Concept of God in Major Religions - IslamHouse.com...Concept of God in Major Religions Edited by...
Transcript of Concept of God in Major Religions - IslamHouse.com...Concept of God in Major Religions Edited by...
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In the Name of Allah,the Most Gracious,the Most Merciful.
tvGefw&moem;Muifem n§mwmawmfrlaom?tvGefw&moem;Muifem n§mwmawmfrlaom?tvGefw&moem;Muifem n§mwmawmfrlaom?tvGefw&moem;Muifem n§mwmawmfrlaom?tvGefw&moem;Muifem n§mwmawmfrlaom?
txl;oem;awmfrlaom?txl;oem;awmfrlaom?txl;oem;awmfrlaom?txl;oem;awmfrlaom?txl;oem;awmfrlaom?
tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\emrawmfjzifhtpjyKygtHh/tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\emrawmfjzifhtpjyKygtHh/tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\emrawmfjzifhtpjyKygtHh/tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\emrawmfjzifhtpjyKygtHh/tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\emrawmfjzifhtpjyKygtHh/
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B.A(Geo;), B. Ed, M.Ed, Ph.D (Edn)(Tsukuba University, Janpan),Diploma in Daiyah (Al-Azahar)
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B.A(Geo;), B. Ed, M.Ed, Ph.D (Edn)(Tsukuba University, Janpan),
Diploma in Daiyah (Al-Azahar)
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q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
Concept of Godin
Major Religions
Edited byMaulawi Muhammad Yasinn Bin Badi-ul-Huseinn
AuthorDr. Zakir Naik
President, Islamic Research FoundationMumbai, India
www.irf.net
Translated byDr. Hla Hla Win
B.A(Geo;), B.Ed, MEd, Ph.D (Edn)(Tsukuba University, Japan),
Diploma in Daiyah (Al-Azahar, Yangon)
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12
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a'gufwmvSvS0if;
vufaxmufuxdu? oifjyenf;Xme?
&efukefynma&;wuúodkvf/
B.A(Geo), B.Ed, M.Ed, Ph.D (Edn)
(Tsukuba University, Japan)
Diploma in Daiyah (Al-Azahar)
14-6-2005
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13
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8
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14
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ه�ذا--- و�� ا����م ���ل ا� ���� أن � ز��� ا�� ا����� و �� �� &� ه%ي ا�"��ب ا�" �� و ا���� ا��!���. ا�' ()ا�
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a'gufwmvSvS0if;
vufaxmufuxdu? oifjyenf;Xme?
&efukefynma&;wuúodkvf/
B.A(Geo), B.Ed, M.Ed, Ph.D (Edn)
(Tsukuba University, Japan)
Diploma in Daiyah (Al-Azahar)
14-6-2005
15
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16
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w&m;rsm;ESifh qD;rdkufr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;[lí tkyfpkcGJEdkifygonf/
qD;rdkufr[kwfaombmomw&m;udk tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;ESifh tm&d,mef
r[kwfaombmomw&m;[lí xyfrHcGJjcm;Edkifygonf/
qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;
qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;[lonfrSm qD;rdkufvlrsdK;rsm; tMum;wGif
tajcjyKay:xGef;cJhonfh bmomw&m;rsm;udk qdkvdkonf/ or®musrf;t&?
wrefawmfEl[fwGif &Srf;(rf) [laom om;awmfwpfyg;&Sd\/ xdkom;awmf&Srf;(rf)rS
qif;oufvmaom rsdK;EG,frsm;udk qD;rdkuf[kac:wGifaMumif; od&\/ xdkYaMumifh
qD;rd kufbmomw&m;rsm;rSm qD;rd kufrsd K;EG,frsm;jzpfonfh *sL;? tm&yf?
tqD;&D;,ef;ESifh zdk;eD;&Sef;paom vlrsdK;EG,frsm;tMum;wGif tajcjyKay:xGef;cJhaom
bmom w&m;rsm;jzpfonf/ ,if;wdkY teuf t"dubmomBuD;rsm;rSm *sL;bmom?
c&pf,mefbmomESifh tpövmrfbmomw&m;rsm; jzpfonf/ þbmomw&m;
rsm;tm;vHk;onf xm0& udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ vrf;ñTefw&m;rsm;udk xdkt&Sif\
vlom; apwrefrsm;rSwpfqifh vufcH&&Sdonf[k ,HkMunfMuaom? wrefawmfrsm;
ESifhqdkifaombmomw&m;rsm; jzpfonf/
18
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
qD;rdkufr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;qD;rdkufr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;qD;rdkufr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;qD;rdkufr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;qD;rdkufr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;
qD;rdkufr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;udk tm&d,efESifh tm&d,efr[kwfaom
bmomw&m;rsm;[lí xyfrHcGJjcm; Edkifygonf/
tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;
tm&d,efbmom[lonfrSm bDpD (2000) rS (1500)tMum; tD&efEdkifiHESifh
tdEd´,EdkifiHajrmufydkif;a'orsm;wGif ysHESHYaexdkifMuukefaom tif'dk-Oa&my
bmompum;rsm;udkajymonhf tiftm;BuD;rsdK;EG,frsm;Mum;wGif tpjyKay:
xGef;cJhaom bmomw&m;rsm;jzpfonf/
tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;udk a0'ESifha0'r[kwfaom bmomw&m;
rsm;[lí xyfqifhcGJjcm;Edkifygonf/ a0'bmomw&m;ukd [dE´Lt,l0g' (0g)
jA[®P0g'[k rqDavQmfpGm trnfay;jcif;cH&onf/ a0'r[kwfaom
bmomrsm;rSm qpf(cf)0g'? Ak'¨0g'? *sdef;0g' ponfwdkY jzpfonf/ tm;vHk;aom
tm&d,efbmomrsm;rSm wrefawmfrsm;ESifh roufqdkifaom bmomrsm; jzpfonf/
Zdk½d ktufpx&D,ef0g'rSm (Zoroastrianism)onf tm&d,efbmom
wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ a0'r[kwfaombmom jzpfonf/ [dE´L0g'ESifh vHk;0
qufpyfrIr&Sday/ ,if;bmomudkvnf; wrefawmfrsm;ESifhoufqdkifaom
bmomwpfckjzpfonf[k tcdkiftrmqdkaeMuayonf/
tm&d,efr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;tm&d,efr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;tm&d,efr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;tm&d,efr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;tm&d,efr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;
tm&d,efr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;rSm uGJjym;aomtaMumif;t&if;cH
rsm;udk tajcjyKí ay:xGef;vmcJhMuonf/ uGefjzL;&SyfESifh wmtdk0g'rSm
w½kwfjynfwGif ay:xGef;cJhNyD; ]&Sifwdk0g'}rSm *syefjynfwGif ay:aygufvmcJh
ygonf/ rsm;pGmaom tm&d,efr[kwfonfh bmomw&m;rsm;wGif ]xm0&
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} [laomtodonm r&Sdyg/ ,if; bmomw&m;rsm;udk bmom
[kac:qdkonfxuf vlrIusifh0wfqdkif&m pnf;urf;pepfrsm;[kqdkygu ydkrdk
oifhavsmfayrnf/
19
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
bmomw&m;wdkif;wGif vufcHxm;aom ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}qdkif&m
tcdkifvHkqHk;aom t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsuf
bmomw&m;wpfcku twnfjyKvufcH ,HkMunfxm;onfh ]udk;uG,f&m
t&Sif} [laomtodonmudk xdkbmom0ifrsm;\ vdkufemusifhoHk;rIrsm;tm;
Munfh,Hkjzifh tuJjzwfowfrSwfír&Edkifay/ rsm;pGmaombmomw&m;rsm;rSmyif
bmom0ifrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\usrf;*efrsm;wGif azmfjyxm;onfh ]xm0&udk;uG,f
&mt&Sif} [laom todonmtppfudk vspfvsLjyKavh&SdMuonfrSm tawmf
av;wlnDaeaomtcsuf jzpfonf/ odk Yjzpfí bmomw&m;toD;oD;u
vufcHxm;aom ]xm0& udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} [laompum;\ todonmudk
oufqdkif&m bmomtoD;oD;\ pmayusrf;*efrsm;rS wpfqifhqef;ppfavhvmrI
jyKoGm;rSomvQif ydkíoifhavsmfayrnf/
urÇmht"dubmomBuD;rsm;\ ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} [laom todonmudk?
oufqdkif&mbmomtoD;oD;\ usrf;*efrsm;wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif;
qef;ppfMunfhoGm;Mujcif;jzifh em;vnfatmif avhvmMuygpdkY/
[dELbmomwGifvufcHxm;aom ]]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}}
tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;teuf [dE´Lbmomonf txif&Sm;qHk;
bmomjzpfonf/ trSefpifppf ][dE´L} [laom pum;rSm yg&Sef;pum;jzpfNyD;
tdE´Kjrpf0Srf;tvGefwGif tajccsaexdkifMuolrsm;[k t"dyÜm,f&onf/ odkYaomf
[dE´L0g'onf trsdK;rsdK;aom bmoma&;,HkMunfcsufrsm;udk &nfñTef;onfh
jcHKiHktoHk;jyKEdkifaom a0g[m&jzpfaeayonf/ [dE´L0g'[k ac:qdkEdkifaom
t,l0g'trsm;tjym;&Sdonfhteuf a0'? OyedoQ'fESifh b*0g*Dw paom
usrf;rsm;udk tajccHí ,HkMunfMuukefaom [dELbmomt,ltqrsm;rSm ydkí
xif&Sm;onf/
[dELbmomwGif vufcHxm;aom[dELbmomwGif vufcHxm;aom[dELbmomwGif vufcHxm;aom[dELbmomwGif vufcHxm;aom[dELbmomwGif vufcHxm;aom
]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laom bHktodonm ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laom bHktodonm ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laom bHktodonm ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laom bHktodonm ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laom bHktodonm
[dE´Lbmomonf a,bk,stm;jzifh wpfyg;ruaom ewfbk&m;rsm;udk
vufcHudk;uG,faom (A[kemx0g')bmom jzpfonf/ rsm;pGmaom [dE´L
bmom0ifrsm;u rdrdwdkYonf trSefwpfu,fyif ewfbk&m;tajrmuftjrm;udk
,HkMunf udk;uG,fMuaMumif; tcdkiftrmajymqdkcsufuyif [dE´L0g'onf
A[kemx0g'jzpfaMumif;ud k oufaocHaeayonf/ tcs d K Uaom[dE´L
20
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
bmom0ifrsm;onf bk&m;oHk;ql&Sdonf[k tcdkiftrm ,HkMunfMuaomfvnf;?
tcsdKUaom [dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;u bk&m;aygif;oef; (330) &S donf[k
,HkMunfMuonf/ odkYaomf [dE´Lbmoma&;qdkif&m pmayusrf;*efrsm;wwf
ajrmufukefolwdk Yurl? [dE´Lbmom0ifwpfOD;taeESifh wpfqlwnf;aom
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif (0g) wpfqlwnf;aom bk&m;&Sifudkom ,HkMunfoifhaMumif;
tcdkiftrm ajymqdkcJhMuayonf/
[dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;ESifh tpövmrfbmom0if rGwfpvifrfrsm;tMum;
]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}ESifhywfoufí t"duuGJjym;jcm;em;aom t,ltqrSm? [dEL
bmom0ifrsm;onf obm0avmuwGif &Sd&SdorQt&mcyfodrf;udk udk;uG,f&m
t&Siftjzpf udk;uG,fjcif;yifjzpfonf/þt,l0g't& obm0avmuwGif
&Sd&SdorQaomouf&Sd? oufrJht&mcyfodrf;udk jrifhjrwfonf? udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\
"mwfudef;0yfaeonfh udk;uG,f&mrsm;[k ,HkMunfaeMuonf/ xdkYaMumifhyif [dEL
bmom0ifrsm;onf opfyif? ae? v? wd&pämefrsm;ESifh vlom;rsm;onf udk;uG,f&m
t&Sifuudk,fxifjyaomt&mrsm;qdkNyD; ,HkMunfxm;Muonf/ xdkYaMumifh
[dELbmom0ifrsm;twGuf t&m&monf ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} jzpfaeayonf/
txufygt,ltqESifh qefYusifaomoabmudk tpövmrfbmom
wGifawGU&onf/ tpövmrfu vlom;rsm;tm; ¤if;wdkYudk,fwdkifESifhywf0ef;usif&Sd
ouf&SdoufrJht&m tm;vHk;udk udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ udk,fxifjycsuf[k r,HkMunf
apbJ? udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ tzefqif;cHrsm;tjzpfom qifjcif,HkMunfMu&ef
wdkufwGef;xm;ayonf/ xdk YaMumifh rGwfpvifrfrsm;u t&m&mwdkif;udk
udk;uG,f&mt&Sifu ydkifqdkifonf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\
[kqkdvdkygonf)/ wpfenf;tm;jzifhqdkaomf rGwfpvifrfrsm;taeESifh t&m
cyfodrf;rSm udk;uG,f&mt&Sif ydkifqdkifonfomjzpfonf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/
opfyifyef;yifrsm;? ae? v? eu©wfwm&mrsm;ESifh þpMu0VmtwGif;&Sd ouf&Sd
oufrJht&mcyfodrf;onf udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ ydkifqdkif&mt&mrsm;omjzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh rGwfpvifrfESifh [dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;\ ,HkMunfcsufrsm;tMum;
t"duuGJjym;jcm;em;csufrSm ]\} [laom pum;vHk;av;om jzpfonf/
[dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;u t&mcyfodrf;udk udk;uG,f&mbk&m;[kqdkMuonf/
rGwfpvifrfrsm;url t&mcyfodrf;onf udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ ydkifqdkif&mrsm;[k
qdkonf/ xdkYaMumifh ]udk;uG,f&mt&SifESif h} ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\}]udk;uG,f&mt&SifESif h} ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\}]udk;uG,f&mt&SifESif h} ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\}]udk;uG,f&mt&SifESif h} ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\}]udk;uG,f&mt&SifESif h} ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\} [laom
21
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
t,ltqomvQif jcm;em;aeygonf/xdkYaMumifh usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif ]toif
wdk Yonf toifwdk YESif h uREfkyftMum;ü (tm;vHk;vufcHxm;onfh) wlnD
aompum;bufodkYvmMuukef/ (xdkpum;onfum;) igwdkYonf tv’m[f
t&SifjrwfrSwpfyg; tjcm;udk;uG,f&mrsm;udk ,HkMunf udk;uG,fjcif;rjyKyg}[k
azmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
odk Y jzpfí? [dE´LESif htpövmrfbmomqdkif&m usrf;*efrsm;udk cG J jcrf;
pdwfjzmqef;ppfavhvmjcif;tm;jzifh? xdkbmomBuD; ESpfck\ bHkwlnDcsufrsm;udk
&SmazGqef;ppfavhvmMunfhMuygpdkY/
b*0g*Dw
[dE´Lbmoma&;qdkif&m pmayusrf;*ef trsm;tjym;teuf ]b*0g*Dw}
[laomusrf;rSm txif&Sm;qHk;jzpfonf/ tqdkygusrf;vm atmufygpmydk'fudk
avhvmqef;ppfoGm;ygrnf/
]]todÓPfudk ½kyf0w¦KwyfrufrIqErsm;jzifh cdk;,l (vTrf;rdk;) jcif;cH& olwkdYonf bk&m;ryD&mrsm;okdY
rdrdwk d Yud k,f rdrdwkd Y tyfESif;avh&S dMuNyD; ¤if;wdk Y obm0tavsmuf udk;uG,f qnf;uyf&m
oD;jcm;pnf;rsOf;Oya' orsm;udk vdkufemavh &SdMuonf/}} (b*0g*Dw 7;20)
þusrf;ydk'f(*Dw)onf ½kyf0g'Drsm;udk &nfñTef;NyD; ¤if;wdkYonf udk;uG,f&m
t&Sif tppftrSefr[kwfaom bk&m;rrnf&mrsm;udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfjcif;
omjzpfaMumif; qdkvdkygonf/
OyedoQ'f
OyedoQ'fusrf;rsm;onfvnf; [dELbmomqdkif&m jrifhjrwfaomusrf;rsm;[k
rSwf,ljcif;cH&aomusrf;*efrsm; jzpfonf/ OyedoQ'fusrf;rsm;rSatmufazmfjyyg
usrf;ydk'frsm;udk avhvmMunfhMuygpdkY/
(1) ]xdkt&Sifonf 'kwd,ajrmufr&Sdaomwpfqlwnf;aomt&Sifjzpfonf/
[Chandogya Upanishad 6:2:1]
(2) OyedoQ'fusrf;rS atmufazmfjyyg usrf;ydk'frsm;udk oHk;oyf qifjcifyg/
]t&SifhrSm rdbvnf; r&Sd/ t&Sifocifvnf;r&Sd/} [Svetasavatara Upanishad 6:9]
(3) OyedoQ'fusrf;rS atmufazmfjyyg usrf;ydk'frsm;udk oHk;oyf qifjcifyg/
22
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
]]t&SifESifhwlaomt&mr&Sd/}} [Svetasavatara Upanishad 4:19]
]]t&SifESifhwlaomt&mr&Sd/t&Sif\trnfrSm teEÅbkef;awmf&Sifjzpfonf/}}
[The Principal Upanishad ----]
txufazmfjyyg usrf;pmydk'frsm;udk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ atmufazmfjyyg
usrf;pmydk'frsm;ESifh EIdif;,SOfavhvmyg/
������ ������ � ���� �
xkdt&SifjrwfESif h wlaomt&m[líum; rnfonfhwpfpH kxk dt&SifjrwfESif h wlaomt&m[líum; rnfonfhwpfpH kxk dt&SifjrwfESif h wlaomt&m[líum; rnfonfhwpfpH kxk dt&SifjrwfESif h wlaomt&m[líum; rnfonfhwpfpH kxk dt&SifjrwfESif h wlaomt&m[líum; rnfonfhwpfpH k
wpf&mrQyifr&SdNyD/ (uk&ftmef? 42;11)wpf&mrQyifr&SdNyD/ (uk&ftmef? 42;11)wpf&mrQyifr&SdNyD/ (uk&ftmef? 42;11)wpf&mrQyifr&SdNyD/ (uk&ftmef? 42;11)wpf&mrQyifr&SdNyD/ (uk&ftmef? 42;11)
������ ���� ��� ���� ������
xdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlol[lívnf; wpfOD;wpfa,mufxdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlol[lívnf; wpfOD;wpfa,mufxdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlol[lívnf; wpfOD;wpfa,mufxdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlol[lívnf; wpfOD;wpfa,mufxdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlol[lívnf; wpfOD;wpfa,muf
rQyifr&S d NyD/rQyifr&S d NyD/rQyifr&S d NyD/rQyifr&S d NyD/rQyifr&S d NyD/ (uk&ftmef 112;4)(uk&ftmef 112;4)(uk&ftmef 112;4)(uk&ftmef 112;4)(uk&ftmef 112;4)
(4) vlom;taeESifh udk;uG,f&mt&Sifudk wdusaomyHkyef; oP²mefwpfckESifh
awG;jrifrSef;qEdkifpGrf;r&SdaMumif;udk OyedoQ'f usrf;rSatmufazmfjyygpmydk'frsm;t&
od&SdEdkifayonf/
]xdkt&Sif\ yHkyef;o@mefudk jrifEdkifpGrf;r&Sdyg/ xdkt&Sifudk rnfolrQrsufvHk;rsm;jzifh
jrifbl;jcif; r&Sdyg/ pdwfESvHk;rsm;ESifh cHpm;em;vnfEdkifpGrf;&Sdaomolrsm;onfom olUudk
odjrifEdkifNyD;? xdkuJhodkY aom vlom;\ESvHk;om;rsm;wGifom udef;0yf pHy,fawmfrlaom
tpOfxm0& wnf&Sdawmf rlaomt&Sifjzpfonf/}
[Svetasavatara Upanishad 4:20]
þtcsufESifh ywfoufí usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGifvnf; atmufyg
tm,offawmfu ñTefjyxm;ayonf/
�������� ���� �� ������ ��������� �������� ������ ��������� ���������� ! ]]tjriftm½Hkrsm;onf xdkt&Sifjrwftm; (pdwfiHk) rdEdkifonf]]tjriftm½Hkrsm;onf xdkt&Sifjrwftm; (pdwfiHk) rdEdkifonf]]tjriftm½Hkrsm;onf xdkt&Sifjrwftm; (pdwfiHk) rdEdkifonf]]tjriftm½Hkrsm;onf xdkt&Sifjrwftm; (pdwfiHk) rdEdkifonf]]tjriftm½Hkrsm;onf xdkt&Sifjrwftm; (pdwfiHk) rdEdkifonf
r[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif xdkt&SifjrwfrSmum; tjriftm½Hkrsm;udkr[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif xdkt&SifjrwfrSmum; tjriftm½Hkrsm;udkr[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif xdkt&SifjrwfrSmum; tjriftm½Hkrsm;udkr[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif xdkt&SifjrwfrSmum; tjriftm½Hkrsm;udkr[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif xdkt&SifjrwfrSmum; tjriftm½Hkrsm;udk
(pdwfiH k)iH krdvsuf &Sdawmfrlacsonf/ pifppfaomfum; xdk(pdwfiH k)iH krdvsuf &Sdawmfrlacsonf/ pifppfaomfum; xdk(pdwfiH k)iH krdvsuf &Sdawmfrlacsonf/ pifppfaomfum; xdk(pdwfiH k)iH krdvsuf &Sdawmfrlacsonf/ pifppfaomfum; xdk(pdwfiH k)iH krdvsuf &Sdawmfrlacsonf/ pifppfaomfum; xdk
t&Sifjrwfonf tvGefeufeJ odrfarGYwmfrlaomt&Sifjrwft&Sifjrwfonf tvGefeufeJ odrfarGYwmfrlaomt&Sifjrwft&Sifjrwfonf tvGefeufeJ odrfarGYwmfrlaomt&Sifjrwft&Sifjrwfonf tvGefeufeJ odrfarGYwmfrlaomt&Sifjrwft&Sifjrwfonf tvGefeufeJ odrfarGYwmfrlaomt&Sifjrwf
23
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
t&mcyfodrf;udk vTrf;NcHKodawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrlt&mcyfodrf;udk vTrf;NcHKodawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrlt&mcyfodrf;udk vTrf;NcHKodawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrlt&mcyfodrf;udk vTrf;NcHKodawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrlt&mcyfodrf;udk vTrf;NcHKodawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrl
ayonf/}}ayonf/}}ayonf/}}ayonf/}}ayonf/}} (uk&ftmef 6;103) (uk&ftmef 6;103) (uk&ftmef 6;103) (uk&ftmef 6;103) (uk&ftmef 6;103)
a0'usrf;rsm;
a0'usrf;rsm;onf [dE´Lusrf;*efrsm;teuf tjrifhjrwfqHk;usrf;rsm;[k
owfrSwfjcif;cH&aomusrf;rsm; jzpfonf/ a0'av;rsdK;&Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm
,m*sK;a0'? &pf*fa0'? &Srfa0' ESifh tom&fa0'usrf;rsm;jzpfonf/
1/ ,m*sL;a0' (,*ka0')
(1) ,m*sL;a0'usrf;rsm;rS atmufazmfjyygpmydk'fudk pOf;pm; oHk;oyf qifjcif
Munfhyg/
]xdkt&SifrSm ykHo@mefr&Sdyg/} [Yajurveda 32:3]
,if;usrf;wGif qufvufazmfjyonfrSm-
]olonfrnfol\ arG;zGm;jcif;rQrcH&yg/ olomvQif uREfkyfwdk Y\udk;uG,fjcif;udk
cH,lxdkufygonf/}
]]t&Sif\wefcdk;awmfrSm teEjåzpfNyD;t&SifhrSm yHkyef; o@mef(½kyfoGif)r&Sdyg/ t&Sifonf
NyD;jynfhpHkawmfrlí aeuJhodkYaom xGef;vif;awmufyonfh t&mtm;vHk; udkvnf;
xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufawmfrl\/ xdkt&Sifonf uREfkyftm; ab;Oy'fa&mufaprnf
r[kwfyg/ þonfrSm uREfkyf\ &Sdcdk;ylaZmfrIjzpfonf/ t&Sifonf arG;zGm;jcif;udk
rcH&aomaMumifh t&SifomvQifuREfkyfwdkY\ udk;uG,fjcif; udk cH,lxdkufawmfrlyg\/}}
[The Yajur veda by Devi Chand M.A-pg.377]
(2) ]t&SifhrSm cE¨mr&Sdyg/ t&SifonfoefY&Sif;pifMu,f ygonf/}
[Yajur veda 40:8]
]xd kt&Sifonf vif;0if;awmufyrI&S d jcif;? cE¨mr&S d? tjypftemtqmr&S d?
tukodkvftnpftaMu;r&Sd? tvGefw&m oefY&Sif;pifMu,fawmfrlaom t&SifjzpfNyD;
t&Sifhudk rnfonfh raumif;aom tiftm;pk (raumif; qdk;0g;)urQ xdk;azmuf
zsufqD;EdkifpGrf;r&Sdyg/ tjrifus,f aom? ÓPftajrmftjrifESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaom?
vTrf;jcHKEdkifaom? rdrdbmom&yfwnfEdkifaom? t&Sifonf xm0&ESpfumvrsm;twGuf
24
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
avsmfuefaom awmif;qkd csufrsm;twkdif;&nf&G,fcsufrsm;jyXmef;awmfrl\/}
[Yajur veda 40:8] [Yajur veda samhita by Ralph I.H. Griffith pg-
538]
(3) ,m*sL;a0'usrf;awmfwGif atmufygwdkYudkvnf; azmfjyxm;ayonf/
]obm0w&m;wGif&S daom t&m0w¬Krsm; Oyrm-av? a&? rD; ponfwdk Yud k
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfMu olwdkYonf tarSmifxktwGif;odkY 0ifMuavonf/ qrÁKwdudk
ukd;uG,fqnf;uyfMuolrsm;onf tarSmifxk twGif; euf½dIif;pGm epfrGef;Muavonf/
qrÁKwd [lonfrSm tzefqif;cHt&mrsm; (Oyrm-pm;yGJ? xdkifcHk? ½kyfxkrsm; ponf)udk
qdkvdkonf/} [Yajur veda 40: 9]
(4) bk&m;&Sdcdk;onfhtcg &Gwfqdkonfhawmif;qkawmf wpfckwGifvnff;
]]uREf kyfwdk Ytm; rSefuefaomvrf;aMumif;odk Y vrf;ñTefawmfrlyg/ xdkvrf;rSefrS
cRwfacsmfwdrf;yg;aprnfh tjypfudkvnf; y,f&Sm;ay;awmfrlyg/}}
[Yajur veda chapter 40: 16]
2/ to&fAa0'
to&fAa0'usrf;rS atmufygpmydk'fudk avhvmyg/
(1) ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf trSefyif BuD;us,fygonf/} [Atharva veda 20 58:3]
{uefpifppf? ol&d,(aerif;)? t&Sifonf jrifhjrwfvSyg\/ tm'd, (vrif;)
{ueftrSef BuD;us,fjrifhjrwfvSyg\/ t&Sif\BuD;us,frIudk tm;usav;pm;
ygonf/
]tdk-t&Sif/t&Sifonfum; trSefwu,fBuD;us,f jrifhjrwfawmfrlygonf/}
(Atharvaveda Samhiti Vol.2 William Dmight Whitney pg.910)
txufygusrf;pmydk'fESifh tvm;wlazmfjycsufudk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef
pl&m[f&tf'fwGif atmufygtwdkif; azmfjy xm;avonf/
���������� ��� ��� ������������ ������� ������
]]]]]xd kt&Sifjrwfonf (owå0gtaygif;) rjrifEd kifaomt&mrsm;xdkt&Sifjrwfonf (owå0gtaygif;) rjrifEd kifaomt&mrsm;xdkt&Sifjrwfonf (owå0gtaygif;) rjrifEd kifaomt&mrsm;xdkt&Sifjrwfonf (owå0gtaygif;) rjrifEd kifaomt&mrsm;xdkt&Sifjrwfonf (owå0gtaygif;) rjrifEd kifaomt&mrsm;
udkvnf;aumif;? jrifEdkifaomt&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;?(wpfenf;)udkvnf;aumif;? jrifEdkifaomt&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;?(wpfenf;)udkvnf;aumif;? jrifEdkifaomt&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;?(wpfenf;)udkvnf;aumif;? jrifEdkifaomt&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;?(wpfenf;)udkvnf;aumif;? jrifEdkifaomt&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;?(wpfenf;)
25
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
vQdKU0Sufaeaomt&mrsm;ud kvnf;aumif;? xif&Sm;íaeaomvQdKU0Sufaeaomt&mrsm;ud kvnf;aumif;? xif&Sm;íaeaomvQdKU0Sufaeaomt&mrsm;ud kvnf;aumif;? xif&Sm;íaeaomvQdKU0Sufaeaomt&mrsm;ud kvnf;aumif;? xif&Sm;íaeaomvQdKU0Sufaeaomt&mrsm;ud kvnf;aumif;? xif&Sm;íaeaom
t&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? odawmfrlaomt&Sif? (tvHk;pHkwdkYxuf)t&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? odawmfrlaomt&Sif? (tvHk;pHkwdkYxuf)t&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? odawmfrlaomt&Sif? (tvHk;pHkwdkYxuf)t&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? odawmfrlaomt&Sif? (tvHk;pHkwdkYxuf)t&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? odawmfrlaomt&Sif? (tvHk;pHkwdkYxuf)
BuD;uJawmfrlaomt&Sif? jrifhjrwfawmfrlaomt&Sif? jzpfawmfrlayBuD;uJawmfrlaomt&Sif? jrifhjrwfawmfrlaomt&Sif? jzpfawmfrlayBuD;uJawmfrlaomt&Sif? jrifhjrwfawmfrlaomt&Sif? jzpfawmfrlayBuD;uJawmfrlaomt&Sif? jrifhjrwfawmfrlaomt&Sif? jzpfawmfrlayBuD;uJawmfrlaomt&Sif? jrifhjrwfawmfrlaomt&Sif? jzpfawmfrlay
ownf;/ownf;/ownf;/ownf;/ownf;/}}}}} (uk&ftmef 13;9)(uk&ftmef 13;9)(uk&ftmef 13;9)(uk&ftmef 13;9)(uk&ftmef 13;9)
3/ &pf*fa0'3/ &pf*fa0'3/ &pf*fa0'3/ &pf*fa0'3/ &pf*fa0'
(1) a0'usrf;rsm;teuf a&S;tusqHk;usrf;rSm &pf*fa0'usrf;jzpfonf/ xdkYjyif
[dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;twGuf tjrifhjrwfqHk;usrf;rsm;[kvnf; ,HkMunfvufcH
xm;Muonf/ &pf*fa0'usrf;rsm;t&
]]ynm&S d (y@dw)rsm;onf ud k;uG,f&mt&Sifwpfqltm; trnfrsm;pGmESif h
ac:a0:Muonf/}} [Rig veda 1:164:46)]
&pf*fa0'usrf;rsm;wGif udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ *kPf&nfawmfrsm;udk (33)rsdK;
xufrenf; azmfjyxm;onfhteuf &pf*fa0'usrf; twGJ (2)? tydk'f(3)wGif
azmfjyxm;onfh *kPf&nfawmfwpfckrSm ]jAm[®} jzpfonf/ ]jAm[®}\ t"dyÜm,f
rSm ]zefqif;&Sif}jzpfonf/ þa0g[m&udk tm&ADbmomodkY jyefqdkygu ]cgvpfuf}[k
t"dyÜm,f&ygonf/ teEÅbkef;wefcdk;ESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaom udk;uG,f&mt&Sifudk
]cgvpf(uf)} (odkY) ]]zefqif;&Sif} (odkY) ]jAm[®} rnfodkYyif&nfñTef;ac:a0: orkwf
ygap/ rGwfpvifrfrsm;twGuf uefYuGufp&mtaMumif;t&if; wpfpHkwpf&mr&Sdyg/
odkYaomf rGwfpvifrfrsm;twGuf acgif;av;vHk;&Sdonfh jAm[®BuD;udk bke;fawmf
BuD;jrwfaom? teEÅ wefcdk;&Sif?udk;uG,f&mt&Sif[líum; wdwdususvufrcHEdkif
yg/ þtcsufESifhywfoufí rGwfpvifrfrsm;\ ,HkMunfrIwGif >cif;csuf&Sdayonf/
]]t&Sif\wefcdk;awmfrSm teEjåzpfNyD;t&SifhrSm yHkyef; o@mef(½kyfoGif)r&Sdyg/ t&Sifonf
NyD;jynfhpHkawmfrlí aeuJhodkYaom xGef;vif;awmufyonfh t&mtm;vHk; udkvnf;
xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufawmfrl\/ xdkt&Sifonf uREfkyftm; ab;Oy'fa&mufaprnf
r[kwfyg/ þonfrSm uREfkyf\ &Sdcdk;ylaZmfrIjzpfonf/ t&Sifonf arG;zGm;jcif;udk
rcH&aomaMumifh t&SifomvQifuREfkyfwdkY\ udk;uG,fjcif; udk cH,lxdkufawmfrlyg\/
[The Yajur veda by Devi Chand M.A-pg.377]
(2) ]t&SifhrSm cE¨mr&Sdyg/ t&SifonfoefY&Sif;pifMu,f ygonf/}
[Yajur veda 40:8]
]xd kt&Sifonf vif;0if;awmufyrI&S d jcif;? cE¨mr&S d? tjypftemtqmr&S d?
26
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
tukodkvftnpftaMu;r&Sd? tvGefw&m oefY&Sif;pifMu,fawmfrlaom t&SifjzpfNyD;
t&Sifhudk rnfonfh raumif;aom tiftm;pk (raumif; qdk;0g;)urQ xdk;azmuf
zsufqD;EdkifpGrf;r&Sdyg/ tjrifus,f aom? ÓPftajrmftjrifESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaom?
vTrf;jcHKEdkifaom? rdrdbmom&yfwnfEdkifaom? t&Sifonf xm0&ESpfumvrsm;twGuf
avsmfuefaom awmif;qkd csufrsm;twkdif;&nf&G,fcsufrsm;jyXmef;awmfrl\/}
[Yajur veda 40:8] [Yajur veda samhita by Ralph I.H. Griffith pg-
538]
teEÅwefcdk;awmf&Sif udk;uG,f&mt&Siftm; ewfbk&m;rsm;\ trnfrsm;
wyfí ac:a0:orkwfjcif;onf ,m*sL;a0'usrf;\ atmufazmfjyyg usrf;pmydk'f
rsm;ESifh qefYusifaMumif;udk od&SdEdkifonf/
]]t&SifESifhwkEIdif;zG,f&m yHko@mef[lí wpfpHkwpf&mrQr&Sdyg/}} [Yajurved 32 : 3]
&pf*fa0'usrf;twGJ (2)? tcef; (1)? tydk'f(3)wGif azmfjyxm;aom
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ vSyaom*kPf&nfawmfwpfckrSm ]AdóEdk;} jzpfonf/
]AdóEdk;} [laom pum;vHk;\t"dyÜm,frSm ]xdef;odrf;awmfrlaomt&Sif}[k
t"dyÜm,f&ygonf/ þa0g[m&udktm&ADbmomjzif h ]&Af}(ok d Yr[kwf)
]tqifhqifhjyKpk ysdK;axmif?xdef;odrf;?apmifha&Smufawmfrlaomt&Sif}[k teuf
&onf/rGwfpvifrfrsm;twGuf ]udk;uG,f&mt&Siftm; ]&Af}(okdY) ]xdef;odrf;
apmifha&Smufol}(okdY) ]AdóEdk;} rnfodkYyif &nfñTef; ac:a0:rIukdrqdk uefYuGuf
&efr&Sdyg/ odkYaomf [dELbmom0ifrsm;tMum; ]AdóEdk;}\ txif&Sm;qHk;yHkawmfrSm
vufav;buf&Sdaom? nmbufvufwpfzufwGif pBuFmudkudkifaqmifxm;aom?
b,fbufvufwpfzufwGif c½koif;udk udkifaqmifxm;aom?iSufudk pD;eif;
xm;aom(okdYr[kwf) ovGefuJhodkY jzpfaeaom a>rBuD;ay:wGifvJavsmif;aeaom
yHkawmfjzpfonf/ ]rGwfpvifrfrsm;taeESifh udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\rGwfpvifrfrsm;taeESifh udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\rGwfpvifrfrsm;taeESifh udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\rGwfpvifrfrsm;taeESifh udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\rGwfpvifrfrsm;taeESifh udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ rnfonhfrnfonhfrnfonhfrnfonhfrnfonhf
yHkyef;oP²mefudkrQvufrcHEdkifyg/yHkyef;oP²mefudkrQvufrcHEdkifyg/yHkyef;oP²mefudkrQvufrcHEdkifyg/yHkyef;oP²mefudkrQvufrcHEdkifyg/yHkyef;oP²mefudkrQvufrcHEdkifyg/} þodkY[dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;u? udk;uG,f&m
t&Siftm;yHkyef;oP²mefrsm; ykHazmfí udk;uG,fqnf;uyfaejcif;rSm ,m*sL;
a0'usrf;?tydk'f (40;9)udk qefYusifaeayonf/
(3) &pf*fa0'usrf;\ atmufazmfjyygusrf;ydk'frsm;udk qifjcif oHk;oyf Munfhyg/
]]tdk-cspfrdwfaqGwdk Y? xm0&wnf&Sdaom udk;uG,f&mt&SifrSvGJí rnfol wpfOD;
wpfa,mufudkrQ toifrudk;uG,fygESifh}}
27
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
[Rig veda Book 8:1:1, Rig veda Samhiti Vol ix, pg 1 and 2 by Swami Satyaprakash
Sarasvati and Satyakam Vidhya Lankar.]
(4) ]]ynmÓPfESifhjynfhpHkaom a,m*Drsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\ pdwftm½Hk rsm;udkpkpnf;í
trSef wu,fBuD;us,f jrifhjrwf awmfrlaom ae&mwum ü&SdaomteEÅbkef;awmf&Sif?
teEÅÓPfawmf&Sif? udk;uG,f&mt&Sifüom tm½Hkappm;xm;ayonf/ xdkt&Sif
onfomvQif a,m*Drsm;\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;udk odjrifawmfrlNyD;? ¤if;wdk Y\
tm½HkcHrsm;udk oufqdkif&m vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm; wduspGm aqmif&GufEdkifap&ef
aeom;wusjzpfapawmfrl\/ {ueftrSefyif zefqif;&Sif (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf
bkef;awmfteEÅESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlNyD; BuD;us,f jrifhjrwfawmfrlyg\/}}
[Rig veda 5:81], [Rig veda Samhiti Volume 6 page 1802 and 1803 by Swami
Satya Prakash Saraswati and Satya Ram Vidhya Lamka.]
[dELa0'EåESifhjAm[®okw&[dELa0'EåESifhjAm[®okw&[dELa0'EåESifhjAm[®okw&[dELa0'EåESifhjAm[®okw&[dELa0'EåESifhjAm[®okw&
[dELa0'Eå\jAm[®okw&[lonfrSm ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif (bk&m;)wpfqlwnf;
om&Sd\/ 'kwd,ajrmuf udk;uG,f&m[lí r&Sd/ vHk;0OóHkr&Sd? vHk;0r&Sd/ tenf;i,f
pdk;pOf;rQyifr&Sd/}
xdkYaMumifh tpGJtvrf;rxm;bJ avhvmpl;prf;oGm;ygrSomvQif [dE´L
bmomu vufcH,HkMunfxm;aom ]ukd;uG,f&m t&Sif}[laom todonmudk
aumif;pGmem;vnfEdkifygonf/
qpf(pf)bmomwGif vufcHxm;onfh
]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laom todonm
qpf(cf)bmomonf qD;rdkufvnf;r[kwf? tm&d,efESifhvnf;rqdkif?
a0'ESifhvnf;rywfoufaombmomwpfck jzpfonf/ qpf(cf)bmomonf
urÇm ht"dubmomBuD;rsm;wGif ryg0ifaomfvnf; [dE´Lt,l0g'\
tudkif;tcuftjzpf ay:xGef;vmcJhaom t,l0g'wpf&yfjzpfonf/ þbmomudk
(15)&mpkESpftqHk;ydkif;cefYwGif *k½kemewf(cf)[laom yk*¾dKvfrSpwif wnfaxmif
cJhonf/ þbmomonf ygupöwefEdkifiHESifh tdE´d,EdkifiH?ajrmufbufa'o&Sd
28
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
yef*sAfa'oBuD; (jrpfBuD;ig;oG,f)wGif pwifay:aygufcJhygonf/ *k½kemewf(cf)
onf cwdå,rsdK;EG,f rdom;pkrSaygufyGm;vmaomfvnf; tpövmrfbmom
ESifhrGwfpvifrfwdkYu ¤if;tm;tBuD;tus,fvTrf;rdk;ae ayonf/
qpf(cf)ESifh qpf(cf)0g'\teuft"dyÜm,fqpf(cf)ESifh qpf(cf)0g'\teuft"dyÜm,fqpf(cf)ESifh qpf(cf)0g'\teuft"dyÜm,fqpf(cf)ESifh qpf(cf)0g'\teuft"dyÜm,fqpf(cf)ESifh qpf(cf)0g'\teuft"dyÜm,f
qpf(cf)[laoma0g[m&rSm ]ppf(p),}[laom pum;rS qif;oufvmNyD;
wynfhawmf (odkY) ]aemufvdkuf}[k t"dyÜm,f&onf/ qpf(cf) bmomonf *k½kBuD;
(10)yg;\ bmomw&m;jzpfNyD;? yxrqHk;*k½kBuD;rSm *k½kemewf(cf)jzpfonf/
'órajrmuf *k½kBuD;\trnfrSm ]*dkbifqif;*f} jzpfonf/ qpf(cf) bmom\
jrifhjrwfaomusrf;*efrSm "Sri Guru Granth" jzpfNyD; 'Adi Granth Sahib' usrf;[kvnf;
ac:onf/
au-5rsdK;au-5rsdK;au-5rsdK;au-5rsdK;au-5rsdK;
qpf(cf)bmom0ifwdkif; atmufazmfjyygtcsuf(5)csufudk? ¤if;wdkY\
qpf(cf)bmom0ifjzpfaMumif; oufaocHtjzpf aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfayonf/
(1) qHyift&Snfxm;jcif; (tm;vHk;aom*k½kBuD;rsm;onf qH&Snfxm;cJhMu
onf/)
(2) qHyif&Snfudk &Sif;vif;NzD;oif&ef ]bD;} aqmifxm;&rnf/
(3) tm;tifawmifhwif;&efESifh rdrdudk,fudkxdef;odrf;&ef owåK (odk Y) oHrPd
vufaumuf aqmifxm;&rnf/
(4) rdrdudk,fudkumuG,f&ef "g;aumufaqmifxm;&rnf/
(5) vQifjrefpGmESifhvG,fulpGma&GUvsm;Edkif&ef txl;csKyfxm;onfh 'l;qpftxd
&Snfvsm;aom atmufcHabmif;bD0wfxm;&rnf/
Mul-Mantra; ac: qpf (cf) bmom\ ac: qpf (cf) bmom\ ac: qpf (cf) bmom\ ac: qpf (cf) bmom\ ac: qpf (cf) bmom\
tajccH,HkMunfcsuftajccH,HkMunfcsuftajccH,HkMunfcsuftajccH,HkMunfcsuftajccH,HkMunfcsuf
qpf(cf)0g'udk vdkufemaqmif&GufMuaom qpf(cf)0g'Drsm;u ]udk;uG,f&m
t&Sif}ESifhywfoufí ay;EdkifMuaom taumif;qHk;tajzrSm ]Mul Mantra} jzpfonf/
þonfrSm qpf(cf)0g'\ tajccH,HkMunfcsufjzpfNyD; *k½kBuD;*&efY(of) qGm[pf(Af)
vufxuftapmydkif;umvwGif ay:xGef;acJhonf/ þ,HkMunfcsufudk Sri Guru
29
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
Granth Sahib twGJ(1)? Japuji? yxrydk'fwGif atmufygtwdkif;azmfjyxm;onf/
]]ukd;uG,f&mt&Sif}bk&m;onf wpfqlwnf;&Sdonf/ t&Sifonf zefqif;&Sif tppftrSefjzpf
onf/ t&Sifonf aMumuf½GHYjcif;?rkef;wD;jcif;rS uif;a0;onhf xm0&touf&Sifawmfrlaom?
