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Concepts and Models ofCommunications

Theories

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Basic Characteristics ofCommunications Theory

Mechanistic communication istransmitted from sender to receiver

Psychological considers thesubjective processes involved(thoughts, emotions, etc.) in the waymeaning is interpreted by recipients

of messages

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Basic Characteristics ofCommunications Theory

Sociological focuses on the socialcontext in which communications are sentand received and how meaning is

established and shared / communicationsas a socially constructed process

Systems and networks communication is a complex system ofcirculating messages which are beingadapted and modied in a continual andcomplex process

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Transmission CommunicationsModels

source message receiver

Schramm model of masscommunication (1954)

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The Schannon !eaver model of

communication (19"#)

$nformation

source

transmitter

receiver

destination

message

%oisesource

signal

&eceived

signal

message

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The 'sgood Schramm model ofcommunication

encoder

interpreter

decoder encoder

interpreter

decoder

message

message

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ill!s model of"ommunication

&ealms ofunderstandi

ng

&ealms ofunderstandi

ng

message

feedac

noise noise

source

encoding

decoding

receiver

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T*o step model ofCommunication

Mass media

T1

T#

T4T+

T5T"

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Multi step process ofcommunication

Mass media

T1

T#

T4

T+

T5

T"

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&elational and %et*or Modelsof Communication

#ransactional communication

$elational communication

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Semiotics andCommunication of

Meanings

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Semiotics

%tudy of signs and symbols

#he message must not only be sent and

received but must be acted upon through a

process of interpretation &ow signs are transmitted through the use of

codes

&ow meaning is constructed and shared

between people and / or organi'ations &ow meanings are dependent on the variety of

ways in which objects can be interpretedaccording to what the objects signify for people

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The System of Semiosis

#he sign

t!s object

n interpretant (function ofinterpretation)

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The Sign Construct

sign Signi,er

Signi,ed

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Signi,er acoustic image

Signi,ed mental (psychological)image

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The Signage process

Sign

-enotedo.ect -ynamic

o.ect

$nterpretant

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-enotation translation of a sign toits literal meaning

Connotation translates the sign tomeanings associated with it

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Sign systems

$con a pattern that physicallyresembles what it stands for

*ery low level of convention

conic words onomopoetic words(translinguistic words)

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Symols signs that do not havestrong correlation with the signiedobject

*ery high level of convention

%ymbols simplicity, clearness,abstractedness, attraction,

recogni'able,, distinctive

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$ndices signs that have correlationwith space and time with its meaning

+ened by some sensory feature directly visible, audible, smellable

edium level of convention

/stract indices left, right,forward, bac-ward, above, below

0ogical indices