COMPUTERS ARCHITECTURE

Processor (CPU)

Memory

RAM memory

ROM memory

peripheral

input peripheral

Output peripheral

CPUTHE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

(CPU) OR PROCESSOR IS THE PORTION OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM THAT CARRIES

OUT THE INSTRUCTIONS OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM, AND IS THE PRIMARY ELEMENT CARRYING OUT THE

COMPUTER'S FUNCTIONS.

MEMORY COMPUTER DATA STORAGE, OFTEN

CALLED STORAGE OR MEMORY, REFERS TO COMPUTER COMPONENTS, DEVICES, AND RECORDING MEDIA THAT RETAIN

DIGITAL DATA USED FOR COMPUTING FOR SOME INTERVAL OF TIME.

COMPUTER DATA STORAGE PROVIDES ONE OF THE CORE FUNCTIONS OF THE MODERN COMPUTER. IT IS ONE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS OF ALL MODERN COMPUTERS, AND COUPLED WITH A CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU, A PROCESSOR), IMPLEMENTS THE BASIC COMPUTER MODEL USED SINCE THE 1940S.

RAM RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY (USUALLY

KNOWN BY ITS ACRONYM, RAM) IS A FORM OF COMPUTER DATA STORAGE.

TODAY, IT TAKES THE FORM OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS THAT ALLOW

STORED DATA TO BE ACCESSED IN ANY ORDER (I.E., AT RANDOM).

THE WORD RAM IS OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH VOLATILE TYPES OF MEMORY (SUCH AS DRAM MEMORY MODULES), WHERE THE INFORMATION IS LOST AFTER THE POWER IS SWITCHED OFF.

EXERCISE: GIVE THE CARACTERESTICS OF RAM STORAGE DEVICE

CORRECTION:SAVE DATA PROVIDED BY USER.THE INFORMATION IS LOST AFTER THE POWER IS SWITCHED OFF.

ROM READ-ONLY MEMORY (USUALLY

KNOWN BY ITS ACRONYM, ROM) IS A CLASS OF STORAGE MEDIA USED IN

COMPUTERS AND OTHER ELECTRONIC DEVICES.

EXERCISE: GIVE THE CARACTERESTICS OF ROM STORAGE DEVICE.

CORRECTION:IT CONTAINS BIOS(1) AND BOOT STROP(2)

1.THE VERIFICATION OF MATERIAL.2.CHARGED IN DEMARRAGE OF COMPUTERS.THE DATA SAVED ARE PERMENANT.

PERIPHERAL (DEVICE) A PERIPHERAL IS A DEVICE ATTACHED TO A HOST COMPUTER BUT NOT PART OF

IT WHOSE PRIMARY FUNCTIONALITY.

EXAMPLES ARE PRINTERS, SCANNERS, MICROPHONES, WEBCAMS, CAMERAS ,TV CARD ,JOYPAD ,JOYSTICK , USB DEVICE, READER ZIP, …

INPUT PERIPHERAL AN INPUT DEVICE IS ANY PERIPHERAL

(PIECE OF COMPUTER HARDWARE EQUIPMENT) USED TO PROVIDE DATA

AND CONTROL SIGNALS TO AN INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM

(SUCH AS A COMPUTER).

KEYBOARD A 'KEYBOARD' IS A HUMAN INTERFACE DEVICE WHICH IS REPRESENTED AS A

LAYOUT OF BUTTONS. EACH BUTTON, OR KEY, CAN BE USED TO EITHER INPUT A

LINGUISTIC CHARACTER TO A COMPUTER.

POINTING A POINTING DEVICE IS ANY HUMAN

INTERFACE DEVICE THAT ALLOWS A USER TO INPUT SPATIAL DATA TO A COMPUTER.

IN THE CASE OF MICE AND TOUCH SCREENS, THIS IS USUALLY ACHIEVED BY

DETECTING MOVEMENT ACROSS A PHYSICAL SURFACE.

SCANNER IN COMPUTING, A SCANNER IS A DEVICE THAT OPTICALLY SCANS IMAGES, PRINTED TEXT, HANDWRITING, OR AN OBJECT, AND CONVERTS IT TO A DIGITAL IMAGE.1-SCANNER 3 DIMENSIONS2-SCANNER 2 DIMENSIONSGIVE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 1 AND 2

3D SCANNER

IMAGE SCANNER, WHICH DIGITIZES A TWO-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE. 3D SCANNER, WHICH DIGITIZES THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL SHAPE OF A REAL OBJECT .

OUTPUT DEVICES AN OUTPUT DEVICE IS ANY PIECE OF COMPUTER HARDWARE EQUIPMENT USED TO COMMUNICATE THE RESULTS OF DATA PROCESSING CARRIED OUT BY AN INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM (SUCH AS A COMPUTER) TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD.