mental Health
( Mental health is defined as a state or
condition on 2hich an indi'idual feels a
sense of 2ell3%eing. 4his gi'es hi* or her
the capacit- to li'e life in fulfill*ent of 2hat
he or she 2ants to achie'e in accordance
to the a'aila%le resources.
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)efinition contd
4his condition also pro'ides an indi'idual
the capacit- to %e resilient to the stresses he
*eets and to respond to these challenges2ithout ha'ing to co*pro*ise his 2ell3
%eing. 4his also *a6es hi* producti'e and
fruitful for hi*self and his co**unit-.
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Mental 2ellness could also %e defined as
the lac6 of *ental pro%le*s or disorders.
People 2ho do not present diagnosa%le
%eha'iors that could 8ualif- as a *ental
disorder are seen as *entall- health-. For
ea*ple so*eone 2ho has an o%session
on things *a- not necessaril- ha'e a*ental disorder li6e o%session.
#
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4hus he is said to ha'e *ental 2ellness. :ut
2hen this o%session is co*%ined 2ith
unrelenting co*pulsion to do the o%ect ofo%session the person *a- alread- %e
diagnosed 2ith a *ental disorder called
$%sessi'e3co*pulsi'e )isorder or $C).
;
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Mental health across culture
4he
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For ea*ple canni%alistic %eha'ior in so*e
tri%es li'ing in re*ote areas is highl-
regarded as a religious practice ho2e'er inthe *aorit- of ur%ani=ed 2orld this could %e
seen as %ar%aric or insane.
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Mental health can %e an-2here along a
continuu* fro* so*ething te*porar- or
li*ited to *ore enduring or per*anent.
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o*e people ho2e'er eperience *ore
fre8uent or se'ere periods of *ental3ill
health and a fe2 ha'e 'er- long lastingpro%le*s .Is the indi'idual@s suffering se'ere
and distressing %e-ond 2hat he/she feels
a%le to %ear
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Mental health in'ol'es *aster- in the areas
of life in'ol'ing lo'e 2or6 and pla-
:ar%ara choen Bohnson.
!nd )efinition A state of 2ell %eing in 2hich
the indi'idual reali=es his/her o2n a%ilities
can cope 2ith the nor*al stresses of life can
2or6 producti'el- & fruitfull- and is a%le to *a6e a
contri%ution to his or her co**unit-
1!
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Characteristics of a Health-
Indi'idual( Accurate perception of realit-
( (A%ilit- to accept oneself and others
( (A%ilit- to %e spontaneous( (A%ilit- to sol'e pro%le*s
( (A need for pri'ac-
( (Independence or autono*-( (A%ilit- to epress oneself e*otionall-
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( Fre8uenc- of happ- *o*ents that
produce a sense of 2orth hope and lo'e
of life
( (Identification 2ith *an6ind
( (A%ilit- to *aintain satisfactor-
relationships
( (A sense of ethics
( (o*e sense of resistance to confor*it-
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Mental Health Continuu*
( (Illness
( Darel- in touch 2ith realit-
( (
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1#
MEN4A INE Ma- %e defined as a
ps-chiatric disease in 2hich the *ind is
epressing its disco*fort through thought
feelings and %eha'iors
!nd )ef. An- of 'arious conditions character3
i=ed %- i*pair*ent of an indi'idual@s nor*alcogniti'e e*otional or %eha'ioural functioning
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1;
and caused %- social and ps-chological %ioche*
3cal genetic or other factors such as infection or
head trau*a. 4he free )ictionar- co*. Farle Inc.
C$MP$NEN4 of MEN4A HEA4H.
( EF $EDNANCE 4he person de*onst3
rates autono*- a sense of detach*entindependence and a tendenc- to loo6 2ithin
for guiding 'alues and rules to li'e %-. 4he
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person acts independentl- dependentl- or
interdependentl- as the need arises 2ithout
per*anentl- loosing independence.( D$
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and *ai*i=ation of capacities.
4$EDANCE $F ?NCED4AIN4G 4he person
faces the uncertaint- of li'ing and the certaint-of death %- *eans of faith and hope.
EF E4EEM 4he person@s self estee* is
%uilt on self 6no2ledge and a2areness oftalents a%ilities and li*itations.
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!"
MA4EDG $F 4HE ENID$NMEN4 4he
person is effecti'e capa%le co*petent and
creati'e in dealing 2ith and influencing theen'iron*ent.
DEAI4G $DIEN4A4I$N 4he person is a%le to
distinguish fact fro* fantas- the real 2orldfro* the drea* 2orld and acts accordingl-.
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!1
4DE MANAEMEN4 4he person eperience3
es appropriate depression aniet- a*ong other
things in dail- life and can tolerate high le'els of
stress 6no2ing that the feelings 2ill not last for3
e'er and can eperience failure 2ithout self
castigation. ?suall- the person deals 2ith crises
2ithout needing help %e-ond the support of fa*il-
and friends.
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!!
o*e eneral Criteria For
*ental )isorders.
( 4here is dissatisfaction 2ith one@s charact3
eristics a%ilities and acco*plish*ents.
( Ineffecti'e or unsatisfactor- interpersonal relationships.
( )issatisfaction 2ith one@s place in the 2orld.
( Ineffecti'e coping or adaptation to the e'ents inone@s life as 2ell as lac6 of personal gro2th.
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!0
Mental Health Maintenance and
Pro*otion trategies.Mental health and illness are deter*ined %-
%- *ultiple and interacting social ps-chological
and %iological factors ust as health and
illness in general. 4here is a strong associat3
ion %et2een *ental illness and po'ert-
including lo2 le'els of education poor hous3
ing and lo2 inco*e. 4he greater 'ulnera%ilit-
of disad'antaged people in each co**unit-
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to *ental illness *a- %e eplained %- such
factors as eperience of insecurit- & hopeless3
ness rapid social change and the ris6 of'iolence and ph-sical ill health. N: 4he
association %et2een po'ert- & *ental disorders
appears to %e uni'ersal occurring in all societiesirrespecti'e of their le'els of de'elop*ent. Mental
health for each person is affected %- indi'idual
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factors and eperiences social interactions
societal structures and resources
and cultural 'alues. It is influenced %- eperiences
in e'er-da- life in fa*il- in schools on the
streets and at 2or6. 4he *ental health of
each person in turn affects life in each of these
do*ains and hence the health of a co**unit-
or population. Mental disorders are co**on
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!#
2orld2ide *ental and %eha'ioral disorders
represented 11 of total disease %urden in
199" and gre2 to 1! in !""". 4his is predicted
to increase to 17 %- !"!" N: Mental health
pro%le*s also result in a 'ariet- of other costs
to societ- +
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!;
after ischae*ic heart disease %- !"!". Get
*ental illness & *ental health ha'e %een
neglected topics for *ost go'ern*ents and
societies. Decent data +
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!>
4DA4EIE For MAIN4ENANCE
AN) PD$M$4I$N $F
M/HEA4H.( A cli*ate that respects and protects %asic ci'il political econo*ic social and cultural
rights is funda*ental to the pro*otion of *ental health. N:
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!9
( Collecti'e action depends on shared 'alues
as *uch as the 8ualit- of scientific e'idence
In so*e co**unities ti*e honored practices &
2a-s of life *aintain *ental health e'en though
*ental health *a- not %e identified as theoutco*e or identified %- *an-. In other co*3
*unities people need to %e con'inced that*a6ing an effort to i*pro'e *ental health is
2orth2hile or realistic.
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0"
( Intersectional lin6age is the 6e- for *ental health pro*otion. N: Mental health can %e
i*pro'ed through the collecti'e action of societ-.
I*pro'ing *ental health re8uires policies andprogra**es in go'ern*ent and %usiness sectors
including education la%our ustice transport
en'iron*ent housing and 2elfare as 2ell
as specific acti'ities in the health field
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01
relating to the pre'ention and treat*ent of
ill health.
( Mental health is *ore than the a%sence of
*ental illness it is 'ital to indi'iduals fa*ilies
and societies. N: Mental health is descri%ed
%-
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0!
foundation for 2ell%eing and effecti'e functioning
for an indi'idual and for co**unit-. 4he
core concept of *ental health is consistent
2ith its 2ide and 'aried interpretationacross cultures.
( Mental Health is e'er-%od-@s :usiness
4hose 2ho can do so*ething to pro*ote *ental
health and 2ho ha'e so*ething to gain include
fa*ilies indi'iduals co**unities co**ercial
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00
organi=ations and health professionals
Particularl- i*portant are the decisions *a6ers
in go'ern*ents at local and national le'els
2hose actions affect *ental health in 2a-s
that the- *a- not reali=e. International %odies
can ensure that countries at all stages of econo*ic
de'elop*ent are a2are of the i*portance of *ental
health to co**unit- de'elop*ent.
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05
4he- can also encourage the* +go'ern*ents,
to assess the possi%ilities and e'idence for
inter'ening to i*pro'e the *ental health ofthe population. N: 4here is no health 2ith3
$ut good *ental health.
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07
CA4E$DIE $F MEN4A
INE
Mental illnesses co*prise a large group of
disorders of thought or %eha'iour. 4he current
)iagnostic and tatistical Manual +I, of the
A*erican Ps-chological Association di'ides
*ental illnesses in the follo2ing groups
( Aniet- )isorders are associated 2ith intense
feelings of aniet- often in'ol'ing ph-sical
*anifestations 2hich disrupt dail- life.
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0#
Ea*ples of aniet- disorders include i, post
trau*atic stress disorder +P4), ii, o%sessi'e
co*pulsi'e disorder +$C), and iii, pho%ias
Childhood )isorders such as i, attention deficit
h-peracti'it- disorder +A)H), and conduct
disorder3reflect disrupti'e and so*eti*es
dangerous %eha'iours in de'eloping
children.
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0;
Eating )isorders
Eating disorders include anoreia ner'osa
and %uli*ia ner'osa in 2hich indi'iduals
a%stain fro* food or go to great lengths to purge
the*sel'es after eating.
M$$) )I$D)ED34he *ood disorders include unipolar
depressi'e disorder and %ipolar disorders 2hich
are t-pified %- prolonged periods of de%ilitating
depressed or ele'ated *ood.
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0>
Personalit- )isorders.
Personalit- disorders constitute a fa*il- of
disorders 2ith *aladapti'e characteristics
and %eha'iours that are disrupti'e to self or others such as antisocial +ps-chopathic,
personalit- disorder and %orderline personalit-
disorder .
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09
Ps-chotic )isorders.
Ps-chotic disorders are *ar6ed %- profound
distur%ances in the thought process or content
delusions difficult- in social interaction andlanguage. Ea*ples include schi=ophrenia
and %rief ps-chotic disorder.
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5"
u%stance Delated )isorder.
u%stance related disorders in'ol'e
destructi'e use of su%stances often 2ith
tolerance for the offending su%stanceand 2ithdra2al s-*pto*s upon cessation.
Co**on su%stance related disorders are
alcohol nicotine or cocaine dependence.