Concept Words Abiotic Factor - the non-living factors of the environment that an organism lives in. Abyssal Plain - mostly flat portion of ocean floor which provides a home to a variety of unique organisms that are adapted to the extreme conditions of this habitat. Aphotic Zone - lowest layer of the ocean, where light does not reach. Continental Shelf - extends from the edge of the continent outward to where the bottom sharply drops off into a steep slope. Concept Words Continental Slope - The steep incline between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain. Hydrothermal Vent - An opening in the sea floor where super-heated water and other material are discharged into the surrounding seawater. Intertidal Zone - the area that lies between the low-tide and the high-tide line. Mid-Ocean Ridge - A chain of undersea mountains that circles the earth through every ocean. Concept Words Neritic Zone - the first 200 meters (656 feet) of ocean water, which includes the seashore and most of the continental shelf. Oceanic Zone - Extends from 200 meters (656 feet) deep all the way down to the bottom of the ocean. Ocean trench - the deepest parts of the ocean. The deepest one is the Marianas Trench (located in the South Pacific Ocean - almost 5 miles (8.05 kilometers) deep. Photic Zone - The top layer of the ocean where sunlight penetrates. Concept Words Seamount - A volcanic peak that rises at least 3280 feet (1000 m) from the seafloor. Sustainability capable of continuing (meeting the needs of the present) over a long period of time without causing permanent damage in the future. ACTIVITY YOU ARE TO COPY THE MAP OF THE OCEAN ZONES IN YOUR INB. BE SURE TO LABEL ALL THE ZONES AND CHARACTERISTICS THAT DEFINE THAT ZONE. OCEAN ZONES DRAWING OCEAN ZONES OCEANS CONTAIN MANY ENVIRONMENTS OCEANS HAVE MANY ENVIRONMENTS. WARM, COLD, SHALLOW, DEEP. EACH HAVE THEIR OWN SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS. 95 % OF THE OCEAN REMAINS UNEXPLORED! OCEAN ORGANISMS ARRANGED IN THREE GROUPS THAT DEPEND ON WHERE THEY LIVE. 1. BOTTOM DWELLERS (ALGAE, SEAWEED, CRABS, CORALS, STARFISH, AND SHELLFISH) 2. SWIMMERS (FISH, DOLPHINS, WHALES, AND SHARKS) 3. FLOATERS (DO NOT SWIM BUT FLOAT AT OR NEAR THE SURFACE IE. JELLYFISH AN THE MOST ABUNDANT OF THE FLOATERS, PROTIST) HABITAT IS A ENVIRONMENT THAT MEETS ALL THE REQUIREMENTS FOR AN ORGANISM TO LIVE. SHORELINE AT THE COASTLINE WE HAVE THE INTERTIDAL ZONE. THIS IS AT THE VERY EDGE OF THE OCEAN. FOUND BETWEEN THE HIGH TIDE LINE AND THE LOW TIDE LINE. VERY HARSH CONDITIONS EXIST HERE. INTERTIDAL ZONE LOW TIDE- INTERTIDAL ZONE IS EXPOSED TO DRY CONDITIONS AND SUNLIGHT. HIGH TIDE- INTERTIDAL ZONE IS COVERED WITH WATER. WHAT CHARACTERISTICS DOES AND ORGANISM NEED TO TOLERATE THESE CONDITIONS? INTERTIDAL ZONE ACTIVITY HOW DO MUSSELS SURVIVE? ESTUARIES WHAT IS AN ESTUARY? ESTUARY WHERE FRESH WATER AND WATER FROM THE OCEAN COME TOGETHER. WHERE WOULD YOU FIND AN ESTUARY? VERY IMPORTANT! WE WILL COVER ESTAURIES AT THE END OF THE OCEANOGRAPHY UNIT. ALONG THE EDGE OF ESTUARIES THERE ARE WETLANDS. DEPENDING WHERE ITS LOCATED IT IS CALLED EITHER A SALT MARSH OR A MANGROVE FOREST. SALT MARSHES LOCATED AWAY FROM THE EQUATOR. SO IT IS COOLER HERE. FOUND ALONG THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEANS AND THE GULF OF MEXICO. KEEP THE SHORELINE FROM WASHING AWAY. WHY? DO WE HAVE SALT MARSHES IN N.C.? MANGROVE FOREST FOUND IN TROPICAL REGIONS SUCH AS SOUTHERN FLORIDA. THICK GROUP OF SHRUBS AND TREES WHOSE ROOTS BRACE THEM FROM STORMS AND WAVES. WITH OUT MANGROVE FOREST, STORMS WOULD DRASTICALLY CHANGE THE SHORELINE OF TROPICAL AREAS. MANGROVE FOREST IN THE FLORIDA KEYS THINK-PAIR-SHARE HOW DO HUMANS AFFECT OUR SHORELINES? QUESTIONS ANSWER QUESTIONS ON PAGE C- 119 NUMBERS 1-6. CONDITIONS CHANGE OFF SHORE! AS WE MOVE AWAY FROM THE COAST. ENVIRONMENTS CHANGE WITH THE DEPTH OF THE WATER! ACTIVITY HOW CAN AIR MAKE THINGS FLOAT? INVESTIGATION OF THE AIR BLADDER IN FISH. NEAR SHORE. WE ARE OVER THE CONTINENTAL SHELF. SUNLIGHT REACHES MOST OF THE WAY TO THE BOTTOM. WE HAVE NUTRIENTS COMING IN FROM THE LAND. TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY ARE PRETTY CONSTANT FROM SURFACE TO BOTTOM. WITH THESE CONDITIONS.. IT SUPPORTS MANY TYPES OF ORGANISMS! IT IS THE MOST DIVERSE ENVIRONMENT THAN ANY WHERE ELSE IN THE OCEAN! WE FIND BACTERIA, PROTIST, PLANTS AND ANIMALS HERE. WE FIND A DELICATE AND COMPLEX FOODWEB HERE. ONE THAT YOU BECOME A PART OF WHEN YOU CONSUME FISH FROM THE OCEAN. NEAR SHORE IS WHER E THE MAJORITY OF FISH ARE CAUGHT. ANIMALS FOUND NEAR SHORE TWO IMPORTANT HABITATS ARE FOUND NEAR SHORE CORAL REEFS KELP FOREST CORAL REEFS FOUND IN WARM TROPICAL REGIONS MADE FROM LIMESTONE DEPOSITS BY LARGE ANT SIZED ORGANISMS CALLED CORAL. ONE OF THE LARGEST IS AUSTRALIAS GREAT BARRIER REEF MILES LONG, IT WOULD REACH THE DISTANCE OF CHICAGO TO SAN ANTONIO! CORAL NEED SUNLIGHT TO SURVIVE THATS WHY THEY ARE FOUND NEAR SHORE! CORAL REEFS HAVE A LARGE VARITY OF LIFE AND CAN BE COMPARED TO THE RAIN FOREST. 25 PERCENT OF THE OCEANS ORGANISMS ARE HERE. IN YOUR INB, RECORD SOME OF THE TYPES OF ORGANISMS YOU WILL FIND AT A CORAL REEF. ACTIVITY KELP FOREST FOUND IN COLD WATER A SEAWEED THAT ATTACHED TO THE SEA FLOOR. CAN GROW AS TALL AS 130 FEET! IS A PRODUCER BECAUSE. FOUND NEAR SHORE BECAUSE. WHAT KIND OF ANIMALS DO WE FIND HERE? RECORD YOUR RESPONSE IN INB. NOW WE MOVE TO THE OPEN OCEAN ENVIRONMENTS CHANGE WITH DEPTH TWO ZONES WE WILL LOOK AT: 1. SURFACE ZONE 2. DEEP ZONE WHAT DO YOU THINK DETERMINES THE SEPERATION OF THESE TWO ZONES? THERE IS NO PROTECTION FROM PREDATORS HERE! SURFACE ZONE IS THE TOP SUNLITE AREA THAT GOES DOWN 650 FEET. AT THE TOP WE FIND PHYTOPLANKTON. LIKE PLANTS THEY CONVERT SUN LIGHT AND CO2 INTO FOOD AND OXYGEN. IMPORTANT FACT! PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCES AS MUCH OXYGEN AS ALL THE PLANTS ON LAND! IMPORTANT SOURCE OF THE O2 WE BREATH! OCEAN FOOD WEB PHYTOPLANKTON -> ZOOPLANKTON -> SMALL FISH -> LARGE FISH WHALES ORGANISMS IN THE SURFACE ZONE NEED TO STAY AT THE TOP. HOW DO THEY DO THIS? TAKE THREE MINUTES AND TALK THIS OVER WITH THE PERSON NEXT TO YOU. RECORD IN YOUR INB. SURFACE ORGANISMS. LARGE SURFACE AREA SUCH AS PHYTOPLANKTON. SOME USE AIR BUBBLES OR OIL DROPLETS. MANY FISH HAVE AN AIR BLADDER. AN ORGAN THAT HELPS IT TO REGULATE DEPTH. REMEMBER THE ACTIVITY? DEEP ZONE DARK, COLD, AND FOUND UNDER THE SURFACE ZONE. WHAT ELSE HAPPENS AS YOU GO DEEPER INTO THE OCEAN? DEEP ZONE NO SUN LIGHT SO NO PLANTS WILL GROW HERE. ANIMALS HERE MUST EITHER EAT EACH OTHER OR OBJECTS FLOATING DOWN FROM THE TOP. GROUP WORK SOME ORGANISMS WERE FOUND AT THE VERY BOTTOM OF THE OCEAN.. WITH NO SUNLIGHT OR PLANTS TO GENRATE OXYGEN HOW DO THESE ORGANISMS GET OXYGEN? HOW DO FISH KEEP FROM BEING SEEN BY PREDATORS ABOVE AND BELOW THEM? PAGE C-129 READ AND DO THE ACTIVITY ON UNDERSEA HOT SPOTS. HOMEWORK ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-6 0N PAGE C-128.