Concepts: Governance Rule of Law
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Transcript of Concepts: Governance Rule of Law
SS8H4aAnalyze the strengths and
weaknesses of both the Georgia Constitution of 1777 and the Articles of Confederation and
explain how weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation led to a
need to revise the Articles.
Concepts:GovernanceRule of Law
GEORGIA STATEHOOD and the U.S. CONSTITUTION
SS8H4a
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONWhat were the strengths and
weaknesses of the Georgia Constitution of 1777?
The student will understand that distribution of power
in government is a product of existing documents and laws combined with contemporary
values and beliefs.
How would you describe the distribution of power at Conyers Middle School?
Which branch of government is responsible for making laws?
Why did the writers of the Georgia
Constitution of 1777 want to limit the power of the Executive branch
(Governor)?
Distribution of Power
GEORGIA CONSTITUTION OF 1777
STRENGTHS• Separation of
Powers• 8 Counties (local
government) each county had its own government, court, school, and militia
• Citizens were guaranteed freedom of religion, press, and trial by jury
WEAKNESSES• Uni-cameral legislature
(one house) had too much power – appoint (choose) the Governor and judges
• Governor served only a 1 year term
• Only white men 21 and over with property could vote
• Amending (changing) the constitution was difficult
GAConstitution
of 1777
EXECUTIVE
LEGISLATIVE
JUDICIARY
GOVERNOR
Appointed by executive council
1 year term
Very little
power
Appointed by legislature
Power to appoint
Governor and judges
Have most of the power
Uni-cameral (1 house) called
the House of Assembly
LEGISLATORS(lawmakers)
STATE JUDGES
Primary Source Document
GEORGIA CONSTITUTION OF 1777
Article IX. All male white inhabitants, of the age of twenty-one years, and possessed in his own right of ten pounds value, and liable to pay tax in this State, or being of any mechanic trade, and shall have been resident six months in this State, shall have a right to vote at all elections for representatives, or any other officers...
SS8H4aAnalyze the strengths and
weaknesses of both the Georgia Constitution of 1777 and the Articles of Confederation and
explain how weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation led to a
need to revise the Articles.
Concepts:GovernanceRule of Law
GEORGIA STATEHOOD and the U.S. CONSTITUTION
PAGE 30 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H4a
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONWhat were the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation?
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
STRENGTHS• 1st constitution• Central
government• Federalism –
power divided between central (national) gov’t and individual state gov’t
• Congress could:– Declare war– Sign treaties– Deliver mail– Create money
WEAKNESSES• Weak national gov’t• State gov’t too strong• Uni-cameral legislature (Congress)• States only had 1 representative and
1 vote in Congress• No executive branch or president• No national court system• Could not tax the states to raise
money• Could not regulate (control) trade• Could not enforce laws• Each state had its own currency and
militia• Too difficult to amend (change) the
Articles
The student will understand that when there is conflict between or
within societies, change is the result.
Do all conflicts have to involve violence and war?
How did the Articles of
Confederation create a conflict?What changes were needed?
CONFLICT & CHANGE
The student will understand that when there is conflict between or
within societies, change is the result.
Do all conflicts have to involve violence and war?
How did the Articles of
Confederation create a conflict?What changes were needed?
CONFLICT & CHANGE
SS8H4bDescribe the role of Georgia at the Constitutional Convention of 1787;
include the role of Abraham Baldwin and William Few, and
reasons why Georgia ratified the new constitution.
Concepts:
Individuals – Groups – InstitutionsGovernance
Conflict and ChangeRule of Law
GEORGIA STATEHOOD and the U.S. CONSTITUTION
PAGE 31 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H4b
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONWhat role did Georgia’s Abraham Baldwin and William
Few play in the Constitutional Convention of 1787?
The student will understand that when there is conflict between or
within societies, change is the result.
What does it mean to compromise? Give some examples from your own
experiences.
Why did states argue about the US Constitution, and what
changed as a result?
CONFLICT & CHANGE
Constitutional Convention of 1787
• Why did our Founding Fathers need to revise the Articles of Confederation?
