Conception to Birth Prenatal Development
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Transcript of Conception to Birth Prenatal Development
Prenatal Development
• Prenatal defined as “before birth”
• Prenatal stage begins at conception and ends with the birth of the child.
Embryo
• 14 days until the end of the eight week
• Most of the major organs are formed during this time.
• Heartbeat, Red Blood Cells
Embryo – 45 Days
• Prenatal Development Overview:–Zygote – Conception to 2 weeks
–Embryo – 2 weeks through 8 weeks
–Fetus – 9 weeks to birth
Fetal Period
• The period between the beginning of the ninth week until birth
• Now referred to as a Fetus
Placenta
• A cushion of cells in the mother by which the fetus receives oxygen and nutrition
• Acts as a filter to screen out substances that could harm the fetus
Teratogens• Substances that pass through the
placenta’s screen and prevent the fetus from developing normally
•Includes: radiation, toxic chemicals, viruses, drugs,
alcohol, nicotine, etc.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
• A series of physical and cognitive abnormalities in children due to their mother drinking large amounts of alcohol during pregnancy
3-D and 4-D
National Geographic Channel In The Womb
Newborn
• Within the 1st 30 minutes, newborns will turn their heads to watch a human face even it is a picture or a drawing
• Human Voices
• Taste preferences – no spoiled milk please!
Reflexes – Automatic and Unlearned Responses
Rooting Reflex• Infants’ tendency, when touched on the cheek, to
move their face in the direction of the touch and open their mouth
• Child is looking for nourishment.
Sucking & Swallowing Reflexes• Allows for food to be received at birth
left leg extends when infant gazes to the left, while right arm and leg flex
inward, and vice versa.
infant closes its hand and "grips" your finger
takes brisk steps when
both feet placed on a surface, with body supported.
The infant raises up (upper torso, shoulders, and head) with arms when lying face
down (on his tummy).
• Newborns are able to see, but are nearsighted.
• -prefer faces over other stimuli in the environment.
• Prefer the sounds of their parent’s voices over others
Temperament• A baby’s temperament is apparent after
just a few hours of birth
–“easy” babies – eat and sleep regularly
–“difficult” – unpredictable, intense, & irritable
–Relatively stable personality aspect
Infant, Toddler, Child
• Infant: First year
• Toddler: From about 1 year to 3 years of age
• Child: Span between toddler and teen
Motor Development
• Includes all physical skills and muscular coordination
• When did you first roll over, sit up, walk, ride a bike???
Cognitive Development in
Infancy and Childhood: Piaget’s
Cognitive Stages
Module 4: Prenatal and Childhood Development
Cognition
• All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering
• Children think differently than adults
Jean Piaget (pee-ah-ZHAY)
• Developmental psychologist who introduced a stage theory of cognitive development
Stage 1- Sensorimotor Stage
• From birth to 2 years
• Child gathers information about the world through senses & motor functions
• Child learns object permanence
Object Permanence
• The awareness that things continue to exist even when they cannot be sensed
• “Out of sight, out of mind”
Object Permanence
Clip the baby to see object
permanence in action!
Even when they get older, kids figure out objects don’t go away, but the “A” not “B” Effect gets ‘em
every time!
Check out this clip!
Stage 2- Preoperational Stage
• From about 2 to 6 or 7 yrs
• Children can understand language but not logic
• Fantasy Play
Egocentrism
• The child’s inability to take another person’s point of view
• Includes a child’s inability to understand that symbols can represent other objects
Conservation• Certain properties remain
constant despite changes in their form
• The properties can include mass, volume, and numbers.
Stage 3- Concrete Operational Stage
• From about 7 to 11yrs
• Child learns to think logically
• understands the concept of conservation
Stage 4- Formal Operational Stage• Child can think logically and in the
abstract
• About age 12 on up
• Can solve hypothetical problems (What if…. problems)
Check out this clip the 1st kid is in stage 3 – logic; the last person is stage 4, she thinks hypothetically