rarG;zGm;aom? rdrdbmomwnf&SdEdkifaom? BuD;us,fjrifhjrwfawmfrlaom r[mu½kPm&Sif
jzpfonf/}}
qpf(cf)0g't&? qpf(cf)bmom0ifrsm;onf pnf;rsOf;wif;usyfaom
]wpfqlwnf;aom udk;uG,f&mt&Sifudk udk;uG,faom0g'}udk vdkufemMu&onf/
¤if;wdkYonf ]ek omkara}ac:aom? wpfyg;wnf;wnf&Sdawmfrlaom tBuD;
tus,fqkH; tjrifhjrwfqHk;aombk&m;&Sifudk ouf0if,HHkMunfMuonf/
&Sif;vif;aomyHkpHjzifh ac:a0:wçoaombk&m;\trnfrSm Omkara jzpfNyD;?¤if;\*kPfawmfrsm;rSm-
- zefqif;&Sif
- bk&m;&Sif? bk&m;ocif
- xm0&wnf&Sdaomt&Sif
- jrifhjrwfoefYpifaom trnfemrawmfrsm;ydkif&Sif
- cspfcif jrwfEdk;awmfrlaomt&Sif(xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufawmfrlaomt&Sif)
- r[mu½kPm&Sif
- apmifrMunfh½Iawmfrlaomapwem&Sif
- 0[D*k½k (ac:) ppfrSefaom wpfqlwnf;wnfawmfrlaom bk&m;&Sif
qpf(cf)0g'onf tvGefwif;usyfaom ]wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;} udk,HkMunf
onfh0g'jzpfonfhtjyif ]t0w&} ac: vl0ifpm;jcif;[laomt,ltqudk
r,HkMunfMuay/ teEÅ bkef;awmf&Sifbk&m;taeESifh ]t0w&}[kac:aom
vl0ifpm; bk&m;tjzpf rdrdudk,fudkb0ajymif; 0ifpm;jcif;rjyK[k ,HkMunfonf/
qpf(cf)0g'onf ½kyfwkqnf;uyfudk;uG,fjcif;udk jyif;jyif;xefxef qefYusifonf/
*k½kemewf(cf)onf ubD;&f\vTrf;rd k;rIcH&jcif; *k½kemewf(cf)onf ubD;&f\vTrf;rd k;rIcH&jcif; *k½kemewf(cf)onf ubD;&f\vTrf;rd k;rIcH&jcif; *k½kemewf(cf)onf ubD;&f\vTrf;rd k;rIcH&jcif; *k½kemewf(cf)onf ubD;&f\vTrf;rd k;rIcH&jcif;
*k½kemewf(cf)\ tawG;tac:rsm;wGif olawmfpifubD;(&f)\ t,ltq
ajymMum;csufrsm;u MoZmoufa&mufaeonf/ þtaMumif;udk t&Sif&S&D
30
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
*k½kemewf(cf)\ usrf;vmu@tawmfrsm;rsm;rSmyif ubD;&f\uAsmrsm; (tqHk;
um&efwl vHk;a&nDESpfaMumif;uAsmrsdK;rsm;) yg0ifaecsufu oufaocHae
ayonf/
]]vlom;wdkif;onf 'ku©ESifh&ifqdkif&aomtcg bk&m;ocifudkowd&
wwfMuNyD;? Nidrf;csrf;om,maysmf&Tifaecdkuf0,f bk&m;&Sifudk arhavsmhwwfMu\/
wpfpHkwpfOD;taeESifh Nidrf;csrf;om,maysmf&TifaecdkufrSmyg bk&m;&Siftm;owd&
wrf;wrysufcJhygvQif xdkolYtay:wGif rnfodkYaomab;'ku©rQ qdkufa&muf
vmrnf r[kwfacs/}}
txufpmydk'fyguAsm\ qdkvdk&if;udk atmufazmfjyyg usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\
tm,ofawmfESifh EdIif;,SOfqifjcif oHk;oyfyg/
������ ����� ������� ����� ���� �������� �������� ����� ��! "#�$ �%�& �'(�� �)� �����*
+� ,-�.��/� ��!�0 �1 ��,2�� �-�3* �-���4 +�� �������� ����05 �%��6 �� 7�&
������� �8�9�:�1 �+�� ;� �� ��2��2�4 <�#(=�>�� �?�@A (-�4 ���2���B
]]pifppfaomfum; (rk&Sf&pfuf)vlom;ü ab; tEå&m,f wpfpHkwpf&m]]pifppfaomfum; (rk&Sf&pfuf)vlom;ü ab; tEå&m,f wpfpHkwpf&m]]pifppfaomfum; (rk&Sf&pfuf)vlom;ü ab; tEå&m,f wpfpHkwpf&m]]pifppfaomfum; (rk&Sf&pfuf)vlom;ü ab; tEå&m,f wpfpHkwpf&m]]pifppfaomfum; (rk&Sf&pfuf)vlom;ü ab; tEå&m,f wpfpHkwpf&m
qdkufa&mufcJhaomtcg xdkvlom;rSm ¤if;tm; zefqif;arG;jrLqdkufa&mufcJhaomtcg xdkvlom;rSm ¤if;tm; zefqif;arG;jrLqdkufa&mufcJhaomtcg xdkvlom;rSm ¤if;tm; zefqif;arG;jrLqdkufa&mufcJhaomtcg xdkvlom;rSm ¤if;tm; zefqif;arG;jrLqdkufa&mufcJhaomtcg xdkvlom;rSm ¤if;tm; zefqif;arG;jrL
awmfrlaom t&Sifjrwfbufodk Y pdwfa&mudk,fygvSnfhí xdkt&Sifawmfrlaom t&Sifjrwfbufodk Y pdwfa&mudk,fygvSnfhí xdkt&Sifawmfrlaom t&Sifjrwfbufodk Y pdwfa&mudk,fygvSnfhí xdkt&Sifawmfrlaom t&Sifjrwfbufodk Y pdwfa&mudk,fygvSnfhí xdkt&Sifawmfrlaom t&Sifjrwfbufodk Y pdwfa&mudk,fygvSnfhí xdkt&Sif
jrwftm; [pfatmf (wo)av\/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;tm;xdkt&Sifjrwfjrwftm; [pfatmf (wo)av\/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;tm;xdkt&Sifjrwfjrwftm; [pfatmf (wo)av\/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;tm;xdkt&Sifjrwfjrwftm; [pfatmf (wo)av\/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;tm;xdkt&Sifjrwfjrwftm; [pfatmf (wo)av\/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;tm;xdkt&Sifjrwf
onf rdrdtxHawmfrS aus;Zl;awmf wpfpHkwpf&mudk csD;jr§ifhawmfrlonf rdrdtxHawmfrS aus;Zl;awmf wpfpHkwpf&mudk csD;jr§ifhawmfrlonf rdrdtxHawmfrS aus;Zl;awmf wpfpHkwpf&mudk csD;jr§ifhawmfrlonf rdrdtxHawmfrS aus;Zl;awmf wpfpHkwpf&mudk csD;jr§ifhawmfrlonf rdrdtxHawmfrS aus;Zl;awmf wpfpHkwpf&mudk csD;jr§ifhawmfrl
aomtcg ¤if;rSm,cifu xdkt&Sifjrwftm; rdrd [pfatmf (wo)aomtcg ¤if;rSm,cifu xdkt&Sifjrwftm; rdrd [pfatmf (wo)aomtcg ¤if;rSm,cifu xdkt&Sifjrwftm; rdrd [pfatmf (wo)aomtcg ¤if;rSm,cifu xdkt&Sifjrwftm; rdrd [pfatmf (wo)aomtcg ¤if;rSm,cifu xdkt&Sifjrwftm; rdrd [pfatmf (wo)
vQuf&S dcJ honfudk arhavsmhoGm;\/ xdkrSwpfyg; ¤if;onf (olvQuf&S dcJ honfudk arhavsmhoGm;\/ xdkrSwpfyg; ¤if;onf (olvQuf&S dcJ honfudk arhavsmhoGm;\/ xdkrSwpfyg; ¤if;onf (olvQuf&S dcJ honfudk arhavsmhoGm;\/ xdkrSwpfyg; ¤if;onf (olvQuf&S dcJ honfudk arhavsmhoGm;\/ xdkrSwpfyg; ¤if;onf (ol
wpfyg;wdkYtm;) xdk t&Sifjrwf\ vrf;awmfrS vGJacsmfwdrf;yg;ap&efwpfyg;wdkYtm;) xdk t&Sifjrwf\ vrf;awmfrS vGJacsmfwdrf;yg;ap&efwpfyg;wdkYtm;) xdk t&Sifjrwf\ vrf;awmfrS vGJacsmfwdrf;yg;ap&efwpfyg;wdkYtm;) xdk t&Sifjrwf\ vrf;awmfrS vGJacsmfwdrf;yg;ap&efwpfyg;wdkYtm;) xdk t&Sifjrwf\ vrf;awmfrS vGJacsmfwdrf;yg;ap&ef
xdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlrsm;udk jyKvkyfowfrSwfav\/xdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlrsm;udk jyKvkyfowfrSwfav\/xdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlrsm;udk jyKvkyfowfrSwfav\/xdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlrsm;udk jyKvkyfowfrSwfav\/xdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlrsm;udk jyKvkyfowfrSwfav\/
(td k -eA Dwre fawm f) toifonf (xd kv lom;tm; þok d Y )(td k -eA Dwre fawm f) toifonf (xd kv lom;tm; þok d Y )(td k -eA Dwre fawm f) toifonf (xd kv lom;tm; þok d Y )(td k -eA Dwre fawm f) toifonf (xd kv lom;tm; þok d Y )(td k -eA Dwre fawm f) toifonf (xd kv lom;tm; þok d Y )
ajymMum;ygav/ ]]toifonf rdrd\ aoGznfrIjzifh (aeY&uf)ajymMum;ygav/ ]]toifonf rdrd\ aoGznfrIjzifh (aeY&uf)ajymMum;ygav/ ]]toifonf rdrd\ aoGznfrIjzifh (aeY&uf)ajymMum;ygav/ ]]toifonf rdrd\ aoGznfrIjzifh (aeY&uf)ajymMum;ygav/ ]]toifonf rdrd\ aoGznfrIjzifh (aeY&uf)
tenf;i,frQtusdK; aus;Zl;cHpm;avmh/ {uefrvGJtoifonftenf;i,frQtusdK; aus;Zl;cHpm;avmh/ {uefrvGJtoifonftenf;i,frQtusdK; aus;Zl;cHpm;avmh/ {uefrvGJtoifonftenf;i,frQtusdK; aus;Zl;cHpm;avmh/ {uefrvGJtoifonftenf;i,frQtusdK; aus;Zl;cHpm;avmh/ {uefrvGJtoifonf
i&Jom; wdk YwGif tygt0if jzpfonf/ }}i&Jom; wdk YwGif tygt0if jzpfonf/ }}i&Jom; wdk YwGif tygt0if jzpfonf/ }}i&Jom; wdk YwGif tygt0if jzpfonf/ }}i&Jom; wdk YwGif tygt0if jzpfonf/ }} (uk&ftmef 39;8)(uk&ftmef 39;8)(uk&ftmef 39;8)(uk&ftmef 39;8)(uk&ftmef 39;8)
31
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
Zdk½dktufpx&d,ef0g'wGif vufcH,HkMunfxm;aom
]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laom todonm
Zdk½dktufpx&d,ef(ac:) Zdk½dktufpx&m0g'onf vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif;
(2500)ausmfcefYu yg&Sm;EdkifiH (,ck-tD&efEdkifiH) tm&d,efa'owGif tpjyK
ay:xGef;cJhavonf/ tjcm;urÇmh txifu& bmomw&m;rsm;ESifh EdIif;,SOfvQif
ouf0if,HkMunfol ta&twGufenf;yg;aomfvnf;? þbmomw&m;onf
urÇmha&S;tusqHk; bmomw&m;wpfck jzpfonf/ vuf&Sd tajctaewGif
þbmom0ifta&twGufrSm(130000) ausmfcefYom&Sdonf/ tD&efvlrsdK;
Zdk½dktufpwmonf txufazmfjyyg Zdk½dktufpxd&efbmomw&m;udk xlaxmif
oljzpfNyD; ]ygpD0g'} [lívnf; ac:a0:Muonf/ ygpDbmom0ifrsm;\
xif&Sm;aomusrf;*efrsm;rSm 'gpmwD,mESifh tAufpfwmwdkYjzpfonf/
Zdk½dktuf(pf)x&d,efbmomwGif ]xm0&bk&m;ocif} udk ]t[l&m;rmZ'g}
[kac:wGifonf/ t[l&m;qdkonfrSm ]t&Sif}? ]ocif} [k t"dyÜg,f&NyD;
]rmZ'g}[lonf ]ynm ÓPfESifhjynfhpHkaom} [kt"dyÜm,f&ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh
]t[l&m;rmZ'g}qdkonf ]ÓPfawmf&Sifbk&m;} (0g) ]ynmÓPf&Sdaom t&Sif
ocif}[k t"dyÜm,f&onf/ odkYjzpfay&m wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;udk udk;uG,f
qnf;uyfMuolrsm;\ ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}onf t[l&m;rmZ'gyif jzpfonf[k
,lqEdkif\/
'gpmwD,musrf;t& ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}\ *kPfawmfrsm;(t&nftaoG;rsm;)'gpmwD,musrf;t& ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}\ *kPfawmfrsm;(t&nftaoG;rsm;)'gpmwD,musrf;t& ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}\ *kPfawmfrsm;(t&nftaoG;rsm;)'gpmwD,musrf;t& ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}\ *kPfawmfrsm;(t&nftaoG;rsm;)'gpmwD,musrf;t& ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}\ *kPfawmfrsm;(t&nftaoG;rsm;)
'gpmwD,musrf;t&? t[l&m;rmZ'gbk&m;wGif atmufazmfjyyg t&nf
taoG;rsm;ESifh jynfhpHkayonf/
(1) t&Sifonf wpfyg;wnf;wnf&Sdawmfrl\/
(2) t&SifESifhqifwlaomt&m[lí wpfpHkwpf&mrQr&Sd/
(3) t&SifhrSm tpvnf;r&Sd? tqHk;vnf;r&Sd/
(4) t&SifhrSm tazvnf;r&Sd? tarvnf;r&Sd? ZeD;Muif,mvnf;r&Sd? om;orD;
vnf;r&Sd/
(5) t&SifhrSm cEmvnf;r&Sd? ykHyef;oP²mefvnf;r&Sd/
(6) rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ ½kyfrsufvHk;rQ olYudk rjrifEdkif? rnfonfh
32
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
pdwful;tm½HkrQt&Sifhudk MuHpnfpdwful; awG;awmMunfhí r&Edkifyg/
(7) toifMuHpnfpdwful;orQ t&mtm;vHk;xufom vGef\/
(8) t&Sifonfoifudk,fwdkifxufydkí eD;uyfaomae&mwGif toifESifheD;uyfpGm
&Sdaeawmfrl\/
tAufpwmusrf;wGif azmfjyxm;aom ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} \*kPf&nfawmf
rsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/
(1) zefqif;&Sif (Yasna 31:7&11,44:7, 50:11, 51:7)
(2) tiftm;t&SdqHk;aomt&Sif (0g) tBuD;us,fqHk;t&Sif (Yasna 33:11, 45:6)
(3) aus;Zl;jyKawmfrlaomt&Sif "Hudai" [Yasna 33:11, 48:3]
(4) &ufa&mjynfhpHkawmfrlaomt&Sif- "Spenta" [Yasna 43:4,5,7,9,11,13,15]
(Yasna 44:2, 45:5, 46:9, 48:3)
*sL;bmom(,k'0g')wGif vufcHxm;onfh
]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laom todonm
,k'0g' (0g) *sL;bmomonf qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;teuf? t"du
bmomw&m;wpfck jzpfonf/ þbmomudk ouf0if,HkMunf vdkufemolrsm;udk
,k'[kac:NyD;? ¤if;wdkYonf wrefawmfrlpm(arma&S) ESifh ol\w&m;a'oemrsm;udk
,HkMunfvdkufemcJholrsm; jzpfMuonf/
w&m;a[m&musrf;(Deuteronomy)rS atmufazmf jyygusrf;ydk'frsm;onf
wrefawmfrlpm(arma&S)u ol\ aemufvdkufrsm;tm; tav;teuf wdkufwGef;
tm;ay;csufrsm; jzpfonf/
(1) ]tdk-£oa&vtrsdK;? em;axmifavmh/ igwdkY\bk&m;ocif xm0&bk&m;onf
wpfqlwnf;aom xm0& bk&m; jzpfawmfrl\/} [The Bible, Duet 6:4]
(2) a[&Sm,em*wdå(Isaiah)usrf;rS atmufazmfjyyg usrf;ydk'frsm;udk qifjcif
oHk;oyfyg/
]]igwpfyg;wnf;onf xm0&bk&m;jzpfí igrSwpfyg;u,fwif aomocifr&Sd}}
33
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
[The Bible, Isaiah, 43:11]
(3) ]]igwpfyg;wnf;om xm0&bk&m;jzpf\/ igrSwpfyg; tjcm;aom bk&m;ocifr&Sd}}
[The Bible, Isaiah, 45:5]
(4) ]]igonfbk&m;ocifjzpf\/ igrSwpfyg; tjcm;aom bk&m;r&Sd/}}
[The Bible, Isaiah, 46:9]
(5) ,k'0g'(odk Y) *sL;bmomonf ½kyfxkrsm;udk;uG,fjcif;udk jypfwif
½IHUcsaom0g'jzpfaMumif; atmufazmfjyygusrf;ykd'frsm;t& avhvmod&SdEdkifygonf/
]]igrSwpfyg; tjcm;aombk&m;ud k rud k;uG,fESif h/ txufrd k;aumif;
uifüvnf;aumif;? atmuft&yfajrBuD;ay:üvnf;aumif;? ajrBuD;atmuf
a&xJüvnf;aumif;&S daomt&mESif h y H ko@mefwlatmif? ½kyfwkud k
ud k,f htzd k YrvkyfESif h/ rif; olwdk Yud k OD;rcs0wfrjyKESif h/ taMumif;rlum;?
oif\bk&m;ocif igxm0&bk&m;onf? oifhütjypf&Sdonf[k ,HkvG,f
aombk&m;jzpf\/}} (or®musrf;pm? vGwfajrmuf&musrf; 20;3-5)
txufazmfjyygazmfjycsufESifh qifwlaomowday; vrf;ñTefcsufudk
w&m;a[m&musrf; (Deuteronomy) wGifxyfrHí rdefYqdkxm;aMumif;awGU&onf/
]]igrSwpfyg; tjcm;aombk&m;udk rudk;uG,fESif h/ txufrdk;aumif;uif
üvnf;aumif;? atmuft&yfajrBuD;ay:üvnf;aumif;? ajrBuD;atmuf
a&xJüvnf;aumif;? &Sdaomt&mESifh yH kyef;o@mefwlatmif½kyfwkudk
ukd,fhtzdkYrvkyfESifh/ OD;rcs? 0wfrjyKygESifh/ taMumif;rlum; oif\bk&m;ocif
igxm0&bk&m;onf oihfütjypf&Sdonf[k ,HkvG,faombk&m; jzpf\/}}
(or®musrf;pm? w&m;a[musrf; 5;7-9)
c&pf,mefbmomwGif vufcHxm;onfh
]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laomtodonm
c&pf,meft,l0g'onf qD;rdkufbmomw&m;wpfckjzpfNyD;? ,cktcg
wpfurÇmvHk;wGif c&pf,mefbmom0if ta&twGufrSm oef; (2000)cefY&Sdonf[k
tcdkiftrmqdkaeMuygonf/ c&pf,meft,l0g'onf a,½Ic&pf (�) trnf
emray:wGif t&if;cHírSnfhac:xm;aom trnfjzpfonf/ a,½Iocif
34
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
(wrefawmftDpm) onf tpövmrfwGif Munfñdkav;pm;jcif;cH&aom wrefawmf
wpfyg;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefr[kwfaom t,l0g'rsm;teuf (tpövmrf
bmomonf) a,½Iocifudk ,HkMunf&efjy|mef;xm;aom wpfckwnf;aom
bmomw&m; jzpfonf/
c&pf,mefbmomwGif vufcHxm;aom ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} [laom
todonmudk aqG;aEG;rwifjyrD tpövmrfbmomu vufcHxm;aom
ocifa,½I\ taetxm;udk pl;prf;avhvmMunfhygpdkY/
(1) tpövmrfonf ocifa,½Itay:wGif pGJNrJaom ,HkMunf csufxm;&Sdonfh
c&pf,mefr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;teuf wpfckwnf;aom
bmomjzpfonf/ rGwfpvifrf[k cH,lxm;olwpfOD;onf ocifa,½Iudk
vufcH,HkMunfrIr&Sdygu olonf ppfrSefaom rGwfpvifrf rjzpfEdkifay/
(2) uREfkyfwkd YrGwfpvifrfrsm;u ocifa,½Ionf? tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\
pGrf;tm;BuD;us,faom wrefawmfrsm;teufrSwpfyg;[k ,HkMunfMuonf/
(3) acwfopfc&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;u r,HkMunfMuaomfvnf;? o c i f
a,½Ionf rnfonfha,mufsm;ESif hrQ ul;vl;qufqHrIr&SdygbJvQuf
tysdKpifppfppfrdcifrSxl;qef; tHhMozG,f&marG;zGm;vmaMumif;udk uREfkyfwdkY
rGwfpvifrfrsm; ,HkMunfMuonf/
(4) ocifa,½Ionf xm0&udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ cGifhjyKcsuft& olaoudk
toufoGif;jycJhonf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/
(5) ocifa,½Ionf xm0&udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\cGifhjyKcsufjzifh arG;&myg
rsufaphrjrifolrsm;ESifh tEla&m*gonfrsm;udk ukoaysmufuif;aponf
[k,HkMunfMuonf/
tu,fíwpfpHkwpfa,mufaomolu? rGwfpvifrfESifh c&pf,mefrsm;onf
ocifa,½Iudk cspfcifjrwfEdk;av;pm;MuygonfqdkvQif rnfonfhae&mwGif
þESpftkyfpk\t,ltq cGJxGufoGm;oenf;[kar;vmvQif tajzrSm atmufyg
twdkif;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefrsm;u ocifa,½Ionf xm0&udk;uG,f&m
t&Sifbk&m;jzpfjcif;udk tcdkiftrm,HkMunfaejcif;yifjzpfonf/ c&pf,mef
bmomqdkif&musrf;*efrsm;ud k avhvmqnf;yl;rIrsm;t& ocifa,½I
udk,fawmfwdkifu rdrdonf udk;uG,f&mt&Sifbk&m;jzpfonf [laomtcsufudk
35
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
rnfonfhtcgurQ a&;om; azmfjyxm;jcif;rsdK;r&SdaMumif;udk zGifhvSpfazmfjy
aeayonf/ trSefrSmor®musrf;wpftkyfvHk;wGifocifa,½I udk,fawmfwdkif
u]uREf kyfonfud k;uG,f&mt&Sifjzpfonf} (od k Y) ]uREf kyftm; ud k;uG,f
qnf;uyfyg}}[lí jywfjywfom;om;? wdwdusus tqdkjyKa&;om;csuf
wpfckwpfavrQr&Sday/ trSefrSm or®musrf;wGif ocifa,½Iudk,fawmfwdkif
w&m;a'oema[mMum;&mwGif rdrdonf bk&m;jzpfonf[laomtcsufrsm;udk
a[mMum;cJhjcif;r&SdbJ qefYusifbuftaMumif;t&mrsm;? tqdkjyKcsufrsm;udk
a[mMum;cJ honfudk awGU&ayonf/or®musrf;pmwGif;rS ocifa,½I\
a[mMum;csufrsm;udk atmufazmfjyyg usrf;ydk'frsm;t& qifjcifoHk;oyfEdkifonf/
]ig\crnf;awmfonf ighxufomí BuD;jrwfawmfrl\/}
( &Sifa,m[ef? 14;28)
]ig\crnf;awmfonf cyfodrf;aomolwdkYxuf BuD;jrwfawmf rl\/}
(&Sifa,m[ef 10;29)
]igonfbk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfudk trSDjyKí ewfqdk;wdkYudk ESifxkwfon f
rSefvQif ---} (&SifróJ 14;28)
]--- igonf bk&m;ocif\ vufñId;awmftm;jzifh ewfqdk;wdkYudk
ESifxkwfonf rSefvQif ---} (&Sifvkum 11;20)
]igonf ud k,ftvdktavsmuf tb,ftrIud krQ rjyKEd ki f/ igonf
Mum;onfhtwdkif;w&m;pD&if\/ ig\pD&ifjcif;onfvnf; w&m;awmfESifh nDnGwf\/
taMumif;rlum; igonf udk,hftvdkod k Yrvdkuf? ighud k apvTwfawmf rlaom
crnf;awmftvdkodkYvkduf\/}} (&Sifa,m[ef 5;30)(&Sifa,m[ef 5;30)(&Sifa,m[ef 5;30)(&Sifa,m[ef 5;30)(&Sifa,m[ef 5;30)
a,½Ic&pf(�) tm;apvTwfjcif;
udk,fawmfonfvrf;ñTefw&m;rsm;udk jynfhpHkapjcif;tvdkYiSm <uvmawmfrljcif;
ocifa,½Ionf olYudk,folbk&m;jzpfaMumif; wpfcgrQ zGifh[ajymqdkrI
rjyKcJhacs/ olonfolYtm;]udk;uG,f&mt&Sifu apvTwfawmfrljcif;taMumif;ESifh
ol\wm0efudk&Sif;vif;pGm zGifh[aMujimcJhonf/} ocifa,½Itm; vGefavNyD;aom
*sL;rsm;ESifhqkdifaom vrf;ñTefw&m;rsm;udktwnfjyK&ef apvTwfawmfrlcJh\/
&SifróJc&pf0ifusrf;yg atmufazmfjyyg ocifa,½I\ a[mMum;csufrsm;u
36
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
]¤if;\wm0efonf *sL;rsm;ESifhqdkifaom vrf;ñTefw&m;rsm;udk twnfjyK&ef
jzpfonf} [laomtcsufudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm; axmufcHaeayonf/
]]ynwådusrf;? tem*wådusrf;rsm;udkzsufy,fjcif;iSm igvmonfr[kwf?
jynfhpH kapjcif;iSm igvmownf;/ igtrSefqdkonfrSmum; aumif;uifESif h
ajrBuD;rysufpD;rSDwdkifatmif? ynwådusrf;\ ti,fqHk;aom pmvHk;AdEK wpfvHk;rQ
jynfhpHkjcif;odkYra&mufrSD rysufpD;ap&/
xdkYaMumifh tMuifolonf ti,fqHk;aomynwfwpfckudk udk,fwdkif vGefusL;í
olwpfyg;wdkYtm;vnf; xdkYtwloGefoif\/ xdkolon f aumif;uifEdkifiHawmfü
ti,fqH k;aomol jzpfvdrf hrnf/ tMuifolonf ud k,fwd ki fusif hí
olwpfyg;wkd Ytm;vnf; oGefoif\/ xdkolonf aumif;uifEd kifiHawmfü
BuD;aomoljzpfvdrfhrnf/}} (or®musrf;? &SifróJ 5;17-20)
xm0&bk&m;ocif(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)u
a,½Ic&pfawmftm; apvTwfjcif;
(a,½Ic&pfawmftm; wrefawmftjzpf apvTwfjcif;ESifh? ocifa,½Itm;
apvTwfawmfrlaomobm0udk) or®musrf;\ atmufazmfjyygusrf;ydk'frsm;wGif
azmfjyxm;onf/
]]oifwdk YMum;aompum;onf ighpum;r[kwf? ighudkapvTwfawmfrlaom
crnf;awmf\ pum;awmfjzpf\/}} (or®musrf;? &Sifa,m[ef 14;24)
]]xm0&touf[lrlum;? rSefaombk&m;ocif? wpfqlwnf;jzpfawmf
rlaomukd,fawmfud kvnf;aumif;? apvTwfawmfrlaoma,½Ic&pfud k
vnf;aumif;? oduRrf;jcif;wnf;}}/ (or®musrf;? &Sifa,m[ef 17;3)
ocifa,½Iu olonfbk&m;jzpfonf[laomtcsufudk a&;a&;rQyif
a[mMum;cJ hjcif;r&S d/ atmufazmfjyyg or®musrf;pmrS jzpf&yfrsm;onf
þtcsufrsm;udk axmufcHaeayonf/
]]xd k Yaemuf vlwpfa,mufonfcsOf;uyfí aumif;jrwfaomq&m?
xm0&toufudk&tHhaomiSm tuREfkyfonf tb,faumif;rIudkjyK&ygrnf enf;[k
ar;avQmufaomfwzefa,½Iu xd koltm;ajymMum;onfrSm ighud k
37
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
aumif;jrwfonf[k tb,faMumifhac:oenf;/ bk&m;ocif wpfyg;wnf;om
aumif;jrwfawmfrl\ touf&Sifjcif;odk Y 0ifpm;vdkvQif ynwfawmfwdk Yudk
apmifha&Smufavmh[k rdefYawmfrl\/}} (or®musrf;? &SifróJ 19;16-17)
txufazmfjyyg? or®musrf;rS xkwfjyefxGufqdkcsufrsm;u? c&pf,mef
bmom0ifrsm; w&m;aovufcHxm;aom a,½Ic&pf(�)onf bk&m;jzpfonf
[laomtcsufESifh?c&pfawmfu rdrdudk,fudk pGefYvTwftepfemcHí vlom;rsm;udk
tjypfrS aq;aMumu,fwifonf[laom t,ltqudk twdty jiif;qdkae
ayonf/ ocifa,½Iudk,fwdkifu u,fwifjcif; cH,l&eftvdkYiSm ynwfawmfrsm;udk
vdkufemaqmif&Guf&ef wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfxm;ayonf/ (or®musrf;? &SifróJ 19;16-
17)
eZ&ufrSocifa,½leZ&ufrSocifa,½leZ&ufrSocifa,½leZ&ufrSocifa,½leZ&ufrSocifa,½l
]bk&m;ocif\oabmwlvlom;}]bk&m;ocif\oabmwlvlom;}]bk&m;ocif\oabmwlvlom;}]bk&m;ocif\oabmwlvlom;}]bk&m;ocif\oabmwlvlom;}
or®musrf;rS atmufazmfjyygxkwfjyefcsufrsm;onf? a,½Iocifonf
]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}\wrefawmfjzpfonf [laom? tpövmrfh,HkMunfcsufrsm;udk
axmufcHaeayonf/
]]td k £oa&v(tpöa&;) trsdK;om;taygif;wd k Y Mum;emMuavmh/
eZ&ufNrdKUom;a,½Ionf bk&m;\oufaocHvlom; (tm,of)jzpfí?
bk&m;utoifwd k YtwGuf csrSwfay;vufp? w&m;a'oemrsm;ud k
Ny D;jynf hap&eftvdk Yi Sm tHzG,f&mjym#d[m? oufaovu©Pmrsm;ESif h
apvTwfawmfrlrnfudk oifwdkYbmomodMuavavmh/}}
yxrynwfawmfyxrynwfawmfyxrynwfawmfyxrynwfawmfyxrynwfawmf
udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf wpfyg;wnf;omudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf wpfyg;wnf;omudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf wpfyg;wnf;omudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf wpfyg;wnf;omudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf wpfyg;wnf;om
or®musrf;pmu c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;\ ]oHk;yg;wpfql} [laom
t,ltqudk vHk;0raxmufcHMuay/ ocif a,½I(�)\ pma&;awmfwpfOD;u
ocifa,½Itm; ynwfawmfrsm;xJrS yxrqHk;ynwfawmfudk ar;avQmuf&mwGif
a,½Ic&pfonf? arma&S(rlpm)u rdefYawmfrlcJhonfudk xyfrHírdefYMum;cJhonf/
]]em;qifavmh td k£oa&v(trsdK;om;taygif;wd k Y igwd k Y\ bk&m;
ocifxm0&bk&m;onf wpfqlwnf;aomxm0&bk&m;jzpfawmfrl\/
38
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
xm0&bk&m;onf wpfyg;wnf;jzpfawmfrl\/}} (&Sifrmuk 12;29)
tpövmrfbmomwGif vufcHxm;aom
]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laomtodonm
tpövmrfbmomonf qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;teufrSwpfckjzpfNyD;?
urÇmwpfvTm;wGif bmom0ifta&t wGufoef;(1200)ausmfcefY&Sdonf/
tpövmrf[lonf ]tv’m[ft&Sif\ tvdkawmftwdkif;vdkufemjcif;? emcHjcif;}[k
t"dyÜm,f&onf/ rGwfpvifrfrsm;onf usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefudk tv’m[f
t&SifxHawmfrS wrefawmfrk[r®'fay:wGif xkwfjyefcsrSwfay;aom tv’m[f
t&Sif\vrf;ñTef w&m;awmfrsm;[k,HkMunfonf/ urÇmhordkif;acwftquf
qufwGif tv’m[ft&SifxHrS wrefawmfrsm;apvTwfí ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf
tv’mm[fwpfyg;wnf;&SdaMumif;}ESifh ]aemifwrvGefb0wGif ppfaq;ar;jref;
jcif;cH&rnfhtaMumif;}rsm; udk owif;ay;aponf[ktpövmrfrS tcdkiftrmzGifh[
ajymqdkygonf/ xdkYaMumifh tpövmrfbmomwGif cdkifrmaombmoma&;
,HkMunfcsuftjzpf yGifhavukefaom wrefawmfrsm;udk ,HkMunfapygonf/
þwrefawmfrsm;rSm wrefawmftm'rf(�)rSpí wrefawmf El;[f(aemf{)(�)?
wrefawmftDA&m[ifrf(�)?; wrefawmf tpörmtDvf(�)? wrefawmf
tpö[muf(�)? wrefawmf,tfulAf(�)wrefawmfrlpm(�) wrefawmf
'g0k'f(�)wrefawmf ,[f,m((�)wrefawmftDpm (ocifa,½I)(�)ESifh
tjcm;aomwrefawmfrsm; yg0ifMuonf/
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif[laom a0g[m&twGuf
twdusqHk;aom t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfcsuf
tpövmrf\ ]]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}}[laom a0g[m&twGuf twdus
qHk;t"dyÜm,f owfrSwfcsufudk pl&m[f tdcfvmqGf (uk&ftmefu@ trSwf 112)&Sd
tm,ofawmf (4) ckutwdtuszGihfqdkxm;ygonf/
39
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
������ ���� � �� ����
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(1)(tdk-eADwrefawmf) toifonf ajymMum;ygav/ xdktv’m[f
t&Sifjrwfonf wpfqlwnf;jzpfawmfrl\/
(2)tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vdkvm;awmifhwjcif; vHk;0uif;&Sif;awmfrl
aomt&Sif? olwpfyg;wdkY\ rSDcdk tm;xm;&mt&Sif? tEdIif;rJh xm0&t&Sif
jzpfawmfrl\/
(3) xdkt&Sifjrwfonf rnfolwpfOD; wpfa,mufudkrQ arG;zGm;
awmfrlcJhonf r[kwfay/ rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ arG;zGm;jcif;
udkvnf; cH&awmfrlonf r[kwfay/
(4) xdkrSwpfyg; xdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlol[lívnf; wpfOD;
wpfa,mufrQyif r&S day/ (usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 112;1-4)
txufygpl&m[fu@\'kwd,usrf;ydk'fvm]tqGfqGr'f} [laoma0g[m&rSm
jynfhpHkpGmt"dyÜm,fjyefqdk&ef cJ,Of;ygonf/ ¤if;\teufrSm ]yuwdwnf&Sdjcif;}?
]t<uif;rJh wnfaejcif;}[kjzpfonf/ þ*kPfawmf\t&nftaoG;rSm tv’m[ft&Sif
wpfyg;wnf;ESifh xdkufwefonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tv’m[ft&SifrSvGJí
tjcm;aom ouf&SdoufrJht&mtm;vHk; onfacwå,m,Dwnfaeaom (odkY)
tajctaewpf&yf tay:wGifrlwnfí &yfwnfaeMu&aomaMumifh jzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh ]tqGfqGr'fonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rnfonfh vlyk*¾dKvf?
t&m0w¬KwpfpHkwpf&mwGifay:rS rSDwnfaejcif; r[kwfbJ? tm;vHk;aom
vlyk*¾ d Kvfrsm;ESif ht&m0w¬Kcyfodrf;uomvQif tv’m[ft&Sifay:wGifrSDí
wnf&SdaeMujcif;jzpfonf/}
40
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
]pl&[ftdcfvmqGf}]pl&[ftdcfvmqGf}]pl&[ftdcfvmqGf}]pl&[ftdcfvmqGf}]pl&[ftdcfvmqGf}
bmoma&;,HkMunfrIqdkif&mavhvmrIynm&yftwGuf rSwfausmufjzpfjcif;bmoma&;,HkMunfrIqdkif&mavhvmrIynm&yftwGuf rSwfausmufjzpfjcif;bmoma&;,HkMunfrIqdkif&mavhvmrIynm&yftwGuf rSwfausmufjzpfjcif;bmoma&;,HkMunfrIqdkif&mavhvmrIynm&yftwGuf rSwfausmufjzpfjcif;bmoma&;,HkMunfrIqdkif&mavhvmrIynm&yftwGuf rSwfausmufjzpfjcif;
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ pl&m[fu@ (112)onf? pl&m[ftdcfvmqGf
jzpfayonf/ bmoma&;,HkMunfrIqdkif&mavhvmrI ynm&yftwGufrSwfausmuf
jzpfayonf/ þae&mwGif ]Theo}[laompum;rSm]bk&m;}[k t"dyÜm,f&í ]Logy}
[lonfrSm avhvmjcif;[kteuf&Sdonf/ xdkYaMumifh Theology rSm bk&m;rsm;
taMumi f ;avhvmjci f ; jzp fonf/ r Gw fpvifr fr sm ;twGuf ? teE Å
pGrf;tm;awmft&SifESifhywfoufí t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfcsuf(4)rsdK;&SdNyD;? ¤if;onf
oDtdkvdk*sD bmom&yftwGuf rSwfausmuftjzpf xrf;aqmifay;ayonf/
]udk;uG,fjcif;cHxkdufonf[k owfrSwfjcif;cH&aom t&mwdkif;onf rSwfausmuf
wifjcif;udk cHEdkif&ayrnf/} þ u@wGif azmfjyxm;aom (tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\
*kPf&nfawmfrsm;onf) ,SOfbufr&Sd jynfhpHkaeaomfvnf;? bk&m;wk bk&m;a,mif
rsm;rSmrl txufyg pl&m[fu@yg *kPf&nfawmfrsm;ESifh rSwfausmufwif
ppfaq;ygu tvG,fwuljyKwfusoGm;rnf jzpfayonf/
tpövmrfuajymaomvlom;bk&m;tpövmrfuajymaomvlom;bk&m;tpövmrfuajymaomvlom;bk&m;tpövmrfuajymaomvlom;bk&m;tpövmrfuajymaomvlom;bk&m;
tdEd´,EdkifiHonf rEkóbk&m;(odkY) vlom;bk&m;rsm;\ e,fajr[k
trnfausmf Mum;ygonf/ taMumif;rSm 0dÓOfyd ki f;qd kif&mq&mocif
tajrmuftjrm; tdEd´,wGif&Sdaejcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ þyk*d¾Kvfrsm;teuf
rsm;pGmaom]bmbmbmbmbmbmbmbmbmbm} rsm;ESifh ]olawmfpifBuD;olawmfpifBuD;olawmfpifBuD;olawmfpifBuD;olawmfpifBuD;} rsm;wGif EdkifiHaygif;rsm;pGmrS vufcH
,HkMunfolaemufvdkufrsm; &SdMuayonf/ tpövmrfonf rnfonfhvlom;udktpövmrfonf rnfonfhvlom;udktpövmrfonf rnfonfhvlom;udktpövmrfonf rnfonfhvlom;udktpövmrfonf rnfonfhvlom;udk
(tzefqif;cH)udkrqdk udk;uG,fyojcif;udk rESpfNrdKUacs/(tzefqif;cH)udkrqdk udk;uG,fyojcif;udk rESpfNrdKUacs/(tzefqif;cH)udkrqdk udk;uG,fyojcif;udk rESpfNrdKUacs/(tzefqif;cH)udkrqdk udk;uG,fyojcif;udk rESpfNrdKUacs/(tzefqif;cH)udkrqdk udk;uG,fyojcif;udk rESpfNrdKUacs/
þuJhokdY bk&m;ta,mifaqmifolrsm;ESifhywfoufaom tpövmrf\
&yfwnfrI½Iaxmifhudkem;vnf&efrSm vlom; bk&m;wpfa,mufjzpfonfh ]atmpfh[dk
&m*sfeD;&Sf}udkqef;ppf avhvmMunfhMuygpdkY/ atmhpf[dk&m*sfeD;&Sfonf tdEd,rS xGuf
ay:vmaom ]0dÓOfa&;&mq&m0dÓOfa&;&mq&m0dÓOfa&;&mq&m0dÓOfa&;&mq&m0dÓOfa&;&mq&m} tajrmuftjrm;xJrSwpfOD; jzpfonf/
(1981)ckESpf?arvwGif olonftar&duefjynfaxmifpkodkYoGm;í ]&m;*sfeD;&Sf
41
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
yl&rf}[laomNrdKUudk xlaxmifcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf (taemufEdkifiHtmPmydkifrsm;udk)
Oya'pnf;rsOf;ESifh NidpGrf;aom ta&;udpöudkusL;vGefrIESifh qefYusifrdjcif;aMumifh?
¤if;wdkY\zrf;qD;tjypfay;jcif;cH&NyD; jynfESif'Pfay;cHcJh&avonf/ olonf
tdE´d,EdkifiHodkY jyefvmcJhNyD; ]ylae} wGif ]bHktzGJU}wpfckudk zGJUpnf;cJhNyD; ]atmhpf[dk
bHktzGJU}[k trnfwGif\/ &m;*sfeD;&Sfonf (1990)wGifuG,fvGefaoqHk;cJh\/
atmhpf[dk&m;*sfeD;&Sf\ aemufvdkufaemufygrsm;u olYudk teEÅ pGrf;tm;&Sif ]bk&m;}
[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ ]ylae}&Sd ]atmhpf[dk bHktzGJU}odkY tvnftywfa&muf&Sd
vmaom {nfhonfonf atmufazmfjyygocsØKif;pmudk &m;*sfeD;&Sf\tkwf*lay:wGif
awGUEdkifonf/
]]atmhpf[dkonf rnfonfhtcgrQ arG;zGm;jcif;rcH&ovdk rnfonfh
tcgrQaoqHk;jcif;vnf;r&Sd/ olonf (1931)ckESpf?'DZifbmv (11)&ufrS ZEé0g&Dv
(19)&uftxdom urÇmN*dK[fodkY tvnftywf a&muf&SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf/}}
ol\aemufvdkufrsm; a&;om;&efarhavsmhcJhonfrSm atmhpf[dktm; urÇmh
EdkifiH(21)EdkifiHodkY0ifcGifhADZmay;jcif;rcH&[laom tcsufjzpfonf/ atmpfh[dk
&m;*sfeD;&Sf\ aemufvdkufrsm;taeESifh olwdkY\bk&m; urÇmN*dK[fudkvnfywfpOfu
EdkifiH wpfEdkifiHodkY0ifa&muf&ef ADZmvdktyfjcif;[laom jyóemudk jyóem[k
rjrifcJhMuacs/
þbk&m;tjzpf owfrSwfjcif;cH&aom b*0rf &m;*sfeD;&Sftm; udk;uG,f&m
jzpfjcif;udk rSwfausmufwifEdkifonfh pl&m[ftdpfcfvmqGfyg*kPft&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh
ppfaq; wdkif;wmMunfhMuygpdkY/
(1) yxrqHk;]pHcsdef?pHñTef;}rSm ]ajymMum;avmh? olonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf
jzpfonf/wpfyg;wnf; wnf&Sdawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfonf}/////þpHcsdefpHñTef;jzifh
]&m;*sfeD;&Sfonf wpfyg;wnf; wpfa,mufwnf;omvQif&Sdaomoljzpfygovm;}
[lonfhtcsufudkppfaq;ygu? olonfudk;uG,f&m t&SifrjzpfEdkifawmhyg/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf &m;*sfeD;&S fuJhodk Yyif rdrdudk,fudkbk&m;jzpfonf[k
tcdkiftrmajymqdkae aomolrsm; trsm;tjym;&Sdonf/ &m;*sfeD;&Sf\ tcsdKUaom
aemufvdkufrsm;taeESifh olonfwpfyg;wnf; wpfa,mufwnf;&Sdol[lonfh
,HkMunfcsufudk qufvufpGJudkifaumif; pGJudkifaernfjzpfonf/
(2) 'kwd,]pHEIef;}rSm]tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vdkvm; awmif hwjcif;
42
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
vHk;0uif;&Sif;awmfrlaomt&Sif? olwpfyg;wdkY\ rSDcdktm;xm;&mt&Sif? tEdIif;rJh
xm0&t&Sifjzpf awmfrl\/}
&m;*sfeD;&Sfonf (1990)ckESpfwGif uG,fvGefaoqHk;cJhaomaMumifh olonf
vdkvm;awmifhw rSDcd krIuif;jcif;ESifh xm0&wnf&Sdaomolr[kwfonfrSm
xif&Sm;onf/ ol\yk*d¾Kvfa&;qdkif&m txåKyÜwdårSod&onfrSm? olonfqD;csdKa&m*g?
yef;em &ifMuyfa&m*gESifh emwm&Snfausm½dk;ema&m*gwkdYudk cHpm;cJh&aMumif;od&\/
olu tar&dueftpdk;&onf olaxmifusaepOfumvtwGif; wjznf;jznf;
tqdyfoifhapatmif jyKvkyfcJhonf[k pGyfpGJajymqdkcJh\/ pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ teEÅ
pGrf;tm;&Sifonf wpfpHkwpfa,muf\tqdyfcyfjcif;udk cH&ygrnfvm;/ &m;*sfeD;&Sf
onf jynfhpHkjcif;vnf;r&Sd? edpöxm0&vnf;rwnf&Sdyg/
(3) wwd,pHEIef;rSm ]olonf rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf udkrQarG;zGm;rIr&Sd?
rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ arG;zGm;jcif;udk vnf;cHcJh&onfr[kwf}/uREfkyfwdkY
od&onfrSm &m;*sfeD;&Sfonf tdE´d,EdkifiH *smb,fvfyl;&fwGif arG;zGm;cJhNyD;?
rdcifzcifESpfyg;wdkY&SdMuNyD;? aemifwGifol\aemufvdkufjzpfoGm;cJhaMumif;od&ojzifh?
olonf ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}rjzpfEdkif/
(1981)ckESpf? arvwGif olonf tar&duefjynfaxmifpkodkYoGm;í
]&m;*sfeD;&Sfyl&rf}[laomNrdKUudk xlaxmifcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf (taemufEdkifiH
tmPmydkifrsm;\) Oya'pnf;rsOf;ESifhNidpGrf;aomta&;udpöudkusL;vGefrIESifh
qefYusifrdjcif;aMumifh? ¤if;wdkY\zrf;qD;tjypfay;jcif;cH&NyD;? jynfESif'Pfay;cHcJh
&avonf/ olonftdE´d,EdkifiHodkY jyefvmcJhNyD; ]ylae}wGif ]bHktzGJU}wpfckudk
zGJUpnf;cJhNyD; ]atmhpf[dkbHktzGJU} [ktrnfwGif\/ &m;*sfeD;&Sfonf (1990)wGif
uG,fvGefaoqHk;cJh\/ atmhpf[dk&m;*sfeD;&Sf\ aemufvdkufaemufygrsm;u olYudk
]teEÅpGrf;tm;&Sifbk&m;}[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ ]ylae}&Sd ]atmhpf[dkbHktzGJU}odkY
tvnftywfa&muf&Sdvmaom {nfhonfrsm;onf atmufazmfjyyg ocsØKif;pmudk
&m;*sfeD;&Sf\tkwf*lay:wGifawGUEdkifonf/ ]]atmhpf[dkb,faomtcg rSarG;zGm;jcif;
rcH&ovdk b,faomtcgrQ aoqHk;jcif;vnf;r&Sd/ olonf 1931ckESpf? 'DZifbmv
(11)&ufrS 1990ckESpf? ZEé0g&Dv(19)&ufaeYtxdom urÇmN*dKvfodkY tvnf
tywf a&muf&SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf/}} &m;*sfeD;&Sf\ aemufvdkufrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\bk&m;
&m;*sfeD;&Sftm; EdkifiHaygif;(21)EdkifiHtwGif; ADZmay;&eftmrcHay;jcif;rcH&[laom
43
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
tcsufudk? ocsØKif;pmwGifazmfjy&ef arhavsmhcJhMuonf/ bk&m;jzpfonf[k
owfrSwfjcif;cH&aom vlyk*d¾Kvfwpfa,muftwGuf EdkifiHwpfckodk Y0if&ef
ADZmvdktyfygovm;/ *&dEdkifiHrS*dkPf;csKyfbkef;awmfBuD;uajymcJhonfrSm ]tu,fí
om &m;*seD;&Sfonf jynfESif'Pfay;cH&jcif;rcHcJh&aomf ¤if;wkdYonf ol\tdrfESifh
aemufvdkufrsm;\tdrfrsm;tm; rD;½dIUzsufqD;Muvdrfhrnf} [líjzpfonf/
(4) pwkwåajrmufbk&m;jzpfaMumif; ]pHEIef;}rSm twif;tusyfqHk;? tcuftcJqHk;
tcsufjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ]olESifh *kPf&nfwl wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQyif r&Sd}[laom
tcsufyif jzpfonf/ pm½IoltaeESifh ,ckuREfkyfajymaecdkufrSmyif ]bk&m;}
udkpdwful;ESifhyHkazmfMunfhyg/ (odkY) bk&m;jzpfjcif;twGuf avQmufvTmwifxm;
aomyk*¾dKvftm; wpfpHkwpf&mESifh EdIif;,SOfMunfhyg/ xdkyk*¾dKvfonf ]udk;uG,f&m
t&Sif}rjzpfEdkifawmhyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf wpfqlwnf;aomudk;uG,f&m
tppftrSeftm; pdwful;½kyfyHkjzifh azmfaqmif&efrjzpfEdkifíjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY
od&onfrSm &m;*sfeD;&SSfonf vlom;wpfOD;jzpfNyD;? &Snfvsm;aomrkwfqdwfjzLBuD;rsm;
&Sdonf/ olYwGif rsufvHk; ESpfvHk;? em;ESpfbuf? ESmacgif;wpfck? yg;pyfwpfckyg\/
ol\ "gwfyHkrsm;ESifh ydkpwmrsm;pGmudk &&SdEdkifygonf/ toifu wpfpHk wpf&mudk
]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[k pdwful;ESifh yHkazmfvdkufonfESifh ol(&m;*sfeD;&SS f)onf
]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}r[kwfawmhyg/
txufazmfjyyg tajctaet&yf&yfay: ed*Hk;csKyfqdk&aomf armifpMu0Vm
[ktrnfay;jcif;cH&aom urÇmhpGrf;tm;BuD;aomvlom;[laom acgif;pOf
atmufwGif? vlom;wdkYu rdrdwdkY\,HkMunf&mvlyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; bk&m;oP²mef
oGif;&ef tm;xkwfjcif;omjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumihf]bk&m;jzpf?rjzpf rSwfausmufwif
ppfaq;jcif;} [laompmar;yGJtwGuf ed*Hk;csKyfrSwfcsufudk rnfodkYcsoifhoenf;/
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif tppftrSefrSvGJí rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ txuf
azmfjyyg]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} jzpfjcif;rSwfausmufwifrIudk ratmifEdkifyg/
uREfkyfwdkYonfrnfodkYaom trnfemrrsm;jzifU
udk;uG,f&mt&Sifudk ac:Muoenf;/
rGwfpvifrfrsm;twGuf ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}tm; t*Fvdyfa0g[m& ]God}
xuf ]Allah} (tv’m[f) [kac:a0:jcif;udk ydkESpfoufygonf/ tm&ADa0g[m&
44
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
]tv’m[f}onf ]]oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom? twkr&Sdaom? NydKifzufuif;aom}}
[laom teufrsm;yg0ifí t*Fvdyfa0g[m&]a*gh'f}ESif h¤if;\tEG,f0if
pum;vkH;rsm;ESifh t"dyÜg,fuGmjcm;ygonf/
toifonf ]God}[laompum;vHk;wGif]s}udk aygif;xnfhvdkufygu ]Gods}
bk&m;rsm;jzpfvmonf/ tv’m[fonf wpfyg;wnf;&SdNyD;?wpfckjyudef;jzpfonf/
]tv’m[f} [laompum;vkH;wGif trsm;yHkpHr&Sdyg/ toifonf ]God}[laom
pum;wGif ]dess}udkaygif;xnfhvdkufygu ]Goddess} bk&m;r [kjzpfvmonf/
tv’m[fwGif tv’m[fzdk (0g) tv’m[ftr [lír&Sdyg/ tv’m[fwGif vdifcGJjcm;rI
r&Sdyg/ tu,fí toifonf ]God} ta&SUwGif a&SUqufpum;vHk; ]tin}
udkxnfhvdkufyg/ ]bk&m;wk} jzpfvmayrnf/ ]tv’m[f}onf ]oD;oefY}wpfckwnf;
wnf&Sdaom pum;vHk;jzpfNyD;? rnfodkYaompdwful;ESifhrQ yHkazmfMunfhEdkifonfh
pdwful;½kyfyHkrS&dS/ ¤if;udk ua&mfur,fvkyfí azmfjyEdkifaomt&m[lí r&Sday/
xdkYaMumifh rGwfpvifrfrsm;twGuf ]tv’m[f} [laompum;vHk;udkoHk;pGJ&ef
ydkíESpfoufMuNyD;? rGwfpvifrfr[kwfolrsm;ESifh ajymqdkMuaomtcg? uREfkyfwdkY
rGwfpvifrfrsm;taeESif h ? xd kolrsm;em;vnfvG,fap&ef ]tv’m[f}ESif h
roifhavsmfaompum;vHk;jzpfonfh ]bk&m;}(odkY) ]bk&m;ocif}[laompum;vHk;udk
rvTJra&Smifom oHk;pGJMu&onf/ þpmtkyftwGuf &nf&G,fxm;aom pmzwf
y&dowfrSm a,bk,stm;jzifh rGwfpvifrfESifh rGwfpvifrf r[kwfolrsm;udkyg
&nf&G,fxm;aomaMumifh pma&;ol taeESifh ]tv’m[f}[laompum;vHk;tpm;
]bk&m;}[laom pum;vHk;udkom þusrf;i,f\ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;wGif
oHk;pGJxm;ygonf/ (bmomjyefqdkoltaeESifh ]God}[laom pum;vkH;udk ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}
[lívnf;aumif;? ]]bk&m; (0g) bk&m;ocif}}[lívnf;aumif;? oHk;EIef;xm;aMumif; owd
jyKapcsifygonf/)
udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonfudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonfudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonfudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonfudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf
vlom;wpfOD;jzpfrvmjcif; vlom;wpfOD;jzpfrvmjcif; vlom;wpfOD;jzpfrvmjcif; vlom;wpfOD;jzpfrvmjcif; vlom;wpfOD;jzpfrvmjcif;
tcsdKUaomvlrsm;u apm'uwufMuonfrSm udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf
rnfonfht&mrqdk jyKvkyfEdkifonfqdkvQif tb,faMumifh olonfvlom;toGifudk
raqmif&oenf;/ tu,fí ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}u tvdk&SdvQif olonfvlom;
jzpfEdkifygonf/ xdkodkY udk;uG,f&mt&Sifu vlom;tjzpfa&muf&SdvmygvQif? olonf
45
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
udk;uG,f&mt&Siftjzpf qufvuf &yfwnfEdkifawmhrnfr[kwfay/ tb,faMumifh
qdkaomf rsm;pGmaomudpö&yfrsm;twGufvlom;ESifh bk&m;\t&nftaoG;rsm;
onf o[ZmwrjzpfaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ atmufazmfjyyg pmydk'frsm;u?
udk;uG,f&mt&Sifu vlom;jzpfvmjcif;[laom t,ltq\ &,fzG,faumif;rIudk
azmfñTef;aeayonf/
udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf aorsdK;r[kwf? vlom;onf aorsdK;jzpfonf/
toifhtaeESifh vlom;bk&m;rjzpfEdkif? qdkvdkonfrSm vlom;jzpfygvsuf aorsdK;
r[kwf? raoEdkifaom bk&m;tjzpf wpfcsdefwnf;rSm oD;jcm;&yfwnf&SdaeonfrSm
rjzpfEdkifyg/ ,if;odkYjzpfaejcif;rSm t"dyÜm,fr&Sdyg/ bk&m;wGif ]tpjyKjcif;}
r&SdEdkifaomfvnf; vlom;wGif ol\]tp}onf &Sdaeayonf/ toifhtaeESifh
tpr&Sdaomyk*d¾KvfESifh tp&Sdaom yk*¾dKvfwpfNydKifeufrjzpfEdkifyg/ vlom;wGif
tqHk;&Sdonf/ toifhtaeESifh]tqHk;}&SdaomolESifh ]tqHk;}r&Sdaomol wpfNydKif
eufrjzpfEdkifyg/ þodkY qefYusifbufoabmaqmifolESpfOD; wGJzufí wpfNydKifeuf
wnf;rSmjzpfEkdifjcif;onf t"dyÜm,fuif;rJhaeyg onf/
vlom;taeESifh ol\toufudk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&ef tm[m&"mwf
vdktyfaomfvnf; udk;uG,f&mt&Sif teEÅpGrf;tm;&SiftaeESifh wpfpHkwpf&mudk
pm;oHk;í toufudk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&efrvdkyg/ xdkYaMumifhusrf;awmfjrwf
uk&ftmef(6;14)wGif
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]]xdkt&Sifjrwfonf (olwpfyg; wdkYudk) auR;arG;awmfrl\/ xdkt&Sifjrwfonf
(olwpfyg;\) auR;arG;jcif; udkrlum; cH&awmfrlonfr[kwfacs/}}
(uk&ftmef 6;14)
vlom;taeESifh tdyfpuftem;r,lbJ raeEdkifaomfvnf; bk&m;taeESifh
tem;,l&ef(0g)tdyfpuftem;,l&ef rvdkay/ teEåpGrf;tm;&Sif\ tdyfpuf
tem;,ljcif;rvdktyfaMumif;udk uk&ftmefusrf;jrwf\ atmufygusrf;ydk'fwGif
avhvmEdkifonf/
46
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
��� ���� ���� ��� ������ ���������� � ���� ���� �!�"��� ���# ���$ �� ��$ � ��%&��
�'()*� !�+ ����� �,�����-./�� !�+
]]xdkt&Sifjrwfonf tNrJ&Sifaeawmfrlaomt&Sif? (rdrdudk,fawmfwdkif
xm0&wnfaeawmfrlí owå0g taygif;wdk Yud kvnf;) xdef;odrf;
apmifha&Smuf awmfrl aomt&Sif jzpfawmfrl\/ xdkt&Sifjrwftm; idkufjrnf;
jcif;onfvnf;aumif;? tdyfpufjcif;onf vnf;aumif; rzdpD;Edkifay/
xdkt&SifjrwfonfomvQif rdk;aumif;uif pMu0Vmrsm;ESifh urÇmN*dK[fü
&Sd&SdorQaom (ouf&Sd? oufrJh) t&m0wåK[lorQwdkYudk ydkifqdkif awmfrlaom
t&Sifjzpfawmfrl\/} (uk&ftmef 2;255)
tjcm;vlom;wpfOD;tm;
udk;uG,fjcif;onftusdK;r&Sd
bk&m;onf vlom;jzpfvmjcif;[laomt,ltqonf vufcHEdkifbG,f&m
r&Sd[k uREfkyfwkdY,lqvQif bk&m;ppf?bk&m;rSefjzpfonfh ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif
tv’m[f}rSvGJí tjcm;aomvlom;wpfOD;OD;udk udk;uG,fjcif;onfvnf;
t"dyÜm,frJhaomvkyf&yfjzpfonf[laomtcsufudkvnf; uREfkyfwkdYvufcHoabmwl
oifhygonf/ tu,fí]bk&m;}onf vlom;toGifajymif;vmvQif? olonf
rdrdudk,fudk]bk&m;}tjzpfrS&yfpJNyD; vlom; t&nftcsif;tm;vHk;ydkifqdkif&ef
vdktyfvmavonf/ Oyrm-tvGefxl;cRefaom ygarmu©BuD;wpfOD;onf
tufqD;'ifhwpfckaMumifh tpm;xdk;ír&Edkifaom rSwfÓPfaysmufqHk;oGm;onfh
tjzpfqkd;BuHKrnfqdkvQif? oufqdkif&mbmom&yfESifhywfoufí qnf;yl;aeaom
ausmif;ol?ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf olYxHwGif qufvufNyD;oif,lqnf;yl;aeygu
t"dyÜm,frJhaom ½l;oGyfrI jzpfaeayrnf/
xdkYtjyif tu,fí]bk&m;}onf vlom;toGifaqmifygu? xdktoGifaqmif
cJh&aom vlom;onf aemifwGifbk&m; rjzpfEdkif/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfcsuft& vlom;onf bk&m;jzpfEd kifaompGrf;&nfudk
rydkifqkdifxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh vltoGif&Sdaombk&m;udk
ukd;uG,fjcif;onf ,kwdårwefaom tawG;tac: rSm;,Gif;rIjzpfí bk&m;tm;
yH kyef;oP²mefrsdK;pH kazmfí jyKvkyfudk;uG,fjcif;onfvnf; rESpfNrdKUbG,f
47
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
aumif;ygonf/
þonfyifvQif usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif ewfbk&m; ukd;uG,fjcif;trsKd;rsdK;udk
qefYusif&efa[mMum;xm;&aom taMumif;t&if;jzpfonf/ atmufazmfjyyg
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ usrf;ydk'fawmfwGif? ½kyfyGm;? ½kyfxkrsm;onf tv’m[fESifh
vm;vm;rQrtyfpyfaMumif;azmfjyxm;onf/
������ ������ � ���� �
]]xd kt&SifjrwfESif hwlaom (tzefqif;cH)[líum; rnfonfh
wpfpHkwpf&mrQyifr&Sd/}} (uk&ftmef 42;11)
udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonfudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonfudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonfudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonfudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf
bk&m;rqefaomtjyKtrludkjyKrnfr[kwfbk&m;rqefaomtjyKtrludkjyKrnfr[kwfbk&m;rqefaomtjyKtrludkjyKrnfr[kwfbk&m;rqefaomtjyKtrludkjyKrnfr[kwfbk&m;rqefaomtjyKtrludkjyKrnfr[kwf
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ yuwd*kPf&nfawmfrsm;rSm w&m;rQwjcif;? oem;
Muifemjcif;ESifh opömw&m;? trSefw&m;rsm; jzpfav&m? bk&m;ppf? bk&m;rSef[l
onf raumif;rItaygif;udk ydwfyifuefYowfavonf/ bk&m;onf bk&m;
rqefaom tjyKtrlrsdK;jyK&ef b,faomtcgrQ BuHpnfrI&Sdrnfr[kwf/ xdkY aMumifh
bk&m;onfvdrfvnfajymqdkjcif;? w&m;rQwrIr&Sdjcif;? trSm;,Gif;jyKvkyfrdjcif;?
arhrSm;jcif;paom vlom;\tm;enf;csufrsm;uJhodkY jyKvkyfrnfr[kwf/ xdkenf;
wlpGm? w&m;rQwrIr&Sdjcif;udk vkyfvdkuvkyfEdkifaomfvnf;? xdkodkYjyKrljcif;onf
bk&m;rqefaomvkyf&yfjzpfjcif;aMumifh? bk&m;ppf?bk&m;rSefonf b,faomtcgrQ
jyKrnfr[kwf/
xdkYaMumifh usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif
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]]trSefpifppf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf jrLrIefcef YrQ rawmfrw&m;
jyKawmfrlrnfr[kwfay/}} (uk&ftmef4;40)
udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf rw&m;rIudk rdrdtvdkqE&SdvQif vkyfEdkifaomfvnf;?
b,faomtcgrQvkyfrnfr[kwf? xdkodkY vkyfvdkufonfESifh olonfbk&m;tjzpfrS
48
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
&yfqdkif;oGm;rnf jzpfonf/
udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonfudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonfudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonfudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonfudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf
trSm;ukdvkyfrnfr[kwfovdk arhavsmhrnfvnf;r[kwftrSm;ukdvkyfrnfr[kwfovdk arhavsmhrnfvnf;r[kwftrSm;ukdvkyfrnfr[kwfovdk arhavsmhrnfvnf;r[kwftrSm;ukdvkyfrnfr[kwfovdk arhavsmhrnfvnf;r[kwftrSm;ukdvkyfrnfr[kwfovdk arhavsmhrnfvnf;r[kwf
bk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf arhavsmhwwfrnfr[kwf? tb,faMumifh
qdkaomf arhavsmhjcif;onf bk&m;r[kwfaom tjyKtrljzpfaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
arhavQmhjcif;onf uefYowffcsufrsm;&Sdaom vlom;\ obm0tm;enf;csufudk
azmfjyaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ xdkenf;wlpGm bk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf
trSm;udkusL;vGefrnfr[kwf/ tb,faMumifh qdkaomf trSm;usL;vGefjcif;onf
bk&m;r[kwfaomtjyKtrl jzpfonf/
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]](trSefpifppf) uREfkyf\t&Sifjrwfonf arSmufrSm;awmfrlonfvnf; r[kwf
ay/ arhavsmhawmfrlonf vnf; r[kwfacs/}} (uk&ftmef 20;52)
bk&m;onf bk&m;qefpGmjyKrlrnf bk&m;onf bk&m;qefpGmjyKrlrnf bk&m;onf bk&m;qefpGmjyKrlrnf bk&m;onf bk&m;qefpGmjyKrlrnf bk&m;onf bk&m;qefpGmjyKrlrnf
bk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)wGif t&mcyfodrf;wkdYudk Edkifeif; vTrf;rdk;awmfrl
aompGrf;tm;&Sdonf/ tpövmrfbmom\bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)[lonfh
todonmwGif bk&m;onf (udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf)t&mcyfodrf;udk Edkifeif;
vTrf;rdk;awmfrlaom t&Sifjzpfonf/
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ rsm;pGmaomae&mrsm;wGif
������� ��� ���� ����� ������ ����
]]{uefrkcs tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf t&mcyfodrf;wkdY tay:0,f pGrf;aqmif
Edkifawmfrlaom teEåwefcdk;awmf&Sif wnf;}}
[laom*kPfawmfudk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef (2;106?2;109? 2;284? 3;29? 16;77ESifh
35;1) wdkYwGif azmfjyxm;ayonf/
xdkYjyif crf;em;xnf0gaomuk&ftmefwGif azmfjyonfrSm
������� ��� ��� ���
49
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
]tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rdrd&nfpl;awmfrlaomudpöudk NyD;ajrmufatmif
aqmif&Gufawmfrlaomt&Sifjzpfonf/} (uk&ftmef 85;16)
uREfkyfpdwfxJwGif odjrifqifjcif&rnfrSm tv’m[fonf bk&m;qefaom
tjyKtrludkom &nf&G,fjyKrlwwfNyD;? bk&m; rqefaomtjyKtrludk jyKvkyfrnf
r[kwf[laomtcsufyif jzpfonf/
ajrmufjrm;pGmaombmomw&m;rsm;\ tcsdKUaomtcsufrsm;wGif ?
ewfbk&m;rsm; udk;uG,fjcif;t,ltqudk wkduf½d kufaomfvnf;aumif;?
oG,f0dkufíaomfvnf;aumif; ,HkMunfMuonf/ þonf\qdkvdk&if;rSm
bk&m;onfvlom;toGifodkY a&muf&Sdvmjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wkdY\t,ltq
oabmxm;rSm bk&m;onf tvGefoefYpifrGefjrwfvSaomaMumifh? vlom;wGif
jzpfay:cHpm;&wwfaomtcuftcJrsm;? qif;&Jyifyef;rIrsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh
cHpm;csufrsm;udk owdrjyKEdkifaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh vlom;rsm;twGuf
pnf;rsOf;Oya'orsm; owfrSwf&efbk&m;onf vlom;toGifaqmifí
urÇmajray:odkY oufqif;onf/ þodkYvSnfhpm;wwfaom tawG;tac:onf
acwfordkif;tqufquf ra&wGufEdkifatmifrsm;jym;aom vlom;oef;aygif;
rsm;pGmudk ½l;oGyfapcJ honf/ uREf kyfwdk YtaeESif h þjiif;cH ka0zefjcif;udk
cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmavhvmNyD;? ,if;onf taMumif;w&m;tjzpf &yfwnfoif?h
r&yfwnfoifhqdkaom tcsufudk a0zefqef;ppfMunfhMuygpdkY/
zefqif;&Sifonfzefqif;&Sifonfzefqif;&Sifonfzefqif;&Sifonfzefqif;&Sifonf
vrf;ñTefcsufvufpGJpmtkyfudk toifhjyifqifxm;onfvrf;ñTefcsufvufpGJpmtkyfudk toifhjyifqifxm;onfvrf;ñTefcsufvufpGJpmtkyfudk toifhjyifqifxm;onfvrf;ñTefcsufvufpGJpmtkyfudk toifhjyifqifxm;onfvrf;ñTefcsufvufpGJpmtkyfudk toifhjyifqifxm;onf
tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf uREf kyfwd k Yvlom;rsm;tm; todÓPfESif h
usdK;aMumif;qifjcifEdkifaompGrf;tm;udk ay;oem;tyfESif;xm;awmfrl\/ xdk
pGrf;tm;rsm;jzif h uREf kyfwYk d vlom;rsm;onf rdrdwdk YtwGuf wdusaom
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;jzifh ypönf;ud&d,mwefqmyvmrsm;udk BuHq? wDxGif? zefwD;
xkwfvkyfrIrsm; jyKvkyfcJhMuonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifhqdk&aomf toHzrf;pufrsm;udk
tajrmuftjrm; xkwfvkyfonfqkdygpdkY/ toHzrf;puf xkwfvkyfa&;twGuf
rnfonfht&mu aumif;onfudk od&eftvdYkiSg xkwfvkyfoludk,fwdkifu toHzrf;
pufjzpf&efvdkonf[lí rnfonfhtcgurQ ajymqdktBuHjyKjcif; r&SdcJhyg/ aocsm
onfrSm xkwfvkyfoltaeESifh ol\xkwfukefESifhywfoufí jynfhpHkaom
50
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
todynm&Sdxm;jcif;aMumifh vrf;ñTefvufpGJpmtkkyfudk xkwfvkyfayrnf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifhqdkaomf xdkvrf;ñTefvufpGJpmtkyfu puftwGuf rnfonf
wkdYudkvkyf&rnf? rvkyf&[laomñTefMum;rIudk twdtusay;rnfjzpfonf/
tu,fí oifonfvlom;tm; puf,Eå&m;wpfck tjzpf,lqygu?
tv’m[f\½IwfaxG;aom zefqif;rIwpf&yf[kom ,lqEdkifonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif? tv’m[fonf zefqif;&SifjzpfaomaMumifh? vlom;twGuf
rnfonfhwkdYuaumif;onf? rnfonfwdkYu raumif;onfudk od&eftvYdkiSm
tv’m[frS vltoGifaqmif&ef rvdktyfay/ xdkt&SiftaeESifh vlom;rsdK;EG,f
wpf&yfvH k;twGuf vrf;ñTefvufpG Jpmtkyfud k xkwfjyefyd k Ycsay;&efom
vdktyfayonf/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefonf vlom;rsdK;EG,fwpfckvHk;twGuf
tv’m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfrS xkwfjyefcsrSwfxm;aom vrf;ñTefvufpGJpmtkyf
jzpfavonf/
xdkYtjyif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf ol\zefqif;cHrsm;tm;vHk;udk ¤if;wdkY\
vkyf&yfrsm;ESifhywfoufí urÇmhw&m;pD&ifrnfhaeY (ud,mrofaeY)wGif ppfaq;rnf
jzpfonf/ þodkY ppfaq;&onfhtaMumif;t&if;rSm uREfkyfwdkYb0twGuf usifh&ef?
MuOf&efrsm;udk vrf;ñTefusrf;rsm;tm;jzifh today;xm;NyD; jzpfaomaMumifh
jzpfonf/
tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf
]owif;ay;rnfhwrefawmf}rsm;udk a½G;cs,fjcif;
tv’m[ft&SiftaeESifh ol\vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;csrSwf&eftwGuf udk,fwdkif
qif;ouf<ucsDvm&efrvkdtyfacs/ acwfordkif; tqufqufwGif tv’m[fonf?
acwfwdkif;?vlrsdK;wdkif;rS vlom;rsm;udka½G;cs,fNyD; tv’m[ft&Sif\ "r®w&m;
vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;udk a[mMum;aponf/ þuJhodkY a½G;cs,fjcif;cH&aom vlom;rsm;
tm; tv’m[f\&plvf (odkYr[kwf) eADwrefawmfrsm;[kac:onf/
rsufpduef;olrsm;ESifh em;yif;olrsm;
odkYaomfjim;vnf;? t"dyÜm,frJhaomewfbk&m;rsm;udk udk;uG,f,HkMunfjcif;
51
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
[laom t,ltqudkrsm;pGmaom bmomw&m;rsm;\ aemufvdkufrsm;u
,HkMunfMuonfhtjyif? tjcm;olrsm;udkvnf; ¤if;wdY kuJhodk Y,HkMunfap&ef
a[mMum;Muonf/ þodkYaomjyKrlcsufrSm vlom;\todÓPfudk apmfum;
vdkufonfomru? xdktodÓPfudk ay;oem;xm;awmfrlaomzefqif;&Sifudkyg
apmfum;vdkufjcif; r[kwfygoavm/ þodkY ewfbk&m;rsm;udk ,HkMunfudk;uG,f
ylaZmfyoaeaomolrsm;onf trSefpifppf tv’m[fay;oem;xm;aom
em;&SdygvQufrMum;aom ]em;yif;rsm;}? rsufaph&SdygvQufESifhrjrifMuaom
]rsufuef;}rsm;jzpfaeonf r[kwfygavm/ xdkYaMumifh usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif
��������� �� � ���� ������ � ���� � ��
]]xdkolrsm;onf (trSefw&m;udk rMum;vdkMuonfhtwGuf) em;yif;olrsm;
rnf\/ (trSefw&m;udk rajymvdkMuonfhtwGuf)qHGUtolrsm; vnf;
rnf\/ (trSefw&m;udk rjrifvdkMuonfhtwGuf) rsufuef;rsm;vnf;
rnf\/odkYjzpf&m 4if;wkdYonf þokYd (vrf;ñTefw&m;bufodkY) jyefvSnfh
Murnf r[kwfay/}} (uk&ftmef 2;18)
txufazmfjyyg tm,ofawmfESifh tvm;wlowif;ay;csufudk or®musrf;\
&SifróJc&pf0ifusrf;wGif atmufyg twdkif; azmfjyxm;\/
]]olwdkYonfjrifvsufESifhrjrif? Mum;vsufrMum;? teufudkvnf; em;rvnf
aomaMumifh Oyrmaqmifí iga[majym\/}} [Mathew 13:13]
txufazmfjyyg usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef? or®musrf;vm usrf;ydk'fESifh tvm;wl
usrf;ydk'fudkvnf; [dELusrf;*ef? &pf*fa0'usrf;wGifawGUEdkifonf/
]]pum;vHk;rsm;udkjrifygvsufESif h trSefwu,frjrifMuaomolrsm;? þ
pum;vHk;udk Mum;ygvsufESifh trSefwu,f rMum;Muaomolrsm; &Sdayvdrfhrnf/}}
[Rigveda 10:71:4]
þusrf;*efrsm;rS pm½Ioltm;ajymMum;aeonfrSm? t&mtm;vHk;udk
&Sif;vif;vG,fulpGm odjrifem;vnfEdkifatmifjyKxm;ygvQufESifh? trSefw&m;rS
aoGznfívrf;vGJukefolrsm;&SdaMumif;yifjzpfonf/
52
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ *kPf&nfawmfrsm;
tvStyqHk; trnfemrawmfrsm;onf tv’m[ft&SifjrwftwGufom
jzpfonf/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif rdefYqdkxm;onfrSm
�������� �� �� ������� ��� ����� ��������� ����� ���� ��! � ����� �"#$
%�&�'(��
]](tdk-eADwrefawmf)toifonf(4if;wdkYtm; þodkY) ajymMum; ygav/
toifwdkYonftv’m[f[lí woMuukef/ odkYwnf;r[kwf &[frmef[lí
woMu avukef/ toifwk d Yonf rnfod k Yyif woMuonf jzpfap
(aumif;jrwfvSayonf/) (tb,faMumifhqdkaomf) xdkt&Sif jrwfü
txl;aumif;jrwfpGmaom emrawmfteEÅ&Sdaeay&m (þemrawmf
ESpfyg;rSmvnf; xdk emrawmfrsm;teuf tjrifhjrwfqHk; emrawmfrsm; yif
jzpfukef)\/}} (ukeftmef17;110)
tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ vSyaomemrawmfrsm;ESifh ywfoufí tvm;wl
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk usrf;jrwf uk&ftmef\ pl&m[ft,f(vf)ttf&zf
(7;180)? pl&m[foGm[m (20;8)ESifh pl&m[f[&S&f (59;23-24)rsm;wGif awGUEdkifav
onf/
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif teEÅpGrf;tm;&Sif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\*kPfawmf
(99)yg;xufrenf;azmfjyxm;NyD;? ¤if;wdkYteuf tjrifhjrwfqHk;*kPfawmfrSm
]tv’m[f} jzpfonf/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif tv’m[ft&Sifudk t&f&[frmef
(tEIdif;rJhu½kPmawmf&Sif)? t&f&[D;rf (teEÅaumif;csD;u½kPmay;awmfrl
aomt&Sif)ESifhtvf[uD;rf (ÓPfawmfteEÅ&Sif) paom*kPfawmfrsm;udk
tjcm;*kPfawmfrsm;xufydkí udk;um;onfudkawGU&\/ toifonf tv’m[f
t&Sifjrwftm; toif BudKufESpfouf&memrawmfudk ac:a0:woEdkifygaomf
vnf;? oifac:a0:woaom tv’m[ftrnfrSm vSyaomemrawmfjzpf
oifhygonf/ xYdktjyif xdkemrawmfonf pdwful;½kyfyHkwpfckudk yHk&dyfwGifítm½Hkü
jrifapaom emrawmfvnf; rjzpfoifhyg/
53
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\*kPf&nfawmfwkdif;onf
twkr&Sd? NydKifbufuif;aom*kPfawmfrsm;jzpfí
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif wpfOD;wnf;uomydkifqdkifaMumif;}
(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf twkr&SdNydKifbufuif;aom *kPf&nfawmfrsm;udk
ydkifqdkifonfomru? teEåpGrf;tm;&Sif\ *kPfawmfwpfckcsif;onfvnf;
xdkt&Siftm;tjcm;t&mrsm;rS cGJjcm;Edkifatmif jynfhpHkvSayonf/ uREfkyfonf
þtcsufudk tao;pdwf&Sif;vif;wifjyygrnf/ uREfkyfwkdYonf ausmfMum;
xif&Sm;aomyk*¾dKvfrsm;teuf tzufzufrSjynfhpHkaom? tmumo,mOfrSL;
eD;vftrfpxa&mif;udk Oyrmtjzpfa&G;cs,fonfqdkygpdkY/
tu,fí wpfpHkwpfa,mufrS eD;vftrfpxa&mif;onf tar&duef
vlrsdK;wpfOD;jzpfonf[kqdkygu þtcsufrSmrSefaomfvnf; tar&duefvlrsdK;
jzpfjcif;[laom t&nftaoG;onf olYudktjcm;tar&duefvlrsdK;rsm;rS cGJjcm;
azmfjyEdkifpGrf;r&Sday/ tvm;wlyif eD;vftrfpxa&mif;onf tmumo,mOfrSL;
jzpfjcif;onf eD;vftrfpxa&mif;udk oD;jcm;azmfxkwfEdkifjcif;r&Sdyg/ xdkYaMumifh
vlyk*d¾KvfwpfOD;udk oD;oefYcGJjcm;jyEdkif&efrSm uREfkyfwdkYtaeESifh tjcm;olrsm;ESifh
rwlaom xdkol\*kPf? t&nftaoG;rsm;udk &SmazGazmfxkwf&efvdktyfygonf/
Oyrm- eD;vftrfpxa&mif;onf vurÇmwGif yxrOD;qHk;ajccsEdkifcJhaom
vlom;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh wpfpHkwpfa,mufu rnfolonf yxrOD;qHk;
vay:wGif ajccsEdkifcJhygoenf;[kqdkvQif tajzonf wpfOD;wpfa,mufwnf;
omjzpfonfh eD;vftrf;pxa&mif; jzpfonf/ xdkenf;wlpGm? teEÅpGrf;tm;&Sif\
*kPfawmfrsm;onfvnf; oD;oefY&Sdaom twkr&Sd? NydKifbufuif;aom*kPfawmf
rsm;&Sdoifhygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh pMu0VmteEåudk zefqif;jyKvkyfawmfrlaom
zefqif;&Sif? tu,fí uREfkyfu taqmuftOD;\ zefqif;&Sif? zefwD;&Sif
[kqdkvdkufvQif? ¤if;azmfjycsufonf rSefvnf;rSef? jzpfvnf;jzpfEdkifygonf/odkYaomf
twkr&Sd? NydKifbufuif;aomfum;r&Sd/ axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom vlom;rsm;onf
taqmuftOD;udk wnfaqmufEdkifonf/ þodkYqdkvQif vlom;ESifh udk;uG,f&m
t&SifMum;wGif uGJjym;jcm;em;rIr&Sd jzpfoGm;rnf/ odkYaomf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\
*kPfawmfwpfckcsif;onf tjcm;ouf&S doufrJ ht&mcyfodrf;ESif hrqd kif?
tv’m[fwpfyg;wnf;udkom azmfñTef;Edkifaom*kPfawmfrsm;jzpfMuonf/
54
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
Oyrmtm;jzifhOyrmtm;jzifhOyrmtm;jzifhOyrmtm;jzifhOyrmtm;jzifh
-t&f-&[D;rf-teEÅaumif;csD; u½kPmay;awmfrlaomt&Sif
-t&f-&[frmef-tEdIif;rJhu½kPmawmf&Sif
-tvf-[uD;rf-ÓPfawmfteEÅ&Sif
xdkYaMumifh wpfpHkwpfa,mufu ]t&f&[D;rf} qdkolrSm rnfolenf;[k
ar;vmvQif twdkif;tqrJh oem;MuifemawmfrlqHk;aomt&Sif [lonfhtajz
wpfckom&Sdonf/ þ*kPfffawmf&Sifonf teEÅpGrf;tm;&Sif tv’m[ft&SifrSvGJí
rnfolwpfOD; wpfa,mufESifhrQ rxdkufwefyg/
xm0&bk&m;ocif\*kPfawmfwpfckonf?
¤if;\ tjcm;aom*kPfawmfrsm;ESifh uGJvGJqefYusifrIr&Sdoifhjcif;
tapmydkif;wGif wifjycJhaomOyrmESifh qufvufwifjy&vQif? wpfpHk
wpfa,mufu eD;vftrfpxa&mif;onf t&yfav;ayom&Sdaom tar&duef
tmumo,mOfrSL;wpfOD;jzpfonf[kqdkvmygu? tar&duef tmumo,mOfrSL;
onf rSefuefaomfvnf;? ¤if;ESifhwGJzufíazmfjyaom (av;ayomjrifhonf)
[laomtcsufrSmrSm;onf/ tvm;wlyif wpfpHkwpfa,mufu ]bk&m;}onf
pMu0VmteEÅudk jyKvkyfzefqif;awmfrlaom zefqif;&SifjzpfNyD;? acgif;wpfvHk;?
ajcaxmuf ESpfacsmif;? vufESpfzufponfwdk Y&S donf[kajymvmcJhaomf?
yxr*kPf&nfjzpfonfh pMu0Vmudkzefqif;ol[laom *kPfawmfrSm rSefaomfvnf;?
¤if;ESih fwGJzufazmfjyaom t&nftaoG;jzpfonfh vlom;\toGifonf
rrSefuefEdkifatmif vHk;0rSm;,Gif;aeayonf/
tm;vHk;aom*kPfawmfrsm;onftm;vHk;aom*kPfawmfrsm;onftm;vHk;aom*kPfawmfrsm;onftm;vHk;aom*kPfawmfrsm;onftm;vHk;aom*kPfawmfrsm;onf
wpfqlwnf;aom xm0&bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif) udkom ñTefjyoifhjcif;wpfqlwnf;aom xm0&bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif) udkom ñTefjyoifhjcif;wpfqlwnf;aom xm0&bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif) udkom ñTefjyoifhjcif;wpfqlwnf;aom xm0&bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif) udkom ñTefjyoifhjcif;wpfqlwnf;aom xm0&bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif) udkom ñTefjyoifhjcif;
udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf wpfqlwnf;&Sdjcif;aMumifh? *kPfawmftm;vHk;onf
xd kt&Si fwpfyg;wnf;twGufom jzpfoif honf/ ajym&rnfqd kvQi f
eD;vftrfpxa&mif;onf? vurÇmay:odkY yxrOD;qHkk;ajccsaom tar&duef
tmumo,mOfrSL;jzpfonf[kqdkvQif? þodkYaom t&nftcsif;udk ydkifqdkifaom
55
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
olonf 'kwd,jzpfaomtuf'Gift,fvf'&if jzpfonf[kqdkvQif rSm;,Gif;ayrnf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xdkyk*d¾KvfESpfOD;pvHk;wGif oD;jcm;t&nftaoG;rsm;
ydkifqdkifxm;jcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/tvm;wlyif zefqif;&Sifonf bk&m;wpfqljzpfí
c&pf&Semonf tjcm;aombk&m;wpfql[kqdkygu qifjcifpOf;pm;&eftwGuf
qefYusifaomoabmaqmifaeayrnf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tm;vHk;aom
*kPfawmfrsm;udkaygif;pyfíydkifqdkifawmfrlaomt&Sifonf wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;
omjzpfoifhaomaMumifh jzpfonf/
xm0&bk&m;ocif(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onfxm0&bk&m;ocif(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onfxm0&bk&m;ocif(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onfxm0&bk&m;ocif(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onfxm0&bk&m;ocif(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf
wpfyg;wnf;jzpfjcif;wpfyg;wnf;jzpfjcif;wpfyg;wnf;jzpfjcif;wpfyg;wnf;jzpfjcif;wpfyg;wnf;jzpfjcif;
tcsdKUaomA[kemx0g'D (wpfyg;ruaomewfbk&m;rsm;udk udk;uG,fol
rsm;)u? bk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf wpfqlxufydkí wnf&Sdaejcif;onf
,kwdåwefaom taMumif;w&m;jzpfonf[k jiif;cHkaeMuygonf/ xdkolrsm;
udkaxmufjy&rnfqdkvQif tu,fí wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;xuf bk&m;rsm;
yd kí&SdonfqdkvQif?bk&m;wdkif;u ¤if;wkd YtoD;oD;\qE´udk jznfhpGuf&ef
BudK;pm;MuvQif wpfyg;\qE´udk wpfyg;uqefYusifrdMuí wpfyg;ESifhwpfyg;
y#dyu©jzpfEdkifygonf/þodkYaom jzpf&yfrsm;udk A[kemx0g'ESifh bmomw&m;
toD;oD;rS bk&m;rsm;udk todtrSwfjyKudk;uG,faom0g'rsm;\ '@m&DyHkjyifrsm;
wGif awGUEdkifygonf/ tu,fí bk&m;wpfqlonf tjcm;bk&m;rsm;\ atmifEdkifrI
udkcH&aomtcg? (odk Y) tjcm;bk&m;rsm;udk ratmifEdkifaomtcgrsdK;wGif
xdkbk&m;onf bk&m;ppf? bk&m;rSefr[kwfawmhay/ xdkYjyif A[kemx0g' ac:
wpfyg;ruaom ewfbk&m;rsm;udk udk;uG,faomolrsm;tMum;wGif xif&Sm;aom
t,ltqwpf&yfrSm? ewfbk&m;rsm;wGif toD;oD;aomwm0ef0wå&m;rsm;
&Sdonf[laom t,ltqjzpfonf/ bk&m;wkdif;onf vlom;rsm;wnf&SdaerI
twGuf wm0ef&Sdayonf/ Oyrm-aebk&m;? rdk;bk&m;ponfwkdYjzpfonf/
þt"dyÜm,frSm? tcsdKUaomvkyf&yfrsm;twGuf bk&m;wpfyg;wnf;ESif h
rvHkavmufaomoabmjzpfNyD;? xdkbk&m;onf tjcm;aombk&m;rsm;\wm0ef?
0wå&m;rsm;udkvnf; vspfvsL½I&ma&mufovdk? rpGrf;aqmifEdkif&mvnf;a&muf
ayonf/ xdkYaMumifh bk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif) onf wpfyg;xufydkí&Sdaeygu
½IwfaxG;rI? y&rf;ywmjzpfrIESifh? tpDtpOfrusrIrsm; avmuwGifay:aygufNyD;
56
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
pMu0VmBuD; ysufokef;oGm;ayrnf jzpfonf/odk YaomfpMu0VmBuD;onf
jynfhpHkaomo[ZmwnDrQrI twGif; ,aeYxufwdkif&Sdaeygonf/
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefü-
���� ������ � ����������� ����������� ���� ���� ������ �������� � ��� �!�
� !"���#�$ �%��& �'�(�)*�
]]tu,fíom ,if; (rdk;aumif;uifrsm;ESifh urÇmN*dK[f) ESpfckwGif
tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftjyif tjcm; udk;uG,f&mrsm; &SdcJhMuygrl (rdk;aumif;
uifrsm;ESifh urÇm N*dK[f)ESpfckpvHk;rSm rvGJ{uef ysufpD;cJhNyD; jzpfMuay rnf/
pifppfaomfum; ]t&f&Sf}yv’ifawmfudk pdk;ydkifawmfrlaom tv’m[f
t&Sifjrwfonf 4if;wdkYBuHzefpGyfpGJMuonf wdkY rS(t<uif;rJh) pifMu,f oefY&Sif;
tjypfuif;awmfrl\/}} (usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 21;22)
tu,fíom udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf wpfqlxufydkí&Sdygu? ¤if;wdkY
zefqif;xm;aomt&mrsm;udk ¤if;wdkYzmom ,laqmifoGm;Murnfomjzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif atmufygtwdkif;azmfjyxm;ayrnf/
������ �� ��� ���� ����� ������ ���� ������ ���� ����� ������ ��� ������ ������� ��� ��!"�#�$ ��%�& ������ ����'�(�) �*���+ ,���& �-�.�/���+ ��������� �0���1 ��%�+
]]tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf om;awmf[lí wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQyif
a&G;cs,fjyKvkyf xm;awmf rlonf r[kwfay/ xdkenf;wlpGm xdkt&SifESihftwl
udk;uG,f&m [lívnf;(tjcm;)wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQyif tvsOf; r&Sd acs/
odkY&SdcJhygrl udk;uG,f&mwdkif;onf rdrdzefqif; xm;aom t&mcyfodrf;wdkYudk
trSefyifac:aqmifí xGufoGm;cJhrnfomru?xdkudk;uG,f&mwdkYteufwpf
OD;onfwpfOD;\ tay:ürkcsvTrf;rdk;rnfom/tv’m[f t&Sifjrwfonf
4if;wkdYBuHzefpGyfpGJ ajymqdkMuukefaom taMumif;? udpö wdkYrS vHk;0pifMu,f
oefY&Sif;awmfrl\}} (usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 23;91)
xdkYaMumifh ppfrSefaom? jrifhjrwfaom? tiftm;BuD;aom? wpfyg;wnf;
wnf&Sdawmfrljcif;onfomvQif ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} \,kwdåwefaomtodonm
57
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
omjzpfonf/ Ak'¨bmomESifh? uGef;jzL;½Syf0g'wdk YuJhodk Y zefqif;&Sif&S drIudk
oHo,&Sdaombmomw&m;tcsdKUvnf;&S dayonf/ xdkbmomrsm;onf
udk;uG,f&mzefqif;&Sif(God)&Sdjcif;ESifh ywfoufí? axmufcHcsuf ? jiif;y,fcsuf
wpfpHkwpf&mrjyKyg/ zefqif;&Sifbk&m;&Sdjcif;ESifhywfoufí cdkifrmrIukd qef;ppf&ef
vnf;rBudK;pm;? jiif;y,frIvnf;rjyKMuacs/ tjcm;aombmomw&m;rsm;? Oyrm-
*sdef;0g'uJhodkYaombk&m;rJhrsm;onf (God) udk;uG,f&mt&Sif wnf&Sdjcif;udk
r,HkMunfMuacs/
tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf tvdkwlygvQif uREfkyfonf ]uk&ftmefonf udk;uG,f&m
t&Sif\ vrf;ñTefpum;awmfrsm; jzpfovm;/}[laompmtkyfudk xkwfa0ygrnf/
þpmtkyfudkxkwfa0jzpfygu (csD;rGrf;jcif;taygif;wdkYonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf
twGufomjzpfonf/) bk&m;rJh0g'Drsm;? bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)wnf&SdrIudk
oHo,xm;olrsm;tm; taMumif; tusdK;cdkifvHkpGm ,kwdåaA'enf;?odyÜHenf;wdkYjzifh
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefudk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmavhvmNyD;? tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf&SdaerIudk
oufaojyEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/
tm;vHk;aombmomw&m;rsm;onftqHk;wGif
wpfyg;wnf;aom]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}tm;,HkMunfMujcif;
tm;vHk;aombmomw&m;rsm;onf? tqHk;wGif bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)
wnf&SdaerIudk ,HkMunfMuav&m? tqifhjrifhaomtydkif;wGif? wpfqlwnf;
aombk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)udk ,HkMunfMuavonf/ tm;vHk;aombmom
w&m;rsm;\ usrf;*efrsm;u trSefwpfu,fyif? wpfqlwnf;aom bk&m;udk
,HkMunf&ef ajymxm;avonf/ wpfenf;qdkaomf tppftrSefjzpfaom
wpfyg;wnf;aomt&Sifudk udk;uG,f&ef tqdkjyKxm;avonf/
vlom;wkdUu¤if;wdkYtusdK;twGuf
pmayusrf;*efrsm;udk jyKjyifMujcif;
tcsdefumv Mumanmif;vmonfESif htrQ (urÇm\ordkif;pOft&)?
rsm;pGmaombmomw&m;rsm;\ pmayusrf;*efrsm;onf ,dk,Gif;vmcJhonf
58
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
vnf;&Sd\/ wpfzefvlom;rsm;u ¤if;wdkYtusdK;twGuf jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;
vnf;&Sd\/ xdkYaMumifh rsm;pGmaombmomw&m;rsm;\ ,HkMunfcsufrsm;onf
,dk,Gif;ysufpD;vmNyD; wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;udk ukd;uG,faom0g'rS? A[kemx0g'
(wpfyg;ruaomewfbk&m;rsm;udkukd;uG,frI)ESifh bmomw&m;toD;oD;rS
bk&m;rsm;udk todtrSwfjyK udk;uG,faom0g' (odkY) obm0avmuwGif&Sdaom
t&mcyfodrf;udk bk&m;tjzpfudk;uG,frI0g'rsm;odkY a&GUvsm;ajymif;vJoGm;cJh\/
xdkYaMumifhusrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif
����� ���� ��� �������� ���� ������������ ���������� ��������� ����!"#� $%����&
$%���'�' ���������( �)����* ��+,� ���!� $%����& -./�"0 -���+� �1�� ��'�2���3�/�� �14"��
����5���� ��+,� ����!�
]]odkYjzpfí usrf;*efrsm;udk rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkif rdrdwdkYvufjzifh pD&ifa&;om;NyD;
tenf;i,frQ aomtzdk;tcjzifh vJvS,fa&mif;cs(pm;oHk;)&ef tvdkYiSm?
þusrf;*efonfum; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf txHawmfrS (xkwfjyef
ydkYcsawmfrlaom w&m; a'oemawmfusrf;*ef) wnf;[lí (vdrfvnf)
ajymqdkMuolwdkYonf ysufqD;Mu&ukefvwåH/ wzef,if;olwdkYonf rdrd
udk,fwdkifrdrdwdkYvufjzifh (r[kwfrrSef)a&;om;cJhjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;?
(rjyKxdkufrjyKtyfaomenf;rsdK;jzifh Opömypönf;) &SmazGjcif;aMumifhvnf;
aumif;? ysufpD;Mu&vdrfh rnf}}/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef(2;79)
aomif[D;'f\t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufESihftrsdK;tpm;rsm;
tpövmrfonfaomif[D;'fudk,HkMunfonf/ þaomif[D;'fopömw&m;
onf wpfqlwnf;aombk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)udk ,HkMunfjcif;xufom
vGefygonf/ ]aomif[D;'f} [laompum;vkH;rSm pmayt"dyÜm,ft&
]wpfaygif;wnf;jzpfjcif;}[kjzpfNyD; ]xdkudk;uG,f&mt&Sifwpfyg;wnf;&SdaMumif;?
tcdkiftrm,HkMunfajymqdkjcif;} yifjzpfonf/
aomif[D;'fonftm&ADpum;vkH; º æøu$‚ømöçøu(‚öiøçûuônû‚ rSqif;oufvmNyD;
t"dyÜm,frSm ]aygif;pnf;jcif;? pnf;vHk;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) uspfvspfcdkifrmjcif;}
wdkYjzpfonf/ ]aomif[D;'f}udk trsdK;tpm;(3)ck cGJjcm;Edkifygonf/¤if;wdkYrSm-
59
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
(1) aomif[D;'vf½kAlAD,[f
(2) aomif[D;'vf tvf-twfpfrmtk0qGfqGdzgof
(3) aomif[D;'vftkvk[D;,[f(odkY) aomif[D;'vftdAm'[f
(1) aomif[D;'&f½lAlAD,[f (zefqif;xdef;odrf;rIü]wpf}jzpfjcif;)
aomif[D;'ftrsdK;tpm;xJrS? yxrOD;qHk;trsdK;tpm;rSm ]aomif[D;'&f
½lAlAD,[f}jzpfonf/ ½lAlAD,[fonfrl&if;tm&ADpum;vkH;] &Af }rSqif;oufvmNyD;?
]&Af}\ t"dyÜm,frSm ]t&Sifocif? xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufolESifh cspfcifjrwfEdk;ol}
[laom t"dyÜm,frsm;&Sdonf/
xdkYaMumifh ]aomif[D;'&f½lAlAD,[f}[lonf zefqif; xdef;odrf; apmifha&Smuf
&mt&Sif wpfyg;wnf;jzpfjcif;udk xdef;odrf;jcif;jzpfonf/ þaomif[D;'f
trsdK;tpm;rSm tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfwpfyg;wnf;uomvQif bmrQr&Sdaom
tajctaerS t&mcyfodrf;jzpfay:wnf&Sdapatmif jzpfapjcif;[laom tajccH
todonmay:wGif tajccHxm;\/ wpfpH kwpf&mrQ vHk;0r&Sdao;aom
tajctaerS t&mcyfodrf;wdkYudkzefqif;onf (odkY) tpjyKjzpfay:aponf/
xdkt&Sifwpfyg;wnf;omvQif (NyD;jynfhpHkaompMu0VmBuD;ESifh ¤if;pMu0VmtwGif;&Sd
t&mrsm;tm;vHk;udk) zefqif;&Sif? jyKpk ysdK;axmifawmfrlaomt&Sif? xdef;odrf;
apmifha&Smufawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfonf/ þodkYpMu0VmESifh pMu0VmtwGif;&Sd
ouf&Sd?oufrJhcyfodrf;wdkYudk jyKpkysdK;axmifxdef;odrf;&mwGif xdkt&SiftwGuf vdktyf
csufwpfpHkwpf&mr&Sdovdk xdkt&SiftwGufvnf; rnfodkYrQ toHk;0if vdkvm;
awmifhwtyfonfr[kwf/
(2)aomif[D;'vf twfpfrmtf0qGfqGDzgof (tv’m[f\emrawmfESifh*kPf&nfawmfrsm;
\wpfaygif;wnf;jzpfjcif;oabmudk xdef;odrf;jcif;)
aomif[D;'f\'kwd,trsdK;tpm;rSm]aomif[D;'vf twfpfrmtf0qGfqGDzgof}
jzpfNyD;? ¤if;\teuft"dyÜg,frSm tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\emrawmfrsm;?
*kPf&nfawmfrsm;\ wpfaygif;wnf;jzpfjcif;? ({uefoabm)udk xdef;odrf;jcif;[k
t"dyÜg,f&onf/ aomif[D;'fudk (5)rsdK;cGJjcm;Edkifonf/
(1) tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftm; &nfñTef;azmfjy&mwGif? xdkt&Sif udk,fawmfwdkifESifh
60
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
xdkt&Sif\wrefawmfrsm;\azmfjycsufrsm;twdkif; &nfñTef;azmfjyoifhjcif;/
tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk&nfñTef;ajymqdk&mwGif? xdkt&Sif udk,fawmfwdkifESifh
xdkt&Sif\wrefawmfrsm;u azmfjyonfhenf;twdkif;om owfrSwfac:a0:
oifhygonf/ þuJhodkY ac:a0:Mu&m0,f? xdkt&Sif\emrawmfrsm;\ xif&Sm;aom
teuft"dyÜm,frsm;rSvGJí rnfonfhtrnfemrrsm;? *kPfawmfrsm;jzif h
½Sif;vif;jyojcif;rjyKbJ rl&if;teuft"dyÜm,ftwdkif;om azmfjyoifhygonf/
(2) tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftm; &nfñTef;ac:qkd&mü xdkt&Sifjrwf udk,fawmfwdkifu
rdrdudk,fudkrdrd&nfñTef;onfhtwkdif; ac:a0:&ygrnf/
tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk &nfñTef;wo&mwGif trnfemrawmftopf?
*kPfawmftopfrsm;ay;í r&nfñTef;? rw, ooifhyg/ Oyrm-tv’m[f
t&Sifjrwfonf u½kPmuif;a0;jcif;&SdwwfonfrSmrSefaomfvnf; tv’m[f\
trnfemrawmftm; (tvf*g'GdAf) (a'goBuD;awmfrlaomt&Sif) [laom
trnfemrrsdK; ray;oifhyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf
udk,fawmfwkdifESif h xdkt&Sif\wrefawmfrsm;uyg xdkuJhodk Yaom trnf
emrawmfrsdK;udk toHk;jyKbl;onfr&SdcJhaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/
(3)(3)(3)(3)(3) tv’m[ft&Sif jrwftm; ¤if;ud k,fawmfwd kif jyKvkyf zefqif;xm;tv’m[ft&Sif jrwftm; ¤if;ud k,fawmfwd kif jyKvkyf zefqif;xm;tv’m[ft&Sif jrwftm; ¤if;ud k,fawmfwd kif jyKvkyf zefqif;xm;tv’m[ft&Sif jrwftm; ¤if;ud k,fawmfwd kif jyKvkyf zefqif;xm;tv’m[ft&Sif jrwftm; ¤if;ud k,fawmfwd kif jyKvkyf zefqif;xm;
aomt&mrsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;? *kPft&nftaoG;rsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;?aomt&mrsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;? *kPft&nftaoG;rsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;?aomt&mrsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;? *kPft&nftaoG;rsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;?aomt&mrsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;? *kPft&nftaoG;rsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;?aomt&mrsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;? *kPft&nftaoG;rsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;?
trnfwwfac:a0:wojcif; rjyKtyfyg/trnfwwfac:a0:wojcif; rjyKtyfyg/trnfwwfac:a0:wojcif; rjyKtyfyg/trnfwwfac:a0:wojcif; rjyKtyfyg/trnfwwfac:a0:wojcif; rjyKtyfyg/
udk;uG,f&mt&Siftv’m[ftm; &nfñTef;worItwGuf xdkt&Sifu
zefqif;awmfrlcJ honfh tzefqif;cHrsm;\ t&nftaoG;rsm;ESif h trnf
rSnfhac:worIudpötm; uREfkyfwkdY taeESifh wif;wif;usyfusyf a&SmifMuOf&ygrnf/
Oyrm-or®musrf;pmwGif bk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf vlom;rsm;u olwdkY\
trdkuf?trSm;rsm;udkjyKvkyfNyD; aemifw&ouJhodkY bk&m;uvnf; ol\rSm;,Gif;
aomtawG;tac:? tBuHtpnfrsm;vkyf&eftwGufaemifw&onf[k
o½kyfaqmifjyxm;jcif;rsdK;udk vufrcHyg/ þodkY vlom;\vkyf&yfudk bk&m;
twGufoHk;EIef;jcif;onf aomif[D;'f\oabmw&m;udk oGifoGifBuD;qefYusif
aeayonf/ (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf aemifw&p&m taMumif;vnf;r&Sd/
rnfonfh trSm;t,Gif;udkrQvnf; usL;vGef&eftaMumif;r&Sdacs/
61
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\*kPfawmfrsm;ESifhywfoufaom t"duoabmw&m;
rsm;udk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ pl&m[f ½Id&mwGif atmufygtwdkif; azmfjyxm;
ayonf/
]]xdkt&SifjrwfESifhwlaomt&m[líum; rnfonfh wpfpHk wpf&mrQyif r&SdNyD/
xdkt&Sifjrwfonfyif t<uif;rJ hMum;awmfrlaomt&Sif? t<uif;rJ h
jrifawmfrlaom t&Sifjzpf\}} (usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 42;11)
jrifjcif;ESif h Mum;jcif;onf vlom;\ t&nftaoG;jzpfaomfvnf;?
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\*kPfawmftjzpf oHk;pGJaomtcgwGif? ¤if;wdkY\wkEdIif;rJh
jynfhpHkrIoabmw&m;aMumifh vlom;rsm;Mum;jcif;?jrifjcif;ESifh rwlEdkifyg/ vlom;wGif
¤if;wkdY\tjrifESifh tMum;tm½HkwdkYwGifuefYowfcsufrsm;&Sd aeaomaMumifh jrifEdkif?
