interactive session

with

Prof Dr Edariah Abu Bakar Head of MEQAR & PARASITOLOGY

FMDH, UPNM Hotline: 107 333 4408

e-mail: edariah@gmail.com

the learning that results from the process

of working toward the understanding

or resolution of a problem.

Startpoint = a ‘problem’

(on PBL topic) (not a lecture!)

Prof Edariah

• ability to USE knowledge is more critical than

ability to store knowledge

Prof Edariah

• Acquire relevant Knowledge

• Develop useful Skills

• Emulate right Attitudes

• Pioneered by McMaster U (Medicine) • whole McMaster • other medical schools • non-medical professions:

- Health Sciences

- Non-Health

● Schools!

Prof Edariah

* focus on

reasoning

critical thinking

use / process knowledge

Prof Edariah

• thinking skills solve problems

Skills

Prof Edariah

• a process in which individuals take the initiative, with or without help to:

• recognize their own learning needs • formulate their own learning goals • identify their own learning resources • choose & implement their own learning strategies • evaluate their learning outcomes …Knowles, 1975

Prof Edariah

LEARNER ACTIVE

Skills Attitude

• team spirit/skills

• leadership skills

• communication skills

Prof Edariah

SMALL

group

☻Scribe (power of the pen!)

☻Members ☻Group leader ☻Facilitator

Prof Edariah resources

Problem situation (trigger)

Read-Discuss ASK QUESTIONS

ID problem Hypothesize Enquire

Learning Issues

Share knowledge (Present + Discuss)

Info search

ENQUIRY (SDL/DSL)

MechanismMapping MINITEST

Prof Edariah

problem situation

problem analysis (terms, clues)

IDENTIFY PROBLEM

generate hypotheses

enquiry (px, study)

review hypotheses

ANSWER questions ± solution of problem

enquiry (px, study)

Prof Edariah

Feraslah, a college student, was brought to the Emergency Unit of HKL because of abdominal pain.

On physical examination, Dr Kwek found her writhing in pain.

Her abdomen was tender in the right iliac fossa, especially at McBurney’s point. Other systems were normal.

Ask questions: What? Where? Why? How? etc?...

Feraslah, a college student, was brought to the Emergency Unit of HKL because of abdominal pain.

On physical examination, Dr Kwek found her writhing in pain.

Her abdomen was tender in the right iliac fossa, especially at McBurney’s point. Other systems were normal.

READ (aloud)

Prof Edariah

FACTS (case)

IDEAS (QUESTIONS,

problems,hypotheses…)

FILIchart

LEARNING ISSUES

Scribe

Prof Edariah

flipchart

FACTS

(case)

IDEAS

(Qs, problems, hypotheses,etc)

LEARNING ISSUES

- Feraslah

- student

- female

- 20s

- pain/abdomen

- tender RIF, esp McBurney’s point

- etc

PROBLEM:

Pain in abdomen - Pain: what? why? how?

- abdomen?

- organs in abdomen?

- RIF?

- McBurney’s point?

Why is px having pain?

HYPOTHESES:

? Infection

? Inflammation

? Tumor

Of organs in abd eg:

? stomach

? duodenum, small gut

?? pancreas, liver, ? etc

How do we feel pain?

(mechanism)

• new / review TERMS

• PAIN: - vs tender

- mechanism

• Diseases involving

abdominal organs

Step 1: Identify learning issues

Prof Edariah

………… Dr Kwek performed an appendectomy, where he had to cut through many layers of the abdominal wall to remove the offending organ.

The resected organ (Foto A) was sent to the Pathology Lab to confirm his clinical diagnosis.

The pathologist examined tissue sections of the organ (Foto B).

………… Dr Kwek performed an appendectomy, where he had to cut through many layers of the abdominal wall to remove the offending organ.

The resected organ (Foto A) was sent to the Pathology Lab to confirm his clinical diagnosis.

The pathologist examined tissue sections of the organ (Foto B).

READ Ask questions: What? Where? Why? How? etc?...