To create a stronger Federal (national / central) government that would UNITE the young country together.
• What happened to the Articles of Confederation?
The Founding Fathers wrote a new constitution
SS8H4bDescribe the role of Georgia at the Constitutional Convention of 1787;
include the role of Abraham Baldwin and William Few, and
reasons why Georgia ratified the new constitution.
Concepts:
Individuals – Groups – InstitutionsGovernance
Conflict and ChangeRule of Law
ABRAHAM BALDWIN WILLIAM FEW
BOTH MEN WERE REPRESENTATIVES
FROM GEORGIA WHO HELPED
CREATE AND SIGN THE UNITED
STATES CONSTITUTION.
ABRAHAM BALDWIN PLAYED A BIG ROLE IN THE
GREAT COMPROMISE THAT HELPED CREATE A BI-
CAMERAL LEGISLATURE
WILLIAM FEW HELPED WRITE THE
CONSTITUTION
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION of 1787
Constitutional Convention
of 1787
CAUSE EFFECTARTICLES
OFCONFEDERATION
THE U.S. CONSTITUTION
• State governments had too much power
• National government could not levy taxes, enforce laws, or control trade
• No executive branch (President)
• No judicial branch (no federal courts to settle disputes between the states)
• Federal government becomes more powerful • Separation of Powers - Legislative branch
makes laws - Executive branch
enforce laws - Judicial branch
interpret laws
• Bi-cameral legislature• House of Representatives based on state population• Senate – 2 representatives from each state
• Great Compromise: Bi-cameral legislature benefits both big and small states (population) • 3/5ths Compromise:3 out of 5 slaves counted toward population and were also taxed
• Bill of Rights: 1st ten amendments to the Constitution guaranteeing rights for citizens
2 REPRESENTATIIVES FROM EACH STATE
REPRESENTATIVES FROM EACH STATE BASED ON POPULATION
BI-CAMERAL
The student will understand that when there is conflict between or
within societies, change is the result.
What does it mean to compromise? Give some examples from your own
experiences.
Why did states argue about the US Constitution, and what
changed as a result?
CONFLICT & CHANGE
SS8H4bDescribe the role of Georgia at the Constitutional Convention of 1787;
include the role of Abraham Baldwin and William Few, and
reasons why Georgia ratified the new constitution.
Concepts:
Individuals – Groups – InstitutionsGovernance
Conflict and ChangeRule of Law
GEORGIA STATEHOOD and the U.S. CONSTITUTION
PAGE 32 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H4b
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONWhy did Georgia ratify the new
U.S. Constitution?
RATIFYING THE US CONSTITUTION
Why did Georgia ratify the new U.S. Constitution?
• Wanted federal gov’t to have power to unite the country
• Needed federal gov’t to help fight Native Americans in order for Georgians to move westward onto new lands
• 4th state to ratify on January 2nd, 1788
The student will understand that in a democracy, rule of law influences the
behavior of citizens, establishes procedures for making policies, and
limits the power of government.
What are some rules in each of your classes? What are some rules in sports
or games that we play?
What part of the U.S. Constitution limits the power of government?
RULE of LAW
The student will understand that distribution of power
in government is a product of existing documents and laws combined with contemporary
values and beliefs.
What are some documents that distribute power? Which branch of government is
responsible for making laws?
What was wrong with the Articles of Confederation that influenced the states
to create a new U.S. Constitution?
Distribution of Power
The student will understand that as a society increases in
complexity and interacts with other societies, the complexity of
government also increases.
Think back to elementary school. How are the rules more complex in middle school? Do you think they’ll be more
complex in highschool?
The 13 states each had their own society and government. What are some
examples of states interacting together, which then made the national government more complex?
GOVERNANCE
SOURCES
• www.Glencoe.com
• http://www.fresno.k12.ca.us/divdept/sscience/constitutionResouces.html
• http://www.usconsulate.org.hk/pas/kids/images/branches.jpg
• www.milan.k12.mi.us/.../image001.jpg
• http://teachingamericanhistory.org/convention/christy/