Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a...
-
Upload
blanche-shaw -
Category
Documents
-
view
343 -
download
5
Transcript of Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a...
![Page 1: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Concave Vs Convex
![Page 2: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Focal length
Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point of the lens or mirror — the point where parallel rays of light meet, or converge.
![Page 3: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Focal point• The focal point of a lens or mirror is the point
in space where parallel light rays meet after passing through the lens or bouncing off the mirror.
• A "perfect" lens or mirror would send all light rays through one focal point, which would result in the clearest image.
![Page 4: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Anatomy of an Eye
![Page 5: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
corneaAs light enters the eye, it first passes through a lubricating tear film that coats the cornea. The clear cornea covers the front of the eye and helps to focus incoming light.
![Page 6: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
aqueousAfter light passes through the cornea it travels through a clear, watery fluid called the aqueous humor. The aqueous humor circulates throughout the front part of the eye, maintaining a constant pressure inside the eye.
![Page 7: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
irisThe iris is the colored part of the eye. As light conditions change, the iris may dilate to make the pupil bigger or constrict to make the pupil smaller. This allows more or less light into the eye.
![Page 8: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
lensAfter light travels through the pupil, it must pass through the lens. The human lens, much like the lens of a camera, is responsible for focusing light. The lens can change its shape to focus on nearby and distant objects.
![Page 9: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
vitreousAfter being focused by the lens, light passes through the center of the eye on its way to the retina. The eye is filled with a clear, jelly-like substance called the vitreous.
![Page 10: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
retinal vessels
The retinal blood vessels nourish the inner layers of the retina.
![Page 11: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
retinaThe retina is a thin, light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye that acts much like film in a camera. Light must be properly focused onto the retina, and the surface of the retina must be flat, smooth, and in good working order to produce a clear image.
![Page 12: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
maculaThe center, or bulls eye of the retina is called the macula. The macula contains a high concentration of photoreceptor cells which convert light into nerve signals. Because of the high concentration of photoreceptors, we are able to see fine details such as newsprint with the macula. At the very center of the macula is the fovea, the site of our sharpest vision.
![Page 13: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
choroidBehind the retina, a layer of blood vessels called the choroid
supplies oxygen and nutrients to the outer layers of the retina.
![Page 14: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
scleraThe white part of the eye is called the sclera. The sclera is composed of tough, fibrous tissue that protects the inner workings of the eye.
![Page 15: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
optic nerve
The optic nerve is a bundle of nerve fibers which carries visual information from the eye to the brain.
![Page 16: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Light and Color
• Seeing color– You see what color is reflected by the object back
to your eye– Cones are cells in the back of your eye that detect
color– Rods are cells in the back of your eye that are
sensitive to light– Color blindness results from cone cells that do not
function properly in the eye
![Page 17: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Common Vision Problems
Nearsightedness:Farsightedness:Astigmatism:
![Page 18: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Nearsightedness : (Myopia)• Causes distant objects to appear
blurry• Occurs either because the cornea is
too curved or the eye ball is too long• Can be corrected by a concave lens .
Above: a myopic eye is longer than average.
![Page 19: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Farsightedness: (Hyperopia)•Causes near by object to appear blurry•Occurs either because the cornea is not curved or the eye ball is too short•Can be corrected by a convex lens.
Above: a hyperopic eye is smaller than average.
![Page 20: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Astigmatism:•Condition in which objects at any distance appear blurry•Occurs because the cornea or lens is misshapen.•Can be corrected by lens with two different focal points.
![Page 21: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Color
• The colors present in white light in order of increasing
wavelength are: violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange & red.
Roy G. Biv
![Page 22: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Seeing Color 1
• An object absorbs all colors of light except the one that you see. For example, a red
shirt appears red, because red is the only color it sends to
your eyes.
![Page 23: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Seeing Color 2
• A green piece of clear plastic appears green, because it only
allows green light to pass through it & it stops all other
colors.
![Page 24: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Primary Light Colors
•White light can be broken down in the Primary Colors of
Light. These are Red, Yellow & Blue. All other
colors are combinations of these.
![Page 25: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Seeing Colors 1
• Light enters the eye & is focused on the back on the
retina. • The retina contains two light sensitive cells, the rods & the
cones.
![Page 26: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Seeing Colors 2
• The Rods detect the presence of absence of light. They are
mainly used for vision at night or in dim light.
![Page 27: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Seeing Colors 3
• The cones give us our color vision. There are three types
of cones: red cones, green cones & blue cones.
![Page 28: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Seeing Colors 4 • The brain interprets the
signals sent to it from these detectors & produces the
images that we see. Our sight is produced in the brain.
![Page 29: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Pigments 1
• Pigments are colored materials that reflect some
colors of light & absorb other colors.
![Page 30: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Pigments 2
• There are three Primary Pigment Colors: Magenta, Cyan & Yellow. By mixing
these pigments in different amounts we produce all
colors.
![Page 31: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Pigments 3• Magenta absorbs Green and
reflects Red & Blue.• Cyan absorbs Red and reflects
Blue & Green.• Yellow absorbs Blue and reflects
Red & Green.
![Page 32: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Colors & Pigments 1
• Primary Light Colors are known as the Additive Colors & produce White when seen
together.
![Page 33: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Colors & Pigments 2
• Primary Pigment Colors are known as the Subtractive
Colors & produce Black when seen together.
![Page 34: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Concave Vs Convex. Focal length Focal length (shown in red) is the distance between the center of a convex lens or a concave mirror and the focal point.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052120/56649ce05503460f949aac73/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)