Prof Edariah

Foto A

Foto B

Prof Edariah Prof Edariah

1 ID learning issues

2 Seek knowledge

3 Share knowledge

Prof Edariah

4 Mind Map & Assessment

FACTS

(case)

IDEAS

(problems, hypotheses,etc)

LEARNING ISSUES

- Feraslah

- student

- female

- 20s

- pain/abdomen

- tender RIF, esp McBurney’s point

- etc

Problem:

Pain in abdomen - Pain: what? why? how?

- abdomen?

- organs in abdomen

- RIF?

- McBurney’s point?

Hypotheses:

? Where is source of pain:

? organs in abd eg:

? stomach

? duodenum, small gut

? large gut

? pancreas, ? etc

How is pain caused?

(mechanism)

•TERMS

•PAIN: - vs tender

- mechanism

•ABDOMEN: - ? what

- surface anatomy – ? organs/structures

- ? RIF

- ? McBurney’s point

Step 1: Identify Learning Issues

Prof Edariah

Ezry

Aida

Nurul

Shimri Fara

Elan Nani

Step 2: Seek knowledge (SDL)

SHARE load of seeking knowledge

USE your RESOURCES: • library: books, journals • internet • seniors • subject experts • etc

Men in Black learning from Girls in Brown

Peer Teaching in PBL

Step 3: Share knowledge

Prof Edariah

Step 4: Mechanism Mapping Minitest & Feedback

Prof Edariah

Eg by expert Eg by students

PBL: STUDENT EVALUATION GUIDELINES

Mark

(0-2)

A: ATTENDANCE AND PUNCTUALITY

2 Present and punctual / early

1 Present but slightly late (1-10 minutes)

0 Present but very late (more than 10 minutes)

0 Absent without reason /acceptable reason ( fails PBL/SGS/ECE)

- Absent with acceptable reason (MC / letter to HOD)

Mark

(1-8)

B: PARTICIPATION / DISCUSSION

0 No verbal participation (even after prompting) & NOT interested eg sleeping.

(Make sure student is NOT SICK)

1-2 No verbal participation (even after prompting) but shows interest.

(Make sure student is NOT SICK)

3 Inappropriate participation (bad attitude eg disruptive / arrogant / rude / etc) – NOT

typical of UPNM students.

4

(pass)

Some participation on prompting only.

5-7 Moderate - Active Participation

8

(perfect

score)

Only in EXCEPTIONAL cases (PERFECT SCORE!)

Failure is mainly due to BAD ATTITUDE (absent / bad behavior)

Avoid giving PERFECT mark (except in EXCEPTIONAL cases)

Avoid FRACTIONS (eg ¼ or 0.5 mk)

Prof Edariah

PBL Discussion + Minitest => n% of CTX

DISCUSSION (Sessions 1 & 2)

A. ATTENDANCE & PUNCTUALITY = 2 marks (max)

B. PARTICIPATION / DISCUSSION = 8 marks (max)

A. TFQ (True/False Q) = 5-10 Q

MINITEST (10-15 MCQs) (Session 3)

B. ARQ (Assertion & Reasoning Q) = 0 – 5

C. BRQ (Best Response Q) = 0-5

FAILURE mainly due to BAD ATTITUDE

Prof Edariah

STUDENT FEEDBACK

Routine Activity

Prof Edariah

Q-forms

• Conventional * PBL • ROTE learning * THINKING

memorizing understanding • teacher-fed * student-discovery

via lectures via problems • teacher student * dynamic team work teacher-active student-active • teacher-dependent * self-reliant • teachers dictate * teachers facilitate • LARGE group * small group

Prof Edariah

• PBL = powerful tool for students to learn: - how to learn }

- how to think } to - how to be independent } SURVIVE & - how to work in a team } THRIVE - how to communicate }

● Needs a facilitator (not a spoonfeeder)

• Needs commitment from every player

Prof Edariah

Can YOU rise up to the CHALLENGE ?

Prof Edariah

The only STUPID question

is the question NOT ASKED!

Dr Green of ER

There’s no such thing as

a stupid question…

Prof Edariah