Mum;EdkifzdkY&m vlom;twGuf em;rsm;? rsufaphrsm;tp&SdonfwdkY vdktyfaomfvnf;
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif tv’m[ft&SifjrwftwGufum; em;? rsufaphpaomt*Fg&yf
rsm;rvdktyfyg/
(4)(4)(4)(4)(4) vlom;tm;trnfrSnfhac:&mwGif (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)\ *kPf&nfawmfvlom;tm;trnfrSnfhac:&mwGif (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)\ *kPf&nfawmfvlom;tm;trnfrSnfhac:&mwGif (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)\ *kPf&nfawmfvlom;tm;trnfrSnfhac:&mwGif (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)\ *kPf&nfawmfvlom;tm;trnfrSnfhac:&mwGif (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)\ *kPf&nfawmf
rsm;udk ray;oifhjcif;rsm;udk ray;oifhjcif;rsm;udk ray;oifhjcif;rsm;udk ray;oifhjcif;rsm;udk ray;oifhjcif;
vlom;tm; udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ *kPf&nfawmfrsm;jzifh trnfrSnfhac:jcif;
onfvnf; ]aomif[D;'foabmw&m;} ESifhqefYusifaeygonf/ Oyrm-vlom;
wpfOD;tm;tpvnf;r&Sd? tqHk;vnf;r&Sd]xm0&wnfaejcif;}[k trnfrSnfhac:jcif;
onf aomif[D;'foabmw&m;ESifh qefYusifaeayonf/
(5) zefqif;cHrsm;tm; tv’m[f\trnfemrawmfrsm;zefqif;cHrsm;tm; tv’m[f\trnfemrawmfrsm;zefqif;cHrsm;tm; tv’m[f\trnfemrawmfrsm;zefqif;cHrsm;tm; tv’m[f\trnfemrawmfrsm;zefqif;cHrsm;tm; tv’m[f\trnfemrawmfrsm;ESifhESifhESifhESifhESifh rrSnfhac:oifhjcif;rrSnfhac:oifhjcif;rrSnfhac:oifhjcif;rrSnfhac:oifhjcif;rrSnfhac:oifhjcif;
tcsdKUaomxl;jcm;onfh trnfemrrsm;tm;? ¤if;wdk Y\ rwdusaom
yHkpHjzifh(Oyrm-&tkzf (0g) &[D;rf) ponfwdkYonf omrefvlom;twGufa&m
wrefawmfrsm;twGufyg toHk;jyK cGifh&Sdaomfvnf;? t&f-&tkzf (bmoma&;
tudkif;½Idif;qHk;ol)ESifh t&f-&[D;rf (oem;MuifemqHk;yk*¾dKvf) ponfh trnfemrrsm;
udkum; ray;oifhay/ xdktrnfemrrsm;a&SUwGif a&SUqufpum;vHk; tAf'k&f
(aus;uRef (odkY) tapcH) udkwyfí -tAf'k&f &tkzf? tAf'k&f&[D;rf ponfwdkY
tjzpfomac:tyfonf/
62
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
(*) aomif[D;'vftlvl[D;,[f (odkY)aomif[D;'vftdAm'[f
(udk;uG,fjcif;cHxdkufrIwGifwpfyg;wnf;jzpfaMumif;udkxdef;odrf;jcif;)
(1) tdAm'[f\ teuft"dyÜg,f
aomif[D;'vftdAm'[fonf udk;uG,fqnf;uyfjcif;cHxd kufrIwGif
wpfyg;wnf;wnf&SdaMumif;udk xdef;odrf;jcif; jzpfonf/ ]tdAm'[f}onf tm&AD
pum;vHk; ]tA'}rS qif;oufvmNyD; ]aus;uRef (odkY) 0efxrf; (odkY) wm0efxrf;
aqmifol}[k t"dyÜg,f&onf/ xdkYaMumifh tdAm'[fonf ,HkMunfudk;uG,frIwGif
olYuRef (odkY) emcHb0wnfaqmufjcif;jzpfonf/ qGvm;ofonf tdAm'[f
jyKjcif;twGuf tjrifhqHk; yHkoP²mefwpfckjzpfonf/ qGvm;ofonf tv’m[f
t&Sifjrwftm; 0wfjyKqnf;uyfjcif;jzpfNyD;? ¤if;wpfckwnf;u tdAm'[f
r[kwfyg/ rsm;pGmaom rGwfpvifrfrsm;onf? yHkrSef0wfjyKaom qGvm;ofrsm;
wnfaqmuf½Hkjzifh teEÅpGrf;tm;&Sif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftm; ]tdAm'[f}
jyKvkyf&ma&mufonf[k vGJrSm;pGmem;vnfaeMuayonf/ trSefpifppf tpövmrfu
vufcHxm;aom0wfjyKqkawmif;jcif;[laom todonmrSm tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf
tm;vHk;0½dkusdK;í trdefYemcHjcif;?vdkufemjcif;? wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;wdkY tusHK;
0ifonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifhqdkaomf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ ynwfcsufrsm;udk
vdkufemjcif; tv’m[fwm;jrpfxm;aomt&mrsm;rS a&Smif&Sm;jcif;onf
]tdAm'[f}(emcHb0wnfaqmufjcif;)rnfí þodkY jyKvkyfaom tdAm'[frsm;
onfvnf; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf wpfyg;wnf;udkom &nf&G,fíjyKvkyfjcif;
jzpfonf/
(2) txufazmfjyyg aomif[D;'foHk;rsdK;oHk;pm;pvHk;udk wpfNydKifeuf vdkufem&ef
vdktyfygonf/
aomif[D;'ftrsdK;tpm; yxrESpfckudkom,HkMunfNyD;? aomif[D;'vf
tdAm'[fudk vufawGUtaumiftxnfrazmfygu vHk;0toHk;0ifrnfr[kwf/
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif ]rk&fS&pfuf}rsm; (wrefawmfjrwf vufxufawmfu
½kyfxkudk;uG,folrsm;)u aomif[D;'f yxrtrsdK;tpm;ESpfckESifh ywfoufí
twnfjyKcJhaMumif;udk atmufygtwdkif; ñTef;qdkwifjyxm;ygonf/
]](td k-eADwrefawmf)toifonf 4if;wd k Ytm; þodk Y ajymqdkar;
jref;Muygav/tcsif;wdkY toifwdkYtm; rdk;aumif; uifrSvnf;aumif;?
63
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
urÇmN*dK[f rSvnf;aumif;? rnfolrnf0gpm;eyf&du©m axmufyHhavoenf;/
odk Ywnf; r[kwf rnfolonfem;rsm;ESifh rsufpdrsm;udkpdk;ydkifoenf;/
xdkenf;wlpGm rnfolonf ouf&SdudkoufrJhrS xGufapoenf; }}[k ar;jref;
ygav/ xdktcg 4if;wdkYu ]]tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf}} [líyif rkcsajymqdk
ajzMum;Muayrnf/ odk Y jzpfay&m toifwdk Yonf (wpfpH kwpf&mudk
tv’m[ft&SifjrwfESifh wGJzuf ESdKif;,SOfudk;uG,fjcif;rS) ra&SmifMuOfMu
avoavm}} [kar;jref;ygav/}} (usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef10;31)
tvm;wl tjcm;Oyrmwpfckudk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef? pl&m[fZkcf½kzfwGif
atmufygtwdkif;awGUjrifEdkifygonf/
]]pifppfaomfum; (tdk-eADwrefawmf) tu,fí om toifonf ¤if;wdkYtm;
toifwd k Yud krnfol zefqif;cJ h oenf;[k pH kprf;ar;jref;cJ h ygvQif
4if;wdk Yutv’m[f t&Sifjrwfyif (zefqif;awmfrlcJ honf)[k {uef
rvGJajymqdk(ajzMum;) Muayrnf/ odkYygvQuf 4if;wdkYonf tb,fodkY
(trSefw&m;bufrS) jyefvSnfhoGm;aeMuyg oenf;/}}
(usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 43;87)
ruúmNrdKUawmfwGifaexdkifcJhMuaom rk&Sf&D;ufrsm;u tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf
onf olwdkY\zefqif;&Sif?xdef;odrf; apmifha&Smufaomt&Sif? t&Sifocif?
tBuD;tuJjzpfaMumif; udk,HkMunfMuonf/ odkYaomf xdkolrsm;onf tv’m[ft&Sif
jrwftjyif tjcm;aombk&m;rsm;udk 0wfjyK&Sdcdk;jcif;aMumifh rGwfpvifrfrsm;
r[kwfMuay/ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfu xdkolrsm; udk ]umzd&f}(r,HkMunfolrsm;)
[lívnf;aumif;? ]rk&fS&D;ufrsm;} (½kyfxkudk;uG,folrsm;ESifh tv’m[fESifh
wkzufEdIif;,SOf ukdk;uG,folrsm;) [lítrsdK;tpm; cGJjcm;owfrSwfcJhonf/
��������� � ��� ���� �������� �� � ������� ����� � �����
]]pifppfaomfum; 4if;wdk Yteuf rsm;pGmaom olwdk Yonf tv’m[f
t&Sifjrwftm; wpfpH kwpf&mudk xd kt&SifjrwfESif h wG JzufEd Iif;,SOf
udk;uG,fjcif;rjyKbJ ouf0if,HkMunfMu onf r[kwfaywum;/}}
(usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 12;106)
64
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
xdkYaMumifhaomif[D;'vftdAm'[f(wpfqlwnf;aom udk;uG,f&mt&Sif
(tv’m[f)udk emcHb0wnfaqmufjcif;tm; xdef;odrf;jcif;onf) aomif[D;'f\
ta&;BuD;aomtpdwftydkif; jzpfonf/xdktv’m[ft&SifonfomvQif emcH
b0wnfaqmuf jcif;udkcH,lxdkufNyD;? xdkt&SifonfomvQifvlom;\ emcHb0
wnfaqmufjcif;tay:wGif? tusdK;&SdapatmiftmrcHcsuf ay;Ekdifaomt&Sif
jzpfonf/
u/ &S&D;uf\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufu/ &S&D;uf\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufu/ &S&D;uf\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufu/ &S&D;uf\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufu/ &S&D;uf\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsuf
txufazmfjyyg aomif[D;'ftrsdK;tpm; oHk;ckpvHk;teuf? rnfonfh
trsdK;tpm;udkrqdk xdefcsefxm;jcif; (0g) aomif[D;'foHk;rsdK;pvHk;\ pHcsdef
pHñTef;udkjynfh0pGmvdkufemjcif;r&SdbJ avsmhenf;aejcif;? ,HkMunfrItm;enf;aejcif;
udk ]&S&D;uf} [kac:onf/ &S&D;uf\ pmayt"dyÜm,frSm ]tazmfrsm;ESifh wkzuf
EIdif;,SOfjcif;?cGJa0jcif;}[kt"dyÜm,f&onf/ tpövmrhf a0g[m&wGifrl ]&S&D;ufonf
tv’m[ft&SifjrwfESifh tjcm;aomt&mrsm;udk wGJzufEIdif;,SOf udk;uG,fjcif;
[kt"dyÜm,f&NyD; ½kyfxkrsm;udk;uG,fjcif;vnf;yg0ifygonf/}
c/ &S&D;ufonf tBuD;rm;qHk;aom tjypfjzpfNyD; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf
b,faomtcgrQ cGifhvTwfrnfr[kwf/
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ pl&m[fedpmtfwGif tBuD;rm;qHk;aomtjypfESifh
ywfoufí atmufygtwdkif;wifjyxm; ayonf/
������ ���� ���� � ��� ��� ���������� ���� �������� �� �������� �� ����� � ��
�!�"�#�$ �!�%&�� '���(%)� �*�+�) ������� �������� �����
]]{uefpifppf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf wpfpH k wpf&mudk rdrdESif h
wGJbuf,SOfNydKif udk;uG,fjcif;udk vGwfNidrf;csrf; omcGifhtvsif; ay;awmfrl
rnfr[kwfay/odkY&mwGif wGJbuf ,SOfNydKif udk;uG,frIrSwyg; tjcm;jypfrIY
'kp½dkufwdkYudkrlum; rdrd tvdk&Sdawmfrlaomoltm; vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifh
ay;oem; awmfrltHh/ trSefpifppfaomfum; rnfolrqdk wpfpHkwpf&mudk
tv’m[ft&SifjrwfESifh wGJbufEIdif;,SOf udk;uG,fygrl xdkolonf {uefrvGJ
BuD;av;vSpGmaom jypfrI'kp½dkufudk usL;vGef cJhavownf;}}
(usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 4;48)
65
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
wlnDaomowif;ay;csufudk pl&m[fedpmtfwGif xyfrH azmfjyxm;ayonf/
������ ���� ���� � ��� ��� ���������� ���� �������� �� �������� �� ����� � ��
�!"#�$�� %��&�' �(�' �"�)�* ������� �������� �����
]]rkcs{uef tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf (tjcm;wpfpH k wpf&mudk)
rdrdESifhwGJbuf,SOfNydKif udk;uG,fjcif;udk tvsif;csrf;omcGifh ay;awmfrlrnf
r[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif xdkrSwpfyg; tjcm;tjypfudkrl rdrdtvdk&Sdawmf rloltm;
cGifhvTwfawmfrlayrnf/ trSefpifppfaomfum; rnfolrqdk (wpfpHkwpf&mudk)
tv’m[ft&SifjrwfESifh wGJbuf (,SOfNydKifudk;uG,f)ygrl? xdkolonfrvGJ{uef
(rSefuef aomw&m;vrf;awmfrS) tvGefa0;uGmaomvrf;rSm;odk Y
a&muf&SdacsNyD/}} (usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 4;116)
(*)&S&D;ufonfi&JrD;odkY ac:aqmifay;rnf/
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ pl&m[frmtd'[fwGif &S&D;ufjyKolonf i&JrD;odkY
0ifa&muf&rnfudk atmufygtwkdif; wifjyxm;onf/
������� ������ � �� ���������� ���� ������ ���� �������� � ��!��� ��"�# $�%�� �� ��&'�� ��(&��)�� *+��) ������ ����$�,-� �.��/��0�� *�1�� ��� ���������� ����� �)�&1�� �2����3���� �4&1�5��� ������- ������ �6&�7 $�%�8 �������� 9�:��
;)��<'�= �� �>������?���
]]rvG J{uef umzd&fjzpfoGm;Muaomolwd k Yu ]{uef pifppf
tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf ]r&f,rf}\om;awmf ]rpD[f} (tDpm)
yifjzpfawmfrlonf}[kajymqdkcJhMuukef\/ trSef aomfum; ]]rpD[f}} (udk,f
wdkif)uyif ]]tdk- tpö&mtDvD rsdK;EG,ftaygif;wdkY toifwdkYonf ig\
t&SifESifh? toifwdkY\t&Sifjzpfawmfrlaom tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk yif
c0yfudk;uG,fMuavukef[k ajymqdkcJhavonf/ pifppf{uef rnfolrqdk
(wpfpHkwpf&mudk) tv’m[ft&Sif jrwfESifh wGJzuf(udk;uG,f)ygvQif? tv’m[f
t&Sifjrwfonf xdk(uJhodkYaom) ol\tzdkY ]*sEéwf} trwokcbHkudk rkcs{uef
66
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq 67
ydwfyifxm;awmfrltHh/ ¤if;jyif xdkol\vm;&m|meonf i&JrD;yifjzpfvwåHY/
xdkrSwpfyg; (,if;uJhodkY) rw&m;usL;vGefaomolwdkYtm; ½dkif;yif;ulnD
apmifrrnfhol[líum; wpfpHkwpfa,mufrQ &Sdvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/
(usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 5;72)
(C)tv’m[ft&SifjrwfudkomvQif
c0yfudk;uG,fjcif;ESifhemcHwnfaqmufrIjyKvkyfoifhjcif;
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefpl&m[ftm;vdtifr&mefwGif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudkom
c0yfudk;uG,f? emcHb0wnfaqmufoifhaMumif; atmufygtwdkif; wifjyxm;
ayonf/
���� ������� ���� ���� ������� ����� ��������� ���!����� �"�#�� �$ �"�% �&����'�� (�)��� �*)��� �+�,-!$ �� �(.��/ �0�� 1�2�3*4 �� 05��� ���� 6*7��4
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]](tdk-eAD) toifonf(&[l'DESif h c&pf,mef wdk Ytm;) ajymMum; ygav?
tdkusrf;*ef&&Sdoltaygif;wdkY? toifwdkYonf tuREfkyfwdkYESifh toif wdkYMum;ü
(tm;vHk; vufcHxm;onfh wlnDaompum;bufodkYvmMuukef? (xdkpum;
onfum;) igwdkYonf tv’m[ft&SifjrwfrS wpfyg;tjcm; rnfonfht&mudkrQ
rc0yfrudk;uG,f jcif;? igwdkYonf wpfpHkwpfckaomt&mudkrQ xdkt&SifjrwfESifh
wGJbuf,SOfbuf [lírjyKjcif;? igwdkYteuf tcsdKUonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk
z,fMuOfí tcsdKUaomolrsm;udk arG;jrL awmfrlaomt&Sifrsm; [lírjyKvkyfjcif;
(yifwnf;)/(,if;uJhodkY zdwfac:NyD;onfhaemufaomfrSyif) tu,fí xdkol wdkYonf
aoGz,fausmcdkif;oGm;Muygrl (tdk-rGwfpvifrf taygif; wdk Y) toifwdk Yu
(xdkolwdkYtm;? tcsif;wdkY) uREfkyfwdkYonf (tv’m[f t&Sifjrwf \) trdefYawmfrsm;udk
r kcsemcHaom rGwfpvifrfrsm;yif jzpfaMumif;? toifwd k Yud k,fwd ki f
oufaocHMuukef[k ajymqdkMu ukefavmh/ (usrf;jrwfukeftmef 3;64)
q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;
ed*Hk;
usrf;jrwfukk&ftmefwGifñTefjyxm;onfrSm
�������� ����� � ���� ����������� � ���� ���� ��� ��������� �������� ��������! �"� �#�$�%�&��'� #�$(��) *���+ '#,- �#�$���.�� /0'�,1 23,4�� 5'6'��7 �8�����9 /#����
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]]4if;jyiftoifwdkYonf tMuifudk;uG,f&mrsm;udk uJh&JU ½Iwfcsjcif; rjyKMuvifh/} xdk
(rk&S f&pfuf)rsm;onf xdkt&mrsm;udk tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftm; pGef Yy,fí
udk;uG,fMu\/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf (toifwdkYonf þodkYjyKvkyfMuvQif)
xdkolrsm;onfvnf; todw&m;r&Sdojzifh pnf;urf;usL;vGefum tv’m[f
t&Sifjrwftm; uJh&JU½Iwfcsjcif; jyKMuayrnf/ igt&Sif onf þenf;twdkif;yif
tkyfpkwdkif;\tjrifwGif 4if;wdkY\ jyKrlcsufwkdYudkvSywifhw,fatmif jyKvkyf
xm;awmf rlcJhavonf/ xkdYaemuf 4if;wdkYtm;vHk;onf rdrdwdkYtm; arG;jrLawmfrl
aom t&SifjrwfxHawmfodkY jyefMu&rnf/ xdktcg t&Sifjrwf onf 4if;wdkUtm;
4if;wdkYjyKvkyfcJhMuonfrsm;udk xkwfazmf rdefYMum; awmfrlonf/}}
(usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 6; 108)
�������� �� ����� ���������� ��������� �������� �� �!�"�#��� $�% ���&'�� �(�����)*�+�, �- �-�. �/0��� 01�2 �/0��� 3������4 �3���5�' �& ������� 67�����8
]]pifppfaomfum;? tu,fítrSeftuef yx0Dajrü&Sd ukefaom
opfyiftoD;oD;wdkYonf uavmifrsm;jzpfí ork'´&m yifv,fonf (rifjzpfNyD;?
,if;yifv,fukefcef;NyD;aemuf) ork'´&myifv,fckESpfckonf ,if;(cef;ajcmuf
NyD;aom) yifv,fudk xyf rHíjznfhtHhaomfjim;vnf;tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\
tm,of awmf rsm;um; ukefqHkk;rnfr[kwfay/ rcRwfrvGJ tv’m[ft&Sif jrwf
onf bkef;awmfteEÅ&Sif ÓPfawmfteEÅ&Sif jzpfawmfrl\/}}
(usrf;jrwfukeftmef 31;27)
68
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq
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]]tdk-vlcyfodrf;wdkY? OyrmyHkaqmifcsufwpfckudk cdkif;EIdif; rnfjzpf&m toifwdkYonf
,if;OyrmyHkaqmifcsufudk (aumif;pGm) em;axmifMuavukef/ rkcs{uef
tv’m[f t&Sifjrwftm; pGef Yí toifwd k Y[pfac: (woqnf;uyf
udk;uG,fvQuf&Sd)Muaom t&mrsm;rSm 4if;wkYdtm;vHkk; (wpfpnf; wpfvHk;wnf;)
pk½k H;BudK;yrf; tm;xkwfMuonfhwdkifatmif ,ifaumifwpfaumifudkrQyif
tvQif;zef;qif; EkdifMurnf r[kwfay/xdkrSwyg; tu,fí xdk,ifaumifonf ¤if;wdkY
xHrS wpfpHkwpf&mudk vk,lygvQif (okwfoGm;ygvQif) 4if;wdkY onf ,if;t&mudkyif
xdk,if aumif\xHrS jyefvnf vk,lEkdifMurnf r[kwfacs/ &SmazGqnf;yl; (udk;uG,f
qnf;uyf)aomolESifh &SmazGqnf;yl; (udk;uG,f qnf;uyf) jcif; cH&aomolwdkYonf
tm;enf;csdeJYMuaywum;/}} (usrf;jrwfukk&ftmef 22; 73)
csD;rGrf;jcif;taygif;wdkYonf avmucyfodrf;wdkYtm; tqifhqifh jyKpk
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B.A(Geo;), B. Ed, M.Ed, Ph.D (Edn)(Tsukuba University, Janpan),Diploma in Daiyah (Al-Azahar)
67
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5. A S Hornby Oxford Advanced Leaner's Dictionary , New for 2000, Sixth
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