Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg,...

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Computers, Computers, Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence, & & Robotics Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science

Transcript of Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg,...

Page 1: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Computers, Computers, Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence,

& & RoboticsRobotics

Erin Harris, Graduate ResearcherJerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor

Department of Computer Science

Page 2: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

What is a Computer?

• Takes input– Keyboard, mouse, camera, microphones

• Transforms it through a set of instructions– Computer Program

• Creates output– Monitor, speakers

Page 3: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

What is a Computer?• ALL programs are made up of only 3 kinds of instructions!

1. Sequential InstructionsProgram to make chocolate mild

First put milk in a glassnext add two tablespoons of Nestle Quickstirdrink

2. Conditional InstructionIf (you are out of milk)

then go to the store and buy a gallon of milk

3. RepetitionWhile you are still thirst

Make chocolate milk

Page 4: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

A Computer Program

Page 5: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Computers are Powerful!• Storing and Retrieving Information

– Banks accounts, school grades, phone numbers

Page 6: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Computers are Powerful!• Tools for Creativity

– Writing papers, drawing pictures, composing music

Page 7: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Computers are Powerful!

• Controlling Complex Systems– Space Shuttle, Cruise Ships, Your Car

Page 8: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Computers are Powerful!– Computer Games, Special Effects in Movies

Page 9: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Artificial Intelligence

• Getting computers to do things that humans do

• Our Brains are information processing machines– Input: eyes, ears– Transformation: brain is our cpu– Output: hands, feet, mouth

?

Page 10: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

What is Intelligence?• Expert Tasks

– Medical Diagnosis– Airplane Mechanic

• Formal Tasks– Mathematics– Game Playing

• Creative Tasks– Painting– Music Composition

• Everyday Tasks– Visual recognition– Language understanding

Page 11: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Reasoning: State Space Search• State Space

– The space of all possible states of a problem– The actions that can be applied to a state

• Solving a problem: State Space Search– From a starting state search for a solution by applying possible actions – Test for solution

• Example:– How could you find where you parked your car at the mall?– States: locations where you are– Actions: moving from one point to the next– Goal test: Being in the same location as your car

Page 12: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Exhaustive Search vs. Intelligent

Search

Page 13: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Solve These Problems

• What is the name of this shape?

• 23 X 11 =

• How many windows are in your house?

Page 14: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Knowledge Representation

• Knowledge representation stores information in a program in a way that it can be applied to a problem

• Different Kinds of Knowledge are used to solve different kinds of problem.

Page 16: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

And Robots• A robot is a computer with a body

• A mobile robot is a computer with wheels (or legs or treads or other)

Page 17: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

What is An Intelligent Robot?• A machine able to extract information

from its environment and use knowledge about its world to move safely in a meaningful manner

Page 18: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Humans vs. RobotsPeople Robots

Bones Metal/Plastic

Muscles Motors

Senses Sensors

Digestion/Respiration

AC/DC Power

Brain Computer

Knowledge Program

Page 19: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Mobile Robots have to Solve Difficult Problems

• Where am I? – Localization Problem

• How do I get there? – Path Finding Problem

• How do I find the door? – Object Recognition Problem

• What are you asking me to do?– Language Understanding Problem

• How can I tell you the answer to your question?– Speech Generation Problem

Page 20: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

roboti.cs.siue.edu

Page 21: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Meet TazThe Tour Guide

Robot

Page 22: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

How does Taz figure out where it is?

• Has an internal map in its memory.

• Measures how far it travels to get a rough idea of where it is at on the map.

• Uses matches its laser and sonar readings to walls the map to get an exact location

Page 23: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

The Internal Map

Page 24: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Matching laser and sonar readings to map

Page 25: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Control Java AppletRuns on user’s computer

Browses Robot Page

Middle ManStores Java Applet

Stores WebsiteRuns on Web Server

The ClientRuns on Robot’s Onboard PC

P2OSRuns on Robot’s Microcomputer

Directly Controls Robot Hardware

DownloadJava Applet

Send movement commands to Middle Man

DownloadWeb Material

Middle Man sends

commands on to client

Client sends camera feed to Middle Man

Client sends robot state info to

Middle Man

Client sends safe commands to

robot

P2OS sends state and

location info to Client

Middle Man sends camera feed to Applet

Observe Java AppletRuns on user’s computer

Browses Robot Page

How you Control Taz

Page 26: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Interesting Robots

Page 27: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Interesting Robots

Page 28: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Interesting Robots

Page 29: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, & Robotics Erin Harris, Graduate Researcher Jerry B. Weinberg, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science.

Anyone can be a robot scientist• LEGO Robot